1、职称英语综合类 A级-17 及答案解析(总分：100.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、B第 1部分：词汇选项/B(总题数：15，分数：15.00)1.The children trembled with fear when they saw the policeman.（分数：1.00）A.weptB.criedC.ranD.shook2.She is noted for her generous contribution for the relief of the poor.（分数：1.00）A.chargedB.accusedC.famousD.responsible3.It is sai
2、d the houses along this street will soon be demolished.（分数：1.00）A.pulled downB.pulled upC.pulled offD.pulled in4.We usually choose to play PC games as an amusement.（分数：1.00）A.entertainmentB.profileC.complementD.obedience5.We have got to abide by the rules.（分数：1.00）A.stick toB.persist inC.safeguardD.
3、apply6.I havent entered your name and occupation yet.（分数：1.00）A.distributionB.careerC.argumentD.mineral7.You startled me when you shouted.（分数：1.00）A.threatenedB.frightenedC.interruptedD.troubled8.He rolled up his trouser leg to exhibit his wounded knee.（分数：1.00）A.spreadB.openC.showD.examine9.Supplie
4、s were parachuted into the earthquake zone.（分数：1.00）A.suburbB.valleyC.districtD.pine10.The river widens considerably as it begins to turn east.（分数：1.00）A.extendsB.stretchesC.broadensD.traverses11.The use of the chemical may present a certain hazard to the laboratory workers.（分数：1.00）A.protectionB.in
5、dicationC.immunityD.danger12.He made a summary of what had been done.（分数：1.00）A.outlineB.motionC.documentD.title13.This is a subject that has now moved into the political domain.（分数：1.00）A.extentB.zoneC.areaD.competition14.Long skirts have come into fashion again. Faded jeans are still in fashion to
6、o.（分数：1.00）A.ceremonyB.virtueC.missionD.style15.They agreed to settle the dispute by peaceful means.（分数：1.00）A.solveB.determineC.untieD.complete二、B第 2部分：阅读判断/B(总题数：1，分数：7.00)下面的短文后列出了 7个句子，请根据短文的内容对每个句子做出判断：如果该句提供的是正确信息，请选择 A；如果该句提供的是错误信息，请选择 B；如果该句的信息文中没有提及，请选择 C。American SportsThe United States is
7、 a sports-loving nation. Sports in America take a variety of forms: organized competitive struggles, which draw huge crowds to cheer their favorite team to victory; athletic games, played for recreation anywhere sufficient space is found; and hunting and fishing. Most sports are seasonal, so that wh
8、at is happening in sports depends upon the time of year. Some sports are called spectator sports, as the number of spectators greatly exceeds the number playing in the game.Baseball is the most popular sport in the US. It is played throughout the spring and summer, and professional baseball teams pl
9、ay well into the fall. Although no other game is exactly like baseball, perhaps the one most nearly like it is the English game of cricket.Football is the most popular sport in the fall. The game originated as a college sport more than 75 years ago. It is still played by almost every college and uni
10、versity in the country, and the football stadiums of some of the largest universities seat as many as 80,000 people. The game is not the same as European football or soccer. In American football there are 11 players on each team, and they are dressed in padded uniforms and helmets because the game i
11、s rough and injuries are likely to occur.Basketball is the winter sport in American schools and colleges. Like football, basketball originated in the US and is not popular in other countries. Many Americans prefer it to football because it is played indoors throughout the winter and because it is a
12、faster game. It is a very popular game with high schools, and in more than 20 states, state-wide high school matches are held yearly.Other spectator sports include wrestling, boxing, and horse racing. Although horse-racing fans call themselves sportsmen, the accuracy of the term is questionable, as
13、only the jockeys who ride the horses in the races can be considered athletes. The so-called sportsmen are the spectators, who do “not assemble“ primarily to see the horses race, hut to bet upon the outcome of each race. Gambling is the attraction of horse racing.（分数：7.00）(1).Hunting and fishing are
14、mainly favored by men, young and old, in the US.（分数：1.00）A.ARight B.BWrong C.CNot mentioned(2).Professional baseball teams can continue to play for a long period of time in the fall after the regular baseball seasons of spring and summer.（分数：1.00）A.ARight B.BWrong C.CNot mentioned(3).Baseball shares
15、 many features with the English game of cricket.（分数：1.00）A.ARight B.BWrong C.CNot mentioned(4).Football can be classified as a spectator sport.（分数：1.00）A.ARight B.BWrong C.CNot mentioned(5).Many Americans like basketball better than football because the latter is so harsh that players have to wear s
16、pecial uniforms.（分数：1.00）A.ARight B.BWrong C.CNot mentioned(6).Basketball in American is so popular with universities that nationwide university matches are held yearly.（分数：1.00）A.ARight B.BWrong C.CNot mentioned(7).Horse-racing fans cannot be considered sportsmen because they are spectators whose p
17、rimary interest is gambling.（分数：1.00）A.ARight B.BWrong C.CNot mentioned三、B第 3部分：概括大意与完成句子(总题数：2，分数：8.00)下面的短文后有 2项测试任务：(1)第 23-26题要求从所给的 6个选项中为第 2-5段每段选择 1个最佳标题；(2)第 27-30题要求从所给的 6个选项中为每个句子确定 1个最佳选项。Museums in the Modern World1 Museums have changed. They are no longer places for the privileged few o
18、r for bored vacationers to visit on rainy days. Action and democracy are words used in descriptions of museums now.2 At a science museum in Ontario, Canada, you can feel your hair stand on end as harmless electricity passes through your body. At the Metropolitan Museum of Art in New York City, you c
19、an look at 17th century instruments while listening to their music. At the Modern Museum in Sweden, you can put on costumes provided by the Stockholm Opera. As these examples show, museums are reaching out to new audiences, particularly the young, the poor, and the less educated members of the popul
20、ation. As a result, attendance is increasing.3 More and more, museums directors are realizing that people learn best when they can somehow become part of what they are seeing. In many science museums, for example, there are no guided tours. The visitor is encouraged to touch, listen, operate, and ex
21、periment so as to discover scientific principles for himself. He can have the experience of operating a spaceship or a computer. He can experiment with glass blowing and paper making. The purpose is not only to provide fun but also to help people feel at home in the world of science. The theory is t
22、hat people who do not understand science will probably fear it, and those who fear science will not use it to best advantage. Many museums now provide educational services and childrens departments. In addition to the usual displays, they also offer film showings and dance programs. Instead of being
23、 places that one “should“ visit, they are places to enjoy.4 One cause of all these changes is the increase in wealth and leisure time. Another cause is the rising percentage of young people in the population. Many of these young people are college students or college graduates. They are better educa
24、ted than their parents. They see things in a new and different way. They are not content to stand and look at works of art ; they want art they can participate in. The same is true of science and history. In the US, certain groups who formerly were too poor to care about anything beyond the basic ne
25、eds of daily life are now becoming curious about the world around them. The young people in these groups, like young people in general, have benefited from a better education than their parents received. All these groups, and the rest of the population as well have been influenced by television, whi
26、ch has taught them about other places and other times.5 The effect of all this has been to change existing museums and to encourage, the building of new ones. In the US and Canada alone, there are now more than 6,000 museums, almost twice as many as there were 25 years ago. About half of them are de
27、voted to history, and the rest are evenly divided between the arts and sciences. The number of visitors, according to the American Association of museums, has risen to more than 700 million a year.6 In fact, the crowds of visitors at some museums are creating a major problem. Admission to museums ha
28、s always been either free or very inexpensive, but now some museums are charging entrance fees for the first time or raising their prices. Even when raised, however, entrance fees are generally too low to support a museum, with its usually large building and its highly trained staff.ACauses of Chang
29、esBIncreasing Number of Museums and VisitorsCMuseums Getting Closer to More SpectatorsDMovies Shown in MuseumsE. New Notions about the Management of MuseumsF. Places to Visit（分数：4.00）(1).Paragraph 2 _（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(2).Paragraph 3 _（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(3).Paragraph 4 _（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(4).Paragraph 5 _（
30、分数：1.00）填空项 1:_Ahave higher demands of museumsBare open to more people with different social backgroundCto lengthen their opening hoursDcharge too little for admissionE. have been built and open to publicF. by lowering the admission fees（分数：4.00）(1).Now museums are no longer restricted to the privil
31、eged few, but 1.（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(2).With the development of society, people, especially the young people, 1.（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(3).To meet the needs of society, more museums 1.（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(4).Two major problems for museums are that they have too many visitors and they 1.（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_四、B第 4部分：阅读理
32、解/B(总题数：3，分数：45.00)下面有 3篇短文，每篇短文后有 5道题，每道题后面有 4个选项。请仔细阅读短文并根据短文回答其后面的问题，从 4个选项中选择 1个最佳答案。B第一篇/B“Salty“ Rice Plant Boosts HarvestsBritish scientists are breeding a new generation of rice plants that will be able to grow in soil containing salt water. Their work may enable abandoned farms to become pr
33、oductive once more.Tim Flowers and Tony Yeo, from Sussex Universitys School of Biological Sciences, have spent several years researching how crops, such as rice, could be made to grow in water that has become salty.The pair have recently begun a three-year programme, funded by the Biotechnology and
34、Biological Sciences Research Council, to establish which genes enable some plants to survive salty conditions. The aim is to breed this capability into crops, starting with rice.It is estimated that each year more than 10m hectares(公顷) of agricultural land are lost because salt gets into the soil an
35、d stunts(妨碍生长) plants. The problem is caused by several factors. In the tropics, mangroves(红树林) that create swamps(沼泽) and traditionally formed barriers to sea water have been cut down. In the Mediterranean, a series of droughts have caused the water table to drop, allowing sea water to seep(渗透) in.
36、 In Latin America, irrigation often causes problems when water is evaporated(蒸发) by the heat, leaving salt deposits behind.Excess salt then enters the plants and prevents them functioning normally. Heavy concentrations of minerals in the plants stop them drawing up the water they need to survive.To
37、overcome these problems, Flowers and Yeo decided to breed rice plants that take in very little slat and store what they do absorb in cells that do not affect the plants growth. They have started to breed these characteristics into a new rice crop, but it will take about eight harvests before the res
38、ulting seeds are ready to be considered for commercial use.Once the characteristics for surviving salty soil are known, Flowers and Yeo will try to breed the appropriate genes into all manners of crops and plants. Land that has been abandoned to nature will then be able to bloom again, providing muc
39、h needed food in the poorer countries of the world.（分数：15.00）(1).Which of the following statements about Flowers and Yeo is true?（分数：3.00）A.They are students at Sussex University.B.They are rice breeders.C.They are husband and wife.D.They are colleagues at an institution of higher learning.(2).Flowe
40、rs and Yeo have started a programme _.（分数：3.00）A.to find ways to prevent water pollution.B.to identify genes that promote growth in salty soil.C.to breed rice plants that taste salty.D.to find ways to remove excessive salt from soil.(3).Which of the following is NOT mentioned as a cause of the probl
41、em discussed in the passage?（分数：3.00）A.Natural barriers to sea water have been destroyed.B.The water table has gone down after droughts.C.Sea level has been continuously rising.D.Evaporation of water leaves salt behind(4).The word “affect“ in Paragraph 6 could be best replaced by _.（分数：3.00）A.“influ
42、ence“B.“effect“C.“stop“D.“present“(5).The attitude of the author towards the research project is _.（分数：3.00）A.positiveB.negativeC.suspiciousD.indifferentB第二篇/BWalking Robot Carries a PersonThe first walking robot capable of carrying a person unveiled on Friday in Tokyo, Japan. Its creators at Waseda
43、 University in Tokyo and the Japanese robotics company Tmsuk hope their two-leg-ged creation will one day enable wheel-chair users to climb up and down the stairs and assist the movement of heavy goods over uneven ground.The battery-powered robot, code-named WL-16, is essentially an aluminium chair
44、mounted on two sets of telescopic poles. The poles are bolted to flat plates which act as feet. WL-16 uses 12 actuators (传动装置) to move forwards, backwards and sideways while carrying an adult weighing up to 60 kilograms (130 pounds). The robot can adjust its body and walk smoothly even if the person
45、 it is carrying shifts in the chair. At present it can only step up or down A few millimeters, but the team plans to make it capable of dealing with a normal flight of stairs.“I believe this bipedal (两足的) robot, which I prefer to call a two-legged walking chair rather than a wheel-chair, will eventu
46、ally enable people to go up and down the stairs. “ said Atsuo Takanishi, from Waseda University.“We have had strong robots for some time but usually they have been manipulators, they have not been geared to carrying people around. “ says Ron Arkin, at the Georgia Institute of Technology and robotics
47、 consultant for Sony. “But I dont know how safe and how user-friendly WL-16 is. “Tmsuk chief executive Yoichi Takamoto argues that bipedal or multi-legged robots will be more useful than so-called “caterpillar (毛毛虫)models“ for moving over uneven ground.WL-16s normal walking step measures 30 centimet
48、ers, but it can stretch its legs to 136 cm a part. The prototype (原型) is currently radio-controlled, but the research team plans to equip it with a stick-like controller for the user in future. Takanishi said it will take “at least two years“ to develop the WL-16 prototype into a working model.Small
49、er, ground-hugging (紧贴地面行走的) robots have been developed to pass across tricky ground. One maggot-like (像蛆一样的) device uses a magnetic fluid to pulse its way along, while another snake-like robot uses smart software to devise new movement strategies if the landscape affects any one part. One ball-shaped robot even uses a leap-and-bounce approach to
