1、职称英语卫生类 C 级模拟 68 及答案解析(总分：100.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、第 1 部分：词汇选项(总题数：15，分数：15.00)1.Have you talked to her lately ?（分数：1.00）A.lastlyB.finallyC.shortlyD.recently2.While we don“t agree, we continue to be friends.（分数：1.00）A.WhoeverB.WhereC.AlthoughD.Whatever3.Enormous sums of money have been spent on space exp
2、loration.（分数：1.00）A.MuchB.LargeC.SmallD.Fixed4.About one million Americans are diagnosed annually with skin cancer.（分数：1.00）A.every yearB.severelyC.activelyD.every month5.The policeman wrote down all the particulars of the accident.（分数：1.00）A.secretsB.detailsC.benefitsD.words6.We will take your rece
3、nt illness into consideration when marking your exams.（分数：1.00）A.effectB.accountC.effortD.discount7.There are a limited number of books on this subject in the library.（分数：1.00）A.smallB.totalC.goodD.great8.The chairman proposed that we should stop the meeting.（分数：1.00）A.showedB.suggestedC.agreedD.bel
4、ieved9.Mary has blended the ingredients.（分数：1.00）A.madeB.mixedC.cookedD.eaten10.They agreed to modify their policy.（分数：1.00）A.clarifyB.defineC.changeD.develop11.The dentist has decided to extract her bad tooth.（分数：1.00）A.take outB.break offC.push inD.dig up12.The economy continued to exhibit signs o
5、f decline in September.（分数：1.00）A.playB.showC.sendD.tell13.This table is strong and durable .（分数：1.00）A.long lastingB.extensiveC.far reachingD.eternal14.He endured great pain before he finally expired .（分数：1.00）A.firedB.resignedC.diedD.retreated15.The girl is gazing at herself in the mirror.（分数：1.00
6、）A.smilingB.laughingC.shoutingD.staring二、第 2 部分：阅读判断(总题数：1，分数：7.00)SmokingSince 1939, numerous studies have been conducted to determine whether smoking is a health hazard. The trend of the evidence has been consistent and indicates that there is a serious health risk. Research teams have conducted s
7、tudies that show beyond all reasonable doubt that tobacco smoking is associated with a shortened life expectancy. Cigarette smoking is believed by most research workers in this field to be an important factor in the development of cancer of the lungs and cancer of the throat and is believed to be re
8、lated to cancer of some other organs of the body. Male cigarette smokers have a higher death rate from heart disease than non-smoking males. Female smokers are thought to be less affected because they do not breathe in the smoke so deeply. Apart from statistics, it might be helpful to look at what t
9、obacco does to the human body. Smoke is a mixture of gases, vaporized chemicals, minute particles of ash and other solids. There is also nicotine, which is powerful poison, and black tar. As smoke is breathed in, all those components form deposits on the membranes of the lungs. One point of concentr
10、ation is where the air tube and bronchus divides. Most lung cancer begins at this point. Filters and low tar tobacco are claimed to make smoking to some extent safer, but they can only slightly reduce, not eliminate the hazards.（分数：7.00）(1).It is easy to determine whether smoking is hazardous.（分数：1.
11、00）A.RightB.WrongC.Not mentioned(2).Smoking reduces one“s life expectancy.（分数：1.00）A.RightB.WrongC.Not mentioned(3).Smoking may induce lung cancer.（分数：1.00）A.RightB.WrongC.Not mentioned(4).There is evidence that smoking is responsible for breast cancer.（分数：1.00）A.RightB.WrongC.Not mentioned(5).Male
12、smokers have a lower death rate from heart disease than female smokers.（分数：1.00）A.RightB.WrongC.Not mentioned(6).Nicotine is poisonous.（分数：1.00）A.RightB.WrongC.Not mentioned(7).Filters and low tar tobacco make smoking safer.（分数：1.00）A.RightB.WrongC.Not mentioned三、第 3 部分：概括大意与完成句子(总题数：1，分数：8.00)The P
13、aper Chase1. “Running a house is a lot like running a business,“ says Stephanie Denton, a professional organizer based in Cincinnati, Ohio, who specializes in both residential and commercial paperwork and record keeping. To get a successful grip on organizing documents, bills, and other materials, D
14、enton suggests the following tips. 2. Create a space in which you can always do your paperwork. This is perhaps the most important element of a successful system. If you can“t devote an entire desk to the task, at least invest in a roiling file cart to store active paperwork and a two-drawer file ca
15、binet for family records. Store the rolling file cart wherever it is most convenient and comfortable to do your work, whether that is the kitchen, office, or family room. 3. When in doubt, throw it out. The first step to implementing a workable filing system is to eliminate paper you don“t use, don“
16、t need, or that you could easily access again elsewhere. Throw out duplicate statements, old catalogs, and all of the coupons, mailings, or offerings you“ll never have an opportunity to use or even read. 4. Set aside two clays a month to pay bills. If a monthly due date doesn“t fit into your cycle,
17、call up the creditor and suggest a more convenient date. Keep two manila folders at the front of your system for current billsone to correspond with each bill-paying day and file all incoming bills. Keep a list in the front of each folder of what needs to be paid in case the invoice never arrives or
18、 gets misplaced. 5. Think of your filing system not as a rigid tool, but as a living, breathing system that can accommodate your changing needs. A good filing system is both mentally and physically flexible. Everyone“s needs are different, says Denton, but when devising a filling system, ask yoursel
19、f: “Where would 17 look for this?“ Create main headings for your filing system, such as Investments, Taxes, Children, and so forth, and file individual folders under the main headings. Never overstuff your files.（分数：8.00）(1).Paragraph 2 1 A. Find a Place to Work on B. Implementing a Workable Filing
20、System C. What Is a Good Filing System D. How to Invest in a Rolling File Cart E. Get Rid of Unimportant Things F. Dealing with Bills（分数：1.00）(2).Paragraph 3 1（分数：1.00）(3).Paragraph 4 1（分数：1.00）(4).Paragraph 5 1（分数：1.00）(5).Stephanie Denton is an expert 1. A. they are useless B. in paper chase C. th
21、at it is easily reached D. that different people have different requirements E. they are not comfortable F. in investing in coupons（分数：1.00）(6).You can put your file cart anywhere you like, on condition 1.（分数：1.00）(7).Coupons should be thrown away because 1.（分数：1.00）(8).“Mentally flexible“ indicates
22、 the fact 1.（分数：1.00）四、第 4 部分：阅读理解(总题数：0，分数：0.00)五、第一篇(总题数：1，分数：15.00)U.S. States Do Poorly in Women“s HealthNot a single U. S. state meets basic federal goals for women“s health, and the nation as a whole fails except in two areasmammograms and dental check-upsresearchers said on Thursday. Millions
23、 of women lack health insurance, and states make it difficult to enroll in Medicaid, the state-federal health insurance plan for the poor, according to the report. And few states are doing anywhere near enough to help women quit smoking the leading cause of death in the United States. “The nation as
24、 a whole and the individual states fall short of meeting national goals,“ reads the report. Put together by the National Women“s Law Center and the Oregon Health Science University, “These health goals provide a road map for assessing the status of women“s health.“ Of 27 measures examined by the gro
25、up, from screening for diseases to actually treating them, the nation passes on only two, the researchers said. “The nation is so far from the healthy people goals that it receives an overall grade of “unsatisfactory“,“ they wrote. The problem seems to be a lack among states of an overall plan for h
26、ealth in general, the NWLC said. “State policy makers“ piecemeal approach to our health care crisis has resulted in a complex and ineffective system that fails to meet the health care needs of women,“ Judy Waxman, NWLC Vice President for Health, said in a statement. “Lawmakers need to take a compreh
27、ensive, long-term approach to meeting women“s health needs and tackle this serious problem that plagues so many families.“（分数：15.00）(1).The nation does poorly in all the following aspects of women“s health EXCEPT _.（分数：3.00）A.conducting dental check-upsB.helping women quit smokingC.screening for dis
28、easesD.treating cancer(2).Medicaid is a program aimed at _.（分数：3.00）A.helping womenB.helping the poorC.reducing povertyD.preventing disease(3).Which causes the biggest number of deaths in the U. S.?（分数：3.00）A.Accidents.B.Heart disease.C.Cancer.D.Smoking.(4).The national goals for women“s health make
29、 it easier to _.（分数：3.00）A.meet women“s health needsB.assess the status of women“s healthC.make an overall plan for health in generalD.deal with the health care crisis(5).What kind of approach should be adopted to meet women“s health needs?（分数：3.00）A.Piecemeal.B.State-federal.C.Comprehensive and lon
30、g-term.D.Complex and ineffective.六、第二篇(总题数：1，分数：15.00)Cigars InsteadSmoking one or two cigars a day doubles the risk of cancers of the lip, tongue, mouth and throat, according to a government study. Daily cigars also increase the risk of lung cancer and cancer of the esophagus, and increase the risk
31、 of cancer of the larynx(voice-box) six-fold, say researchers at the National Cancer Institute in Bethesda, Maryland. In addition, the report revealed that smoking three or four cigars a day increased the risk of oral cancer to 8.5 times the risk for nonsmokers and the risk of esophageal cancer by f
32、our times the risk of nonsmokers. The health effects of smoking cigars is one of eight sections of the article Cigars: Health Effects and Trends. The researchers report that, compared with a cigarette, a large cigar emits up to 90 times as much carcinogenic tobacco-specific nitrosamines. “This artic
33、le provides clear and invaluable information about the disturbing increase in cigar use and the significant public health consequences for the country,“ said Dr. Richard Klausner, director of the National Cancer Institute, in a statement. “The data are clearthe harmful substances and carcinogens in
34、cigar smoke, like cigarettes, are associated with the increased risks of several kinds of cancers as well as heart and lung diseases,“ he added. “In other words, cigars are not safe alternatives to cigarettes and may be addictive.“ “To those individuals who may be thinking about smoking cigars, our
35、advice isdon“t. To those currently smoking cigars, quitting is the only way to eliminate completely the cancer, heart and lung disease risks,“ warned Klausner. According to a National Cancer Institute press release, there haven“t been any studies on the health effects on nonsmokers at cigar social e
36、vents, but “. a significant body of evidence clearly demonstrates an increased lung cancer risk from secondhand smoke .“（分数：15.00）(1).According to the report, smoking three or four cigars a day _.（分数：3.00）A.increases the risk of oral cancer for non-smokersB.greatly increases the risk of oral cancer
37、for smokersC.increases the risk of more than one cancer for non-smokersD.greatly increases the risk of more than one cancer for smokers(2).In the passage how many cancers are mentioned in relation to smoking cigars daily?（分数：3.00）A.Six.B.Seven.C.Eight.D.Nine.(3).What is the main idea of the article
38、Cigars. Health Effects and Trends?（分数：3.00）A.When it comes to cancer, cigars are not any safer than cigarettes.B.Cigars may be addictive while cigarettes are not easily so.C.Cigars contain less harmful substances than cigarettes.D.Increase in cigar-smoking does not affect public health much.(4).What
39、 is the doctors“ advice to those cigar-smokers?（分数：3.00）A.To give it up completely.B.To give up part of it.C.Not to think about it any more.D.To cure the diseases first.(5).In the context of this passage, “secondhand smoke“ in the last line means _.（分数：3.00）A.smoking bad-quality cigarsB.smoking very
40、 cheap cigarsC.being near cigar smokers when they are not smokingD.being near cigar smokers when they are smoking七、第三篇(总题数：1，分数：15.00)Common-Cold SenseYou can“t beat it, but you don“t have to join it. Maybe it got the name “common cold“ because it“s more common in winter. The fact is, though, being
41、cold doesn“t have anything to do with getting one. Colds are caused by the spread of rhinoviruses, and, at least so far, medical science is better at telling you how to avoid getting one than how to get rid of one. Children are the most common way cold viruses are spread to adults, because they have
42、 more colds than adults an average of about eight per year. Why do kids seem so much more easily to get colds than their parents? Simple. They haven“t had the opportunity to become immune to many cold viruses. There are more than 150 different cold viruses, and you never have the same one twice. Bei
43、ng infected by one makes you immune to itbut only it. Colds are usually spread by direct contact, not sneezing or coughing. From another person“s hand to your hand and then to your nose or eyes is the most common route. The highest concentration of cold viruses anywhere is found under the thumbnails
44、 of a boy, although the viruses can survive for hours on skin or other smooth surfaces. Hygiene is your best defense. Wash your hands frequently, preferably with a disinfectant soap, especially when children in your household have colds. But even careful hygiene won“t ward off every cold. So, what w
45、orks when a coughing, sneezing, runny nose strikes? The old prescription of two aspirins, lots of water, and bed rest is a good place to start. But you“ll also find some of the folk remedies worth trying. Hot mixtures of sugar(or honey), lemon, and water have real benefits.（分数：15.00）(1).According to
46、 the essay, you may have a cold because _.（分数：3.00）A.it is caused by the cold winter weatherB.the spread of rhinoviruses gets people infectedC.another person“s coughing passes the cold to youD.you wash your hands too often(2).The best way to keep yourself from getting colds is _.（分数：3.00）A.to keep y
47、ourself cleanB.to use a disinfectant soapC.to take two aspirin pills every dayD.to drink lots of water(3).Children have more colds because _.（分数：3.00）A.they are usually infected about eight times each yearB.they are not immune to many cold virusesC.they never wash their hands so that their thumbnail
48、s are dirtyD.they don“t like eating lemon(4).When you are having a cold, _.（分数：3.00）A.it is always the same kind of cold that you had last timeB.it may be the same kind of cold that you had last timeC.it is certainly not the same kind of cold that you had last timeD.it is probably not the same kind
49、of cold that you had last time(5).When one is having a cold, he often has some symptoms EXCEPT（分数：3.00）A.coughingB.having a runny noseC.sneezingD.having a stomachache八、第 5 部分：补全对话(总题数：1，分数：10.00)Bedwetting (尿床)Millions of kids and teenagers from every part of the world wet the bed every single night. It“s so common that there are probably other kids in your class who do it. Most kids don“t tell their friends, so it“s easy to feel kind of alone, like you might be the only one on the whole planet who wets the bed. 1 The fancy name for bedwettin
