1、职称英语卫生类综合-阅读理解及答案解析(总分：255.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、阅读理解(总题数：85，分数：255.00)1.Dont apply ice or butter or any other type of grease to burns. Also, dont cover a bum with a towel or blanket, because loose fibers might stick to the skin. When dealing with a serious burn, be careful not to break any blisters or pu
2、ll off clothing stuck to the skin.Do wash and apply antibiotic (抗生素) ointment (软膏) to mild burns. Head to the hospital for any bums to the eyes, mouth, or genital (生殖器的) areas, even if mild; any burn that covers an area larger than your hand; and any bum that causes blisters or is followed by a feve
3、r.The paragraph centers on A. when to go to hospital. B. how to deal with bums. C. when antibiotic ointment is needed. D. how to use lee or butter to burns.（分数：3.00）A.B.C.D.2.In my frigeless Fifties childhood, I was fed well and healthily. The milkman came daily, the grocer, the butcher, the baker,
4、and the ice cream man delivered two or three times a week. The Sunday meat would last until Wednesday and surplus bread and milk became all kinds of cakes. Nothing was wasted and we were never troubled by rotten food. Thirty years on, food deliveries have ceased, flesh vegetables are almost unobtain
5、able in the country.What was not mentioned as part of my childhoods diet? A. Milk. B. Meat. C. Bread. D. Bacon.（分数：3.00）A.B.C.D.3.Vitamins are another essential requirement for health. There are about florty, known vitamins, lint the most generally referred to are A, B, C, D and E. Deficiency of Vit
6、amin A, foundin carrots, rose -hips (玫瑰果), liver, etc., is alleged to affect the vision and the skin and reduce resistance to infection. Vitamin C, present in nearly all fruit, particularly oranges and other citrus fruit (柑橘属水果), has come to be regarded as particularly effective in the preventipn of
7、 cold and low energy states.According to the paragraph, the best source of Vitamin C is A. citrus fruit B. fruit in dark color C. carrots D. rose - hips.（分数：3.00）A.B.C.D.4.Hillmans study, which will be published later this year, isnt definitive enough to stand alone. But it doesnt have to: its part
8、of a recent and rapidly growing movement in science showing that exercise can make people smarter. Last week, in a landmark paper, researchers announced that they had coaxed (耐心谨慎地摆弄) the human brain into growing new nerve cells, a process that for decades had been thought impossible, simply by putt
9、ing subjects on a three -month aerobic - workout regimen (养生之道). Other scientists have found that vigorous exercise can cause older nerve cells to form dense, interconnected webs that make the brain run faster and more efficiently. And there are clues that physical activity can stave off the beginni
10、ngs of Alzheimers disease, ADHD and other cognitive disorders. No matter your age, it seems, a strong, active body is crucial for building a strong, active mind.What is the main idea of the paragraph? A. Exercising can cause a chain of chemical reactions in the brain. B. Exercising is helpful buildi
11、ng a strong, active mind. C. Exercising is a good way to keep fit and stay healthy. D. Exercising can help the brain grow new nerve cells.（分数：3.00）A.B.C.D.5.Not every psychologist would agree that Internet or video - game dependency is a legitimately (合理地) diagnosable problem. Some suggest that path
12、ological (非理智的) game - playing or Internet surfing is not an addiction per se (本身，就本笛而言), but a symptom of a deeper issue, such as depression or anxiety. But Cash believes the virtual world can be no less addicting than other activities, such as gambling. She describes her first patient who exhibite
13、d signs of compulsion (冲动): He had come to her in a moment of crisis 15 years ago - having discovered a text - only role - playing computer game that was conceptually similar to Dungeons and Dragons, he had begun dedicating nearly all of his time to the game. He got fired from his job at nearby Micr
14、osoft, and his marriage was falling to pieces. Cash realized he was showing the classical signs of addiction. “I was so intrigued. “says the co - author of the recent book Video Games and Your Kids: How Parents Stay in Control. “That was what started me on my path. “Some psychologists other than Cas
15、h and his colleague think that Internet or video -game dependency is. A. a problem that can be reasonably diagnosed. B. an addiction just as addiction to other activities. C. a symptom of deeper psychological issue. D. a problem that cannot be solve（分数：3.00）A.B.C.D.6.In a speech to schoolchildren la
16、st week that had some conservative opponents up in arms, President Obama delivered at least one line that seemed incontestable (无可不论的): “I hope youll all wash your hands a lot, and stay home from school when you dont feel well, so we can keep people from getting the flu this fan and winter. “The Dis
17、ney corporation is now marketing Musical Hand Wash Timers featuring characters like the Little Mermaid, and encouraging parents to “take precaution against swine flu“ by teaching children to wash their hands correctly. “Studies prove that regular hand - washing dramatically reduces the spread of inf
18、ection,“ says the Disney Web page, which links to the Centers for Disease Control and Preventions Web site.What is the paragraph mainly about? A. It is publicized that hand - washing is an effective way to reduce the spread of swine flu. B. President Obama encouraged children to wash hands a lot to
19、stay healthy. C. Disney corporation now is interested in public health affairs. D. Washing hands correctly is very important in reducing the spread of swine flu.（分数：3.00）A.B.C.D.7.Apart from statistics, it might be helpful to look at what smoking tobacco does to the human body. Smoke is a mixture of
20、 gases, vaporized chemicals, minute particles of ash and other solids. There is also nicotine, which is powerful poison, and black tar. As smoke is breathed in, all those components form deposits on the membranes of the lungs. One point of concentration is where the air tube and bronchus divides. Mo
21、st lung cancer begins at this point.Nicotine Can be best described as A. deadly. B. fatal. C. poisonous. D. minut（分数：3.00）A.B.C.D.8.If youre like 67% of Americans, youre currently overweight or obese. If youre like 27%, your blood pressure is too high. If youre like a whopping 96% of the population,
22、 you may not be able to recall the last time you had a salad, since youre one of the hundreds of millions of Americans who rarely eat enough vegetables. And what you do eat, you dont burn off - assuming youre like the 40% of US who get no exercise. Most troubling of all, if youre like any parent of
23、any child anywhere in the world, you may be passing your health habits to your children, which explains why experts fear that this generation of American kids may be the first ever to have a shorter life span than their parents do.What is the percentage of Americans who do not do physical exercise,9
24、 A. 67% B. 27% C. 96% D. 40%（分数：3.00）A.B.C.D.9.Since then, Cash has focused her practice on video -game and Internet addiction, treating patients who use their electronic media so obsessively that they stop sleeping and eating properly, ruin relationships with loved ones, suffer repetitive use injur
25、ies such as eye strain and carpal tunnel syndrome, and develop depression and anxiety, among other things. Cashs private practice is located in Redmond, Wash. , the home of Microsoft-not an entirely surprising hub of compulsive Internet and video- game use, she says. Indeed, the Seattle-Tacoma area
26、is the nations 13th largest media market, and has the highest level of Internet use in the country; according to a recent study, more than 45% of adults in the area regularly play video games. “There s nothing wrong with this technology,“ says Cash, who is careful to note that its not the medium tha
27、t is to blame, but rather, the lack of education about it. “Its all in how its used“Which of the following is not a symptom of video - game and Internet addiction according to Cash? A. The stop of sleeping and eating properly. B. The suffer from repetitive use injuries. C. The ruin of relationships
28、with loved ones. D. Insomnia and other health problems.（分数：3.00）A.B.C.D.10.Fortunately, I no longer need to go under the knife to retain my youthful allure - Advances in nonsurgical techniques have created a whole realm of possibilities for those seeking a new and improved look without plastic surge
29、ry. Indeed, the growing demand for less expensive, less aggressive beauty procedures - from radio - wave face - lifts to biodegradable breast - fillers - isreshaping the lucrative plastic - surgery industry. In the U. K. , the number of nonsurgical procedures more than doubled from 2006 to 2007, acc
30、ounting for more than 80 percent of the total number of cosmetic operations. Even during the global recession, nonsurgical procedures in the U. K. have risen, albeit (尽管) more modestly, as people seek the more affordable option.What is the main idea of the paragraph? A. Nonsurgical techniques are av
31、ailable for people seeking improved look. B. I will be able to improve my look without undergoing plastic - surgery. C. Nonsurgical procedures have risen despite the global economic recession. D. More and more people are seeking a new and improved look.（分数：3.00）A.B.C.D.11.Since 1939, numerous studie
32、s have been conducted to determine whether smoking is a health hazard. The trend of the evidence has been consistent and indicates that there is a serious health risk. Research teams have conducted studies that show beyond all reasonable doubt that tobacco smoking is associated with a shortened life
33、 expectancy.Cigarette smoking is believed by most research workers in this field to be an important factorin the development of caner of the lungs and cancer of the throat and is believed to be related to cancer of some other organs of the body. Male cigarette smokers have a higher death rate from b
34、ean disease than non-smoking males. Female smokers are thought to be less affected because they do not breathe in the smoke so deeply.Apart from statistics, it might be helpful to look at what smoking tobacco does to the human body. Smoke is a mixture of gases, vaporized chemicals, minute particles
35、of ash and other solids. There is also nicotine, which is powerful poison, and black tar. As smoke is breathed in, all those components from deposits on the membranes of the lungs. One point of concentration is where the air tube and bronchus divides. Most lung cancer begins at this point.Filters an
36、d low tar tobacco are claimed to make smoking to some extent safer, but they can only slightly reduce, not eliminate the hazards.What is the main idea of the passage? A. Smoking is big hazard to health. B. There are ways to make smoking safe. C. Smoking is more hazardous to male smokers than to fema
37、le smokers. D. There are many poisonous chemicals in tobacco.（分数：3.00）A.B.C.D.12.In the aspect of health behavior, the concept of personal choice is very important. According to estimation, around 90 percent of all illnesses may be preventable if individuals would make sound personal health choices
38、on a basis of current medical knowledge. We all enjoy our freedom of choice and do like restrictions when it is in the scope of legal and moral boundaries. The structure of American society allows us to make almost all our own personal decisions that may relate to our health. If we are very eager, w
39、e can smoke, drink excessively, refuse to wear seat belts, eat as we like, and live a completely sedentary life-style without any exercise. The freedom of making such personal decisions is a fundamental aspect of our society, although the wisdom of these decisions can be questioned. Personal choices
40、 related to health often results in a difficulty. For example, a teenager may know the facts concerned smoking cigarettes and health but may be pressured by friends into being believing to do it is socially accepted.A great many factors, both inherited and environmental, have influence on the develo
41、pment of health-related behaviors, and it is beyond the scope of this text to discuss all these factors as they may affect any given individual. The decision to adopt a particular health, related behavior is, however, usually one of personal choices. There are healthy choices and there are unhealthy
42、 choices. When Fries and Crapo were discussing the morals of personal choice, they made a comparison. They suggest that to knowingly give oneself over to a behavior that has a statistical probability of shortening life is similar to attempting suicide. Therefore, for those individuals who are intere
43、sted in preserving both the quality and quantity of life, personal health choices should reflect those behaviors connecting with a statistical probability of increased vitality and longevity.“Sedentary“ most probably means A. active. B. inactive. C. healthy. D. fre（分数：3.00）A.B.C.D.13.NICE uses what
44、it calls “citizens councils“ to help it sort through difficult ethical issues, and one of the decisions the councils have made is that age should not be a factor in the institutes approval process-that is to say, a year of life should be considered as valuable to a 77 - year - old as to a 12 -year-
45、old. In every part of the system, a 77 -year-old has the same access to treatment as anyone else in Britain.“Citizens councils“ can help NICE A. dealing with difficult ethical issues. B. deciding the age at which people should receive proper health care. C. taking care of the old. D. taking care of
46、the youn（分数：3.00）A.B.C.D.14.On Friday, a sociologist from the University of New Hampshire, Murray Straus, presented a paper at the International Conference on Violence, Abuse and Trauma, in San Diego, suggesting that corporal (身体的) punishment does leave a long -lasting mark -in the form of lower IQ.
47、 Straus, who is 83 and has been studying corporal punishment since 1969, found that kids who were physically punished had up to a five - point lower IQ score than kids who werent - the more children were spanked, the lower their IQ-and that the effect could be seen not only in individual children, b
48、ut across entire nations. Among 32 countries Straus studied, in those where spanking was accepted, the average IQ of the survey population was lower than in nations where spanking was rare, the researcher says.According to Straus, physical punishment leaves a permanent mark on the child A. in the fo
49、rm of a lasting scar on the body. B. in the form of lower IQ. C. in the form of mental disorder. D. in the form of violence inclination.（分数：3.00）A.B.C.D.15.Not only is this a deadly way to practice medicine, but its also a breathtakingly expensive one. In 2005 Americans paid out a record 16% of our gross domestic product for health care-a cool $ 2 trillion - making US the worlds top spender on health care per capit a. You might think wed be getting some bang for those bucks, but our leading killer r
