1、职称英语综合类 A 级-11 及答案解析(总分：100.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、B第 1 部分：词汇选项/B(总题数：15，分数：15.00)1.His new girlfriend had omitted to tell him that she was married.（分数：1.00）A.failedB.deletedC.refusedD.rejected2.Its prudent to take a thick coat in cold weather when you go out.（分数：1.00）A.controversialB.reasonableC.sensibleD
2、.sensitive3.The most crucial problem any economic system faces is how to use its scarce resources.（分数：1.00）A.puzzlingB.difficultC.terrifyingD.urgent4.The steadily rising cost of labor on the waterfront has greatly increased the cost of shipping cargo by water.（分数：1.00）A.continuouslyB.quicklyC.excess
3、ivelyD.exceptionally5.His health had deteriorated while he was in prison.（分数：1.00）A.became betterB.became worseC.became strongerD.became weaker6.Smoking is inhibited in public places.（分数：1.00）A.instructedB.inquiredC.forbiddenD.strived7.How can we reduce the risk of cancer?（分数：1.00）A.cut inB.cut down
4、C.cut offD.cut out8.He is said to be suffering from terminal cancer and has asked for euthanasia (安乐死).（分数：1.00）A.acuteB.chronicC.finalD.fatal9.Are you Upositive/U that theres been no mistake?（分数：1.00）A.rationalB.reasonableC.certainD.bound10.During the past ten years there have been dramatic changes
5、 in the international situation.（分数：1.00）A.permanentB.powerfulC.strikingD.practical11.We should contemplated the problem from all sides（分数：1.00）A.deliberatedB.thoughtC.describedD.designed12.The substance can be added to gasoline to accelerate the speed of automobiles.（分数：1.00）A.quickenB.shortenC.loo
6、senD.enlarge13.I felt impelled to tell the truth.（分数：1.00）A.promotedB.inducedC.compelledD.improved14.We should never content ourselves with a little knowledge only.（分数：1.00）A.convinceB.satisfyC.comfortD.benefit15.If you want my advice, you should revise your plan for the trip to Beijing.（分数：1.00）A.c
7、hangeB.exchangeC.enlargeD.encourage二、B第 2 部分：阅读判断/B(总题数：1，分数：7.00)BWhat is Market?/BThe word market is used in a number of ways. There is a stock market and automobile market, a retail market for furniture and a wholesale market for furniture. One person may be going to the market; another may plan
8、to market a product. What, then is a market? A market may be defined as a place where buyers and sellers meet, goods or services are offered for sale, and transfers of ownership occur. A market may also be defined as the demand made by a certain group of potential buyers for a good or service. For i
9、nstance, there is a farm market for petroleum products. The terms market and demand are often used interchangeably; they, may also be used jointly as market demand.These definitions are not sufficiently precise to be useful to us here. For business purposes we define a market as people or organizati
10、ons with wants (needs) to satisfy, money to spend, and the willingness to spend it. Thus in the market demand for any given product or service, there are three factors to consider people or organizations with wants (needs), their purchasing power, and their buying behavior.We shall employ the dictio
11、nary definition of needs: the lack of anything that is required, desired, or useful. We do not limit needs to the narrow physiological requirements of food, clothing and shelter essential for survival. In our discussion the words and wants are used synonymously and interchangeably. In a strict inter
12、pretation, however, needs would refer to such basic physiological requirements as food, clothing, and shelter, while wants would be such basic preferences. However, in our affluent society, little is to be gained by trying to differentiate between the two. Many of us would see as needs some items th
13、at are far beyond food, clothing, and shelter.（分数：7.00）(1).Market can be classified according to what is sold on a market and how goods are sold.（分数：1.00）A.A. Right B.B. Wrong C.C. Not mentioned(2).Sellers prefer the term “market“ while buyers prefer “demand“.（分数：1.00）A.A. Right B.B. Wrong C.C. Not
14、mentioned(3).The definition of market for business purposes involves three factors: buyers, sellers, and goods and services.（分数：1.00）A.A. Right B.B. Wrong C.C. Not mentioned(4).The definition of market for business purpose focuses on purchasers.（分数：1.00）A.A. Right B.B. Wrong C.C. Not mentioned(5).“N
15、eeds“ and “wants“ mean the game in our discussion.（分数：1.00）A.A. Right B.B. Wrong C.C. Not mentioned(6).Strictly speaking, “wants“ refers to peoples emotional needs.（分数：1.00）A.A. Right B.B. Wrong C.C. Not mentioned(7).In our rich society, it is pointless to separate peoples needs from their wants.（分数
16、：1.00）A.A. Right B.B. Wrong C.C. Not mentioned三、B第 3 部分：概括大意与完成句子(总题数：1，分数：8.00)BThe Mir Space Station/BThe Russian Mir Space Station, which came down in 2001 at last after 15 years of pioneering the concept of long-term human space flight, is remembered for its accomplishments in the human space fl
17、ight history. It can be credited with many firsts in space.During Mirs lifetime, Russia spent about USS 4.2 billion to build and maintain the station.The Soviet Union launched Mir, which was designed to last from three to five years, on February 20, 1986, and housed 104 astronauts over 12 years and
18、seven months, most of whom were not Russian. In fact, it became the first international space station by playing host to 62 people from 11 countries. From 1995 through 1998, seven astronauts from the United States took turns living on Mir for up to six months each. They were among the 37 Americans w
19、ho visited the station during nine stopovers by space shuttles.The more than 400 million the United States provided Russian for the visits not only kept Mir operating, but also gave the Americans and their partners in the international station project valuable experience in long-term flight and mult
20、inational operations.A debate continues over Mirs contributions to science. During its existence, Mir was the laboratory for 23,000 experiments and carried scientific equipment, estimated to be worth $ 80 million, from many nations. Experiments on Mir are credited with a range of findings, from the
21、first solid measurement of the ration of heavy helium atoms in space to how to grow wheat in space. But for those favoring human space exploration, Mir showed that people could live and work in space long enough for a trip to Mars. The longest single stay in space is the 437.7 days that Russian astr
22、onaut Valery Polyakov spent on Mir from 1994 to 1995. And Sergie Avdeyev accumulated 747.6 days in space in three trips to the space station. The longest American stay was that of Shannon Lucid, who spent 188 days aboard Mir in 1996.Despite the many firsts Mir accomplished, 1997 was a bad year out o
23、f 15 for Mir. In 1997, an oxygen generator caught fire. Later, the main computer system broke down, causing the station to drift several times and there were power failures.Most of these problems were repaired, with American help and suppliers, but Mirs reputation as a space station was mined.Mirs s
24、etbacks are nothing, though, when we compare them with its accomplishments. Mir was a tremendous success, which will be remembered as a milestone in space exploration and the space station that showed long-term human habitation in space was possible. But its time to move on to the next generation. T
25、he International Space Station being built will be better, but it owes a great debt to Mir.（分数：8.00）(1).Paragraph 4 _（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(2).Paragraph 5 _（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(3).Paragraph 6 _（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(4).Paragraph 8 _（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(5).Mir enhanced the confidence in the scientists that humans living
26、 in space for a long time was_. A. everything（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(6).In Mir, the U.S. astronauts created _.（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(7).When we think of Mir in terms of its achievements, its setbacks are_.（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(8).The writer tends to think that Mir was_.（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_四、B第 4 部分：阅读理解/B(总题数：3，分数：45.00)
27、B第一篇/BBEffects of Environmental Pollution/BScientists watched closely last spring as a haze of pollution, which had been tracked by satellite as it crossed the Pacific Ocean, settled over a large swath of North America from Calgary, Canada, into Arizona. Now it appears that, for the first time. rese
28、archers on both sides of the Pacific took detailed measurements of the same plume, a cloud that contained Gobi desert dust as well as hydrocarbons from industrial pollution.Heather Price, a University of Washington doctoral student in chemistry, found that the amount of light reflected by the partic
29、les in the air was more than 550 per cent greater than normal for that time of year. The mass of Asian air 4 contained elevated levels of all pollutants measured. Price said, “but the only thing that came close to being alarming was the level of particulate matte.“The haze that settled across the we
30、stern part of the country was widely reported by the news media, and it was measured as far inland as the ski slopes of Aspen, Colo.Readings on the western side of the Pacific came from the Aerosol Characterization Experiments, a project aimed at understanding how particles in the atmosphere affect
31、Earths climate. Additional measurements were taken in the same region at the same time under a project sponsored by the National Aeronautics and Space Administration.Knowing the pollution was approaching Washington state, Price loaded sensing equipment aboard a rented Beechcraft on April 14 and flew
32、 to Neah Bay on the states Northwest coast. Taking samples at various levels from 15, 000 feet to 20, 000 feet in altitude, she monitored quantities of dust, ozone, carbon monoxide and hydrocarbons. “From my copilots seat, the dust was thick enough to see with the naked eye.“ Price said.Now shes try
33、ing to correlate her findings with those of the two research teams operating on the other side of the Pacific, where at one point the pollution plume was larger than Japan. The huge size of the cloud showed up clearly in satellite images that gave Price plenty of warning the haze was on its way. “Yo
34、u can see these two blobs coming out of the deserts of Mongolia and growing over Asia, then getting swept out over the ocean and finally setting over North America,“ she said. She intends to continue measuring air samples off the Washington coast and will be looking for air masses with evidence of p
35、ollution originating somewhere other than Asia. “Wed like to see if we can get a signature of pollution coming from Europe because computer models suggest that European sources also can be transported across the Pacific,“ she said. “However, we expect that sources in Europe will contribute less than
36、 Asian sources.“haze n. 霾；烟雾plume n. 羽状物pollutant n. 污染物particulate n. 微粒，颗粒carbon monoxide 一氧化碳copilot n. (飞机)副驾驶员blob n. 粘乎乎的一团；黑糊糊的一堆（分数：15.00）(1).The haze of pollution mentioned in the first paragraph is a cloud _.（分数：3.00）A.of moisture over Calgary, CanadaB.developing over Pacific OceanC.of ind
37、ustrial pollutantsD.of desert dust and hydrocarbons(2).One of the Prices findings (Paragraph 2) about the particles of the air is that_.（分数：3.00）A.they contain more pollutants than normal particlesB.they move much faster in high altitudes than in low altitudesC.they are finer and lighter than normal
38、 particlesD.their ability to reflect light is much than stronger(3).What did Price not do during her research?（分数：3.00）A.She rented a Beechcraft.B.She used her sensing equipment aboard the Beechcraft.C.She collected samples of pollutants on the Northwest coast for further tests.D.She tested quantiti
39、es of chemicals in the air.(4).According to the last paragraph, which of the following statements about the two research teams is TRUE?（分数：3.00）A.The two research teams whose findings Price correlates hers with are based in Asia.B.Price corrects some inaccurate data provided by the two teams operati
40、ng in Asia.C.Price is working with the two research teams in Japan.D.The two teams in Asia volunteer to correlate their findings with Prices.(5).Which of the statements is closest in meaning to the sentence “.,we expect that sources in Europe will contribute less than Asian sources“?（分数：3.00）A.Pollu
41、tion is expected to be less serious in Europe than in Asia.B.Pollution is studied in more depth in Europe than in Asia.C.Pollutants coming from Europe are not the main source of pollution in North America.D.Pollutants coming from Europe are the main source of pollution in North America.B第二篇/BBShrink
42、ing Water Supply Poses Threat to Peace/B“Water, which is essential for life, costs nothing. On the other hand, diamonds, which are essential for nothing, cost a lot.“ Unfortunately, the world has changed considerably since an 18th century economist made this remark.What was true over 200 years ago i
43、s certainly no longer true now, in a number of countries people pay as much for water in their homes as they do for electricity.Like health, we ignore water when we have it unless there are floods, of course. Once there is a threat to our water supply, however, water can quickly become the only thin
44、g that matters. We know only too well that, without water, there can be no life.The situation is now becoming so bad that environmentalist feel it may be necessary to shock the world into saving water in a similar way to the shock caused by the oil crises in the 1970s.At that time, the oil crisis be
45、came such a serious threat to the lives of everyone in the developed countries that it made people conscious of the importance of saving oil and provided powerful encouragement for governments to look for other forms of energy.The result undoubtedly was of major benefit to energy conservation.There
46、is now no longer and unlimited supply of fresh water. About 97 per cent of the planets water is seawater. Another 2 per cent is locked in icecaps and glaciers. There are also reserves of fresh water under the earths surface but these are too deep for us to use economically.Unfortunately, competition
47、 is growing fiercely for what little water is available. It may be a matter of time before that competition becomes a conflict.To make matters worse, the worlds population is increasing so rapidly that it is expected to grow to about 8 billion in 30 years an increase of 60 per cent.Moreover, in many
48、 developed countries throughout the would, flush lavatories and washing machines mean the average person now uses 300 litres of water a day compared with 50 at the beginning of the century.At the other extreme, according to the World Health Organization, one qu0rter of the worlds population still la
49、cks safe drinking water and proper sanitation. Most live in the southern hemisphere, where supplies of fresh water are put in jeopardy through dirty industrial practices, poor irrigation and erosion.The social stability of the world is no longer threatened by global wars, the Cold War, . However, the
