1、职称英语综合类 A级-2 及答案解析(总分：100.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、B第 1部分：词汇选项/B(总题数：15，分数：15.00)1.His novel depicts an ambitious American.（分数：1.00）A.writesB.sketchesC.describesD.indicates2.The curious look from the strangers around her made her feel uneasy.（分数：1.00）A.difficultB.worriedC.anxiousD.unhappy3.The local governme
2、nt decided to merge the two firms into a big one.（分数：1.00）A.motivateB.combineC.compactD.nominate4.The room was furnished with the simplest essentials, a bed, a chair, and a table.（分数：1.00）A.suppliedB.gatheredC.graspedD.made5.We derive knowledge mainly from books.（分数：1.00）A.depriveB.obtainC.descendD.
3、trace6.He is assigned to oversee the production of the assembly lines.（分数：1.00）A.superviseB.watchC.suspectD.predict7.He has a very outgoing personality and makes Mends very easily.（分数：1.00）A.capacityB.characterC.realityD.attitude8.He emphasized a feasible plan which can be accepted by the both sides
4、分数：1.00）A.favorableB.possibleC.formalD.genuine9.He decided to overcome his shortcomings.（分数：1.00）A.convertB.convictC.conquerD.convey10.When does the next train depart?（分数：1.00）A.pull upB.pull downC.pull outD.pull in11.Soldiers have to obey orders.（分数：1.00）A.reply toB.apply forC.abide withD.comply
5、with12.He has a passionate interest in music.（分数：1.00）A.enthusiasticB.perfectC.practicalD.funny13.The conference explored the possibility of closer trade links.（分数：1.00）A.rejectedB.investigatedC.proposedD.postponed14.The town is notable for its beautiful scenery in winter.（分数：1.00）A.similarB.promptC
6、profoundD.famous15.She wore a gorgeous Victorian gown which was said to be worth thousands of dollars.（分数：1.00）A.beautyB.splendidC.expensiveD.simple二、B第 2部分：阅读判断/B(总题数：1，分数：7.00)BIn the Global Economy/BMost nations today regardless of their degree of economic development or their political philosop
7、hies m recognize the importance of marketing. Indeed, economic growth in developing nations depends greatly on the ability to design effective marketing systems for their raw materials and industrial output.Today, a global marketplace is emerging. In many ( perhaps most ) national markets, companies
8、 for numerous countries compete aggressively.Consider the US market for example. Until the late 1970s, the United States provided a large domestic market for American firms, and there was no significant foreign competition in most industries in that market. But the picture changed dramatically throu
9、gh the 1980s as foreign firms improved their products and their marketing expertise, and then successfully entered the American market. Many imported products have achieved large sales m office equipment, autos, apparels, watches, semiconductors, and consumer electronics for example. As a result the
10、 United States has been running large annual trade deficits, meaning that imports greatly exceed exports.In the early 1980s, the competition facing US firms came primarily from Japanese companies. Later, companies in the four “Asian tigers“ added to competitive pressures. In the 1990s, continuing co
11、mpetition from these Pacific Rim countries and regions will be augmented by a new challenge from Western Europe. Starting in 1992, the 12-nation European community will eliminate internal trade barriers and adopt uniform technical, financial, and marketing standards. A more integrated European Commu
12、nity will open major marketing opportunities for internationally minded US firms, but at the same time, it is expected to stiffen competition.More and more American firms many large ones and even some rather small ones - are moving into foreign markets. Many companies are concluding that achieving p
13、rofit and growth objectives is most likely through a combination of domestic and international marketing rather than sole reliance on domestic marketing.（分数：7.00）(1).Economic growth in developing nations depends more on the ability, to design effective marketing systems than the developed nations.（分
14、数：1.00）A.A. Right B.B. Wrong C.C. Not mentioned(2).A global marketplace means fierce competition among companies.（分数：1.00）A.A. Right B.B. Wrong C.C. Not mentioned(3).In the 1980s, foreign firms entered the American domestic market by offering their products at a price much lower than that of the pro
15、ducts produced by American firms.（分数：1.00）A.A. Right B.B. Wrong C.C. Not mentioned(4).The US has been importing much more goods than what it has been exporting.（分数：1.00）A.A. Right B.B. Wrong C.C. Not mentioned(5).In the 1990s, according to the passage, western European countries will displace Japan
16、and the four “Asian tigers“ as the major source of competition for US firms.（分数：1.00）A.A. Right B.B. Wrong C.C. Not mentioned(6).A further integration of European Community may bring more US competitors into the market of its member nations.（分数：1.00）A.A. Right B.B. Wrong C.C. Not mentioned(7).Many A
17、merican companies are seeking co-operation with foreign companies so as to promote foreign marketing.（分数：1.00）A.A. Right B.B. Wrong C.C. Not mentioned三、B第 3部分：概括大意与完成句子(总题数：1，分数：8.00)BHow Did English Become a Global Language/BThe rise of English is a remarkable tale as Professor David Crystal remind
18、s us in his attractive, short book English as a Global Language.It is certainly quite a theme. When Julius Caesar landed in Britain more than 2,000 years ago, English did not exit. Five hundred years later, English, virtually incomprehensible to modem ears, was probably spoken by about as few people
19、 as currently speak Cherokee, the language of a small North American Indian tribe and with as little influence. About 1,000 years later, at the end of the 16th century, and after the Norman Conquest, the reformation and the arrival of commercial printing technology, English was the native speech of
20、between 5 million and 7 million people. And yet now look at it. As the second millennium approaches, English is more widely scattered, more widely spoken and written than any other language has ever been. In the title of the book it has become a truly global language. According to David Crystal, abo
21、ut 2.09 billion people, well over one-third of the worlds population are routinely exposed to it.As he rightly points out, what is impressive about this staggering figure is “not so much the grand total but the speed with which the expansion has taken place since the 1950s. In 1950, the case for Eng
22、lish as a world language would have been no more than plausible. Fifty years on and the case is virtually won.“So what happened?Someone once said that a language is a dialect with an army and a navy. In other words, when the British navy set out to conquer the world, it set out an “army“ of English
23、speakers. As the Britishempire spread throughout the world, English became the basis of law, commerce and education. The British empire was succeeded by another (the American), which shared virtually the same linguistic heritage. American English, which has become the rocket-fuel of the English lang
24、uage, has magically found its way into areas undreamed of 40, let alone 400 years ago.The most valuable part of Crystals study is the section devoted to a speedy analysis of the cultural basis of this global reach, notably the influence of broadcasting, press, advertising, popular music and film. He
25、 is also up-to-date and informative in his identification of the World-Wide-Wed as a powerful reinforce of American cultural and linguistic dominance.One of his most interesting passages concerns the role played by the League of Nations, and later the United Nations, in spreading English as an inter
26、national language in the aftermath of the two world wars.What does the future hold? To this question, Crystal proposes the. recognition of a new form of English WSSE (World Standard Spoken English) which almost by definition rules out the possibility that English would fragment into mutually unintel
27、ligible languages as Latin once did. “English, in some shape or form, will find itself in the service of the world community forever,“ Crystal writes.（分数：8.00）(1).Paragraph 2 _（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(2).Paragraph 3 _（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(3).Paragraph 5 _（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(4).Paragraph 6 _（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(5).The k
28、ind of English spoken 1,500 years ago was so different from the English we speak today _.（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(6).What impresses people most is not the increasing number of speakers of English found over the world _ the language spreaded in the past half century or so.（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(7).The two internat
29、ional organizations founded after the two world wars made their contribution _.（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(8).Crystal expresses the belief that in the future _ will not happen to English.（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_四、B第 4部分：阅读理解/B(总题数：3，分数：45.00)B第一篇/BBEffects of Environmental Pollution/BIf pollution continues to increase
30、 at the present rate, formation of aerosols (浮质) in the atmosphere will cause the onset (开始) of an ice age in about fifty years time. This conclusion reached by Dr S. I. Rasoo1 and Dr S. H. Scheider of the United States Goddard Space Flight Center, answer the apparently conflicting questions of whet
31、her an increase in the carbon dioxide (二氧化碳) content of the atmosphere will cause the Earth warm up or increasing the aerosol question is dominant.Two specters haunting conservationists have been the prospect that environmental pollution might lead to the planets becoming unbearably hot or cold. One
32、 of these ghosts has now been laid, because it seems that even an increase in the amount of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere to eight times its present value will produce an increase in temperature of only 2, which would take place over several thousand years. But the other problem now looms larger
33、than ever.Aerosols are collection of small liquid or solid particles dispersed in air or some other medium. The particles are all so tiny that each is composed of only a few hundred atoms. Because of this they can float in the air for a very long time. Perhaps the most commonly experienced aerosol i
34、s industrial smog (烟雾) of the kind that plagued London in the 1950s and is an even greater problem in Los Angeles today. These collections of aerosols reflect the Suns heat and thereby cause the Earth to cool.Dr Rasoo1 and Dr Schneider have calculated the exact effect of a dust aerosol layer just ab
35、ove the Earths surface in the temperature of the planet. As the layer builds up, the present delicate balance between the amount of heat absorbed from the Sun and the amount radiated from the Earth is disturbed. The aerosol layer not only reflects much of the Suns light but also transmits the infrar
36、ed (红外线) radiation from below. So, while the heat input to surface drops, the loss of heat remains high until the planet cools to a new balanced state.Within fifty years, if no steps are taken to stop the spread of aerosols in the atmosphere, a cooling of the Earth by as much as 3.5C seems inevitabl
37、e. If that lasts for only a few years it would start another ice age, and because the growing ice caps at each pole would themselves reflect much of the Suns radiation it would probably continue to develop even if the aerosol layer were destroyed.The only bright spot in this gloomy forecast lies in
38、the hope expressed by Dr Rasoo1 and Dr Schneider that nuclear powder may replace fossil fuels in time to prevent the aerosol content of atmosphere from becoming critical.（分数：15.00）(1).The authors main purpose in writing the article is to warn of_.（分数：3.00）A.warm weatherB.hot weatherC.a new ice ageD.
39、a new iceberg(2).The word “specters“ in the second paragraph is closest in meaning to _.（分数：3.00）A.“pollution“B.“carbon dioxide“C.“aerosols“D.“ghosts“(3).We learn from the third paragraph that_.（分数：3.00）A.London was plagued with rats in the 1950s.B.London is covered with smog today.C.London was poll
40、uted by smog in the 1950s.D.Los Angeles is as heavily polluted today as London was in the 1950s.(4).What will happen if the dust aerosol layer develops?（分数：3.00）A.The earth will get extremely hot.B.The balance between the amount of heat absorbed from the Sun and the amount lost could hardly be maint
41、ained.C.The light of the Sun could no longer reach the surface of the Earth.D.Infrared radiation could no longer be transmitted from the Earth to outer space.(5).The only way to stop the spread of aerosols in the atmosphere, according to Dr Rasool and Dr Schneider, is to use_.（分数：3.00）A.fossil fuels
42、B.electric powerC.nuclear energyD.coal powerB第二篇/BBUnderground Coal Fires a Looming Catastrophe/BCoal burning deep underground in China, India and Indonesia is threatening the environment and human life, scientists have warned. These large-scale underground blazes cause the ground temperature to hea
43、t up and kill surroundings vegetation, produce greenhouse gases and can even ignite forest fires, a panel of scientists told the annual meeting of the American Association for the Advancement of Science in Denver. The resulting release of poisonous elements like arsenic and mercury can also pollute
44、local water sources and soils, they warned.“Coal fires are a global catastrophe,“ said Associate Professor Glenn Stracher of East Georgia College in Swainsboro, USA. But surprisingly few people know about them.Coal can heat up on its own, and eventually catch fire and burn, if there is a continuous
45、oxygen supply. The heat produced is not caused to disappear and under the right combinations of sunlight and oxygen, can trigger spontaneous catching fire and burning. This can occur underground, in coal stockpiles, abandoned mines or even as coal is transported. Such fires in China consume up to 20
46、0 million tones of coal per year, delegates were told. In comparison, the US economy consumes about one billion tons of coal annually, said Stracher, whose analysis of the likely impact of coal fires has been accepted for publication in the International Journal of Coal Ecology, once underway, coal
47、fires can burn for decades, even centuries. In the process, they release large volumes of greenhouse gases; poisonous gases fumes and black particles in to the atmosphere.The members of the panel discussed the impact these fires may be having on global and regional climate change, and agreed that th
48、e underground nature of the fires makes them difficult to protect. One of the members of the panel, Assistant Professor Paul Van Dijk of the International Institute for Geo-Information Science and Earth Observation in the Netherlands, has been working with the Chinese government to detect and monito
49、r fires in the northern regions of the country.Ultimately, the remote sensing and other techniques should allow scientists to estimate how much carbon dioxide theses fires are emitting. One suggested method of containing the fires was presented by Cary Colaozzi, of the engineering firm Goodson, which has d
