1、职称英语综合类 A级-20 及答案解析(总分：100.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、第 1部分：词汇选项(总题数：15，分数：15.00)1.Purchasing the new production line will be a profitable deal for the company. A. beneficial B. tremendous C. forceful D. favorable（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.2.This kind of animals is on the verge of dying out. A. drying up B. extinction C
2、. dying off D. distinction（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.3.The parents always restrain their daughter from swimming in the nearby pool. A. allow B. reduce C. prevent D. confine（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.4.As a good student, you have to follow the school rules. A. reply to B. apply for C. abide with D. comply with（分数：1.00）A
3、.B.C.D.5.She is notable for her generous contribution for the relief of the poor. A. guilt B. accused C. famous D. responsible（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.6.The police have conducted the exhaustive investigation for this murdering. A. important B. tired C. thorough D. careful（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.7.He finally succee
4、ded in carrying out his plan owing to his hard -working. A. due to B. adapting to C. considering D. suiting（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.8.He doesnt like the children who are prone to telling a lie. A. reliable B. liable C. promising D. declined（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.9.We are disappointed to find out that he has made
5、a fatal mistake. A. crucial B. foolish C. stupid D. big（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.10.His new movie depicts an ambitious American. A. writes B. sketches C. describes D. indicates（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.11.People name this street Bill Street in honor of the famous general. A. respecting B. memorizing C. in term of D.
6、in view of（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.12.They are endeavoring to reform the present rules. A. trying B. working C. doing D. making（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.13.It is said the houses along this street will soon be pulled down. A. demolished B. construct C. pulled off D. pulled in（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.14.The teacher asked us t
7、o submit the reports before next Monday. A. hand in B. hand out C. hand on D. hand back（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.15.His idea to solve the problem is really original. A. creative B. great C. practical D. perfect（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.二、第 2部分：阅读判断(总题数：1，分数：7.00)Air Pollution Cloud Measured on Both Sides of PacificSc
8、ientists watched closely last spring as a haze of pollution, which had been tracked by satellite as it crossed the Pacific Ocean, settled over a large swath of North America from Calgary, Canada, into Arizona. Now it appears that, for the first time, researchers on both sides of the Pacific took det
9、ailed measurements of the same plume, a could that contained Gobi dessert dust as well as hydrocarbons (碳氢化合物) from industrial pollution.Heather Price, a University of Washington doctoral student in chemistry, found that the amount of light reflected by the particles in the air was more than 550 per
10、cent greater than normal for that time of year. The mass of Asian air contained elevated levels of all pollutants measured. Price said,“but the only thing that came close to being alarming was the level of particulate matter. “The haze that settled across the western part the the country was widely
11、reported by the news media, and it was measured as far inland as the ski slopes of Aspen, Colo.Readings on the western side of the Pacific came from the Aerosol Characterization Experiments, a project aimed at understanding how particles in the atmosphere affect Earths climate. Additional measuremen
12、ts were taken in the same region at the same time under a project sponsored by the National Aeronautics and Space Administration.Knowing the pollution was approaching Washington state, Price loaded sensing equipment aboard a rented Beechcraft on April 14 and flew to Neah Bay on the states Northwest
13、coast. Taking samples at various levels from 15,000 feet to 20,000 feet in altitude, she monitored 10 quantities of dust, ozone, carbon monoxide and hydrocarbons. “From my copilots seat, the dust was thick enough to see with the naked eye,“ Price said.Now she s trying to correlate her findings with
14、those of the two research teams operating on the other side of the Pacific, where at one point the pollution plume was larger than Japan. The huge size of the cloud showed up clearly in satellite images that gave Price plenty of warning the haze was on its way. “You can see these two blobs coming ou
15、t of the deserts of Mongolia and growing over Asia, then getting swept out over the ocean and finally setting over North America,“ she said. She intends to continue measuring air samples off the Washington coast and will be looking for air masses with evidence of pollution originating somewhere othe
16、r than Asia. “Wed like to see if we can get a signature of pollution coming from Europe because computer models suggest that European sources also can be transported across the pacific,“ she Said. “However, we expect that sources in Europe will contribute less than Asian sources. /（分数：7.00）(1).The h
17、aze of pollution is a cloud of desert dust and hydrocarbons.（分数：1.00）A.RightB.WrongC.Not mentioned(2).Heather Price found that the particles of the air are lighter than normal particles.（分数：1.00）A.RightB.WrongC.Not mentioned(3).Two projects are taken to understand how particles in the atmosphere aff
18、ect Earths climate.（分数：1.00）A.RightB.WrongC.Not mentioned(4).Heather Price studied all kinds of samples at various levels from 15,000 feet to 20,000 feet.（分数：1.00）A.RightB.WrongC.Not mentioned(5).The dust in the atmosphere was so thick that Price could not see with her eyes.（分数：1.00）A.RightB.WrongC.
19、Not mentioned(6).The cloud originated from Mongolia, grew over Asia and the Pacific, and finally arrived in North Americ（分数：1.00）A.A. RightB. WrongC. Not mentioned(7).Heather Price will spend more time studying air masses from Europe later.（分数：1.00）A.RightB.WrongC.Not mentioned三、第 3部分：概括大意与完成句子(总题数：
20、2，分数：8.00)Transport and Trade1 Transport is one of the aids to trade. By moving goods from places where they are plentiful to places where they are scarce, transport adds to their value. The more easily goods can be brought over the distance that separates producer and consumer, the better for trade
21、. When there were no railways, no good roads, no canals, and only small sailing ships, trade was on a small scale.2 The great advances made in transport during the last two hundred years were accompanied by a big increase in trade. Bigger and faster ships enabled a trade in meat to develop between B
22、ritain and New Zealand, for instance. Quicker transport makes possible mass - production and big business, drawing supplies from, and selling goods to, all parts of the globe. Big factories could not exist without transport to carry the large number of workers they need to and from their homes. Big
23、city stores could not have developed unless customers could travel easily from the suburbs and goods delivered to their homes. Big cities could not survive unless food could be brought from a distance.3 Transport also prevents waste. Much of the fish landed at the ports would be wasted if it could n
24、ot be taken quickly to inland towns. Transport has given us a much greater variety of foods and goods since we no longer have to live off what is produced locally. Foods which at one time could be obtained only during a part of the year can now be obtained all through the year. Transport has raised
25、the standard of living.4 By moving fuel, raw materials, and even power, for example, through electric cables, transport has led to the establishment of industries and trade in areas where they would have been impossible before. Districts and countries can concentrate on making things which they can
26、do better and more cheaply than others and can then exchange them with one another. The cheaper and quicker transport becomes, the longer the distance over which goods can profitably be carried. Countries with poor transport have a lower standard of living.5 Commerce requires not only the moving of
27、goods and people but also the carrying of messages and information. Means of communication, like telephones, cables and radio, send information about prices, supplies, and changing conditions in different parts of the world. In this way, advanced communication systems also help to develop trade. A.
28、Higher living standard B. Importance of transport in trade C. Various means of transport D. Birth of transport - related industries and trade E. Role of information in trade F. Public transportation（分数：4.00）(1).Paragraph 2 _（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(2).Paragraph 3 _（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(3).Paragraph 4 _（分数：1.00）填
29、空项 1:_(4).Paragraph 5 _（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_ A. to send goods to various parts of the world B. at any time during the year C. has greatly promoted trade D. is it possible to produce on a large scaleE the transport of goodsF. it is possible to produce on a large scale（分数：4.00）(1).The development of modem
30、means of transport _.（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(2).Only when goods can be carried to all parts of the world quickly _.（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(3).Transport has made it possible for people to eat whatever food they want _.（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(4).In the trade of modem society the transmission of information plays as import
31、ant a role as _.（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_四、第 4部分：阅读理解(总题数：0，分数：0.00)五、第一篇(总题数：1，分数：15.00)The Anti -Alcohol Campaign Tries in RussiaLast week Russian President Dmitry Medvedev kicked off a new anti - alcohol campaign aimed at cutting the nations per capita consumption of alcohol by nearly a quarter by 2012.Ru
32、ssians currently drink about 18 liters ( 19 quarts) a year, more than double the 8 liters (8.4 quarts) deemed safe by the World Health Organization (WHO). With each additional liter, adds the WHO, men can subtract 11 months from their average life expectancy.The latest move consists of three parts:
33、a media campaign, restrictions on beer consumption, and strict penalties for selling to minors. Russian officials plan to set up more than 500 health centers by the end of the year, complete with Soviet - era tactics like drawings of cirrhosis - stricken livers on their walls.Even with such aggressi
34、ve measures, its hardly the most ambitious campaign Russians has ever launched against drinking. Former leader Mikhail Gorbachev got alcohol sales to decline by 60 percent. Three years agom, a group of young Russians organized a sort of vigilante vice squad to single out and shame merchants who sold
35、 alcohol to minors. Supported by the Moscow city administration, the Solar Circle movement, as they called themselves, held rallies, and slapped leaflets on the shop doors of guilty establishments. They piqued media interest at first, but the momentum soon fizzled.Some critics say that, while admira
36、ble, it hardly addresses the biggest culprit of all : vodka. “The main problem is the availability of hard liquor, “says Aleksandr Nemtsov, a top Russian expert on alcohol policy. Some 70 percent of alcohol consumption in Russia is of the hard stuff, primarily vodka.One attempt, tried in the mid- 19
37、90s ,substituted beer as a less intoxicating non- liquor alternative. Instead. “beer has become a gateway opening the way to alcoholism for teenagers,“ says Oleg Zykov, a member of the Public Chamber. The earlier people start down that route, the more likely they are to end up grappling with alcohol
38、ism problems later.Still, for now, Russians seem to support the governments new approach. As the National Center for the Study of Public Opinion reported last week. 65 percent of the population say they are in favor the new measuresespecially those that restrict alcohol sales to those under 21. (Rig
39、ht now, the drinking age is 18. )（分数：15.00）(1).According to the apassage ,what is the main aim to carry out the anti -alcohol movement?（分数：3.00）A.To limit the expenditure on drinking.B.To restraint the development of beverage industry.C.To lead people to drink less alcohol beverage.D.To show governm
40、ents concern about public healt(2).What amount of drinking is perceived as safe for human health?（分数：3.00）A.4 quarts a month.B.8 quarts a year.C.11 quarts a month.D.19 quarts a year.(3).Which one of the following measures is not mentioned about in the third paragraph?（分数：3.00）A.To prevent the advert
41、isements of drinking being played on TV.B.To limit the amount of beer that can be consumed.C.To impose a severe penalty on selling alcohol to minors.D.To set up health centers decorated with drawings of cirrhosis - stricken livers.(4).What description about the Solar Circle movement is right?（分数：3.0
42、0）A.The Solar Circle is now activity taking part in the latest anti - alcohol campaign.B.They put leaflets on the door of shops who sold alcohol drinking to minors.C.They attracted the media greatly, and their activity lasted for a long time.D.Without the support form local government, their movemen
43、t was confronted with many obstacles.(5).Which one of the following statements can not be inferred from the passage?（分数：3.00）A.More than half of the population support that the legal age for alcohol consumption should be raised up to 21.B.People who start drinking at a younger age will more likely t
44、o become alcohol addicts.C.Russian like vodka most, for every year 30 percent of alcohol consumption is vodaka.D.To substitue beer as a drinking alternative is, at the same time, to make alcohol drinking a- vailable to more young peopl六、第二篇(总题数：1，分数：15.00)Who Wrote Frankenstein?It began as a game to
45、 pass the time while the rain fell and lightning struck. Visiting Switzerland in June 1816, a small groupyoung, amorous and ever so literaryagreed to a ghost -story -writing contest. Mary Wollstonecraft Godwin, just 18, could come up with nothing at first. Then she had a nightmarea walking corpse, g
46、limmering yellow eyes. It delighted her. The next day, she announced to the others that she had imagined a story. Frankenstein was born.Two years later Frankenstein; or, the Modem Prometheus was published anonymously. Some readers guessed the author was the poet Percy Shelley, who had written the no
47、vels preface. Those who knew that the author was Percys (by then) wife, Mary Shelley, were amazed. In an introduction to a revised 1831 edition, she told the Gothic tale of the ghost- story contest. (Percy, Lord Byron, John Polidori, and Marys stepsister, Claire, were the others present. ) As for Pe
48、rcy, she“ certainly did not owe the suggestion of one incident, nor scarcely of one train of feeling“ in the book, but she did depend upon his encouragement and more.The question of whether Mary Mone wrote the novel, however, would not die. The answer matters, and not only because scholars who once
49、regarded Frankenstein as merely a potboiler now consider it a progenitor of science fiction, a monument of Romantic literature, and a landmark text in gender studies. The answer matters because Frankenstein so beautifully explores the consequences of living and working in isolation. After cloistering himself to bring dead flesh to lif
