1、职称英语综合类 B 级-47 及答案解析(总分：105.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、第 1 部分：词汇选项(总题数：15，分数：15.00)1.We had a long conversation about her parents.A. talk B. speechC. debate D. discussion（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.2.Eleanor Roosevelts dedication to humanitarian causes won her affection and honor at home and abroad.Aon the air Bhencefort
2、h Cnearby Din foreign countries（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.3.A will is a document written to ensure that the wishes of the deceased (已故的) are realized.A. fulfilled B. accepted C. adopted D. received（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.4.He achieved success through hard work.A. reached B. attained C. reaped D. took（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D
3、.5.Many tourists are attracted to the New England states by the autumn foliage.Aweather Bleaves Cfestivals Dharvest（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.6.The economy continued to exhibit signs of decline in September.Aplay BshowCsend Dtell（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.7.It was a fascinating painting, with clever use of color and li
4、ght.A. new B. familiar C. large D. wonderful（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.8.Since the Great Depression, the United States government has protected farmers from damaging drops in grain prices.Aslight BsurprisingCsudden Dharmful（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.9.There should be laws that prohibit smoking around children.A. forbid
5、 B. advocateC. inherit D. withdraw（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.10.The boys were charmed by the sailors tales of adventure.A. bewildered B. attractedC. distracted D. diverted（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.11.They are endeavoring to reform the present rules.A. trying B. working C. doing D. making（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.12.Charges for
6、 local telephone calls are outrageous.A. unheard of B. unacceptable C. unbelievable D. ridiculous（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.13.We must abide by the rules. A. stick to B. persist in C. safeguard D. apply（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.14.In the latter case the outcome can be serious indeed.A. result B. judgment C. decision D
7、. event（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.15.The newly bought car brings nothing but trouble.A. nearly B. quickly C. generally D. only（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.二、第 2 部分：阅读判断(总题数：1，分数：7.00)In Sports, Red is the Winning ColorWhen opponents of a game are equally matched, the team dressed in red is more likely to win, according t
8、o a new study.British anthropologists Russell Hill and Robert Barton of the University of Durham reached that conclusion by studying the outcomes of one-on-one boxing, tae kwon do, Greco-Roman-wresting, and freestyle-wrestling matches at the 2004 Summer Olympics in Athens, Greece.In each event Olymp
9、ic staff randomly assigned red or blue clothing or body protection to competitors. When otherwise equally matched with their opponent in fitness and skill, athletes wearing red were more likely to win the bout.“Where there was a large point differencepresumably because one contestant was far superio
10、r to the othercolor had no effect on the outcome,“ Barton said. “Where there was a small point difference, the effect of color was sufficient to tip the balance.“In equally matched bouts, the preponderance of red wins was great enough that it could not be attributed to chance, the anthropologists sa
11、y. Hill and Barton found similar results in a review of the colors worn at the Euro 2004 international soccer tournament. Their report will be published in tomorrows issue of the journal Nature.Joanna Setchell, a primate researcher at the University of Cambridge in England, has found similar results
12、 in nature. Her work with the large African monkeys known as mandrills shows that red coloration gives males an advantage when it comes to mating.The finding that red also has an advantage in human sporting events does not surprise her, adding that “the idea of the study is very clever.“Hill and Bar
13、ton got the idea for their study out of a mutual interest in the evolution of sexual signals in primates“red seems to be the color, across species, that signals male dominance and testosterone levels,“ Barton said.For example, studies by Setchell, the Cambridge primate researcher, show that dominant
14、 male mandrills have increased red coloration in their faces and rumps. Another study by other scientists shows that red plastic rings experimentally placed on the legs of male zebra finches increase the birds dominance.Barton said he and Hill speculated some speculated that “there might be a simila
15、r effect in humans. And if so, it could be apparent in sporting contests.“The pair say their results indicate that sexual selection may have influenced the evolution of humans response to color.Setchell, the primatologist, agrees. “As Hill and Barton say, humans redden when we are angry and pale whe
16、n were scared. These are very important signals to other individuals,“ she said.The advantage of red may be intuitively known, judging from the prevalence of red uniforms in sports“though it is clearly not very widely appreciated, on a conscious level at least,“ Barton said.He adds that the finding
17、of reds advantage might have implications for regulations that govern sporting attire. In the Olympic matches he surveyed for the new study, for example, it is possible some medal winners may have reached the pedestal with an unintended advantage.“That is the implication, though we cannot say that i
18、t made the difference in any one specific case,“ Barton said.Meanwhile, Setchell notedtongue-in-cheekthat a red advantage may not be limited to sports. “Going by the recent U.S. election results, red is indeed quite successful,“ she said.（分数：7.00）(1).Both Hill and Barton wanted to find out if color
19、affects the outcome of sports matched.A. Right B. Wrong C. Not mentioned（分数：1.00）A.B.C.(2).Hill and Barton are both interested in primates.A. Right B. Wrong C. Not mentioned（分数：1.00）A.B.C.(3).Male mandrills use yellow coloration to attract a mate.A. Right B. Wrong C. Not mentioned（分数：1.00）A.B.C.(4).
20、Red is not an advantage for zebra finches.A. Right B. Wrong C. Not mentioned（分数：1.00）A.B.C.(5).The red plastic rings were left on the finches permanently.A. Right B. Wrong C. Not mentioned（分数：1.00）A.B.C.(6).Hill and Barton believe athletes in red are more likely to win.A. Right B. Wrong C. Not menti
21、oned（分数：1.00）A.B.C.(7).Many athletes oppose the new regulations on sports uniforms.A. Right B. Wrong C. Not mentioned（分数：1.00）A.B.C.三、第 3 部分：概括大意与完成句子(总题数：2，分数：12.00)1 From Buckingham Palace to Oxford, the UK is loaded with wonderful icons (标志)of past eras. But it has also modernized with confidence
22、. Its now better known for vibrant (充满活力的) cities with great nightlife and attraction. Fashions, fine dining, clubbing, shopping-the UK is among the worlds best.2 Most people have strong preconceptions about the British. But if youre one of these people, youd be wise to abandon those ideas. Visit a
23、nightclub in one of the big cities, a football match, or a good local pub and you might more readily describe the English people as humorous and hospitable. Its certainly true that no other country in the world has more bird-watchers, sports supporters, pet owners and gardeners than the UK.3 Getting
24、 around England is pretty easy. Budget(廉价的)airlines like Easy jet and Rynnair fly domestically. Trains can deliver you very efficiently from one major city to another. Long distance express buses are called coaches. Where coaches and buses run on the same route, coaches are more expensive (though qu
25、icker) than buses. Londons famous black cabs are excellent but expensive. Minicabs are cheaper competitors, with freelance(个体的)drivers. But usually you need to give a call first. Londons underground is called the Tube. Its very convenient and can get you to almost any part of the city.4 The UK is no
26、t famous for its food. But you still need to know some of the traditional English foods. The most famous must be fish and chips. The fish and chips are deep fried in flour, English breakfast is something you need to try. It is fried bacon, sausages, fried eggs, black pudding, fried tomatoes, fried b
27、read and baked beans, with toast and a pot of tea. Other things like shepherds pie and Yorkshire pudding are also well-known as a part of English food culture.5 Pubbing and clubbing are the main forms of English nightlife, especially for the young. Pubbing means going to a pub with friends, having d
28、rinks, and chatting. Clubbing is different from pubbing and includes going to a pub, or a place of music, or a bar, or any other places to gather with friends. Clubbing can be found everywhere. Usually there is some kind of dress code for clubbing, such as no jeans, no sportswear, or smart clubwear,
29、 while pubbing is much more casual.AEducationBPeopleCTransportDDrinksE. FoodF. Nightlife（分数：4.00）(1).Paragraph 2_（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(2).Paragraph 3_（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(3).Paragraph 4_（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(4).Paragraph 5_（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_Ford1 Fords great strength was the manufacturing processnot invention. Long
30、 before he started a car company, he was a worker, known for picking up pieces of metal and wire and turning them into machines. He started putting cars together in 1891. Although it was by no means the first popular automobile, the Model T showed the world just how creative Ford was at combining te
31、chnology and market.2 The companys assembly line alone threw Americas Industrial Revolution into overdrive (高速运转). Instead of having workers put together the entire car, Fords friends, who were great toolmakers from Scotland, organized teams that added parts to each Model T as it moved down a line.
32、By the time Fords Highland Park plant was humming (嗡嗡作响) along in 1914, the worlds first automatic conveyor belt could turn out a car every 93 minutes.3 The same year Henry Ford shocked the world with the $5-a-day minimum wage scheme, the greatest contribution he had ever made. The average wage in t
33、he auto industry then was $2.34 for e 9-hour shift. Ford not only doubled that, he also took an hour off the Workday. In. those years it was unthinkable that a man could be paid that much for doing something that didnt involve an awful lot of training or education. The Wall Street Journal called the
34、 plan “an economic crime“, and critics everywhere laughed at Ford.4 But as the wage increased later to daily $10, it proved a critical component of Fords dream to make the automobile accessible (可及的) to all. The critics were too stupid to understand that because Ford had lowered his costs per car, t
35、he higher wages didnt matterexcept for making it possible for more people to buy cars.（分数：8.00）(1).Paragraph 1_A. Fords opponentsB. The assembly lineC. Fords great dreamD. The establishment of the companyE. Fords biggest contributionF. Fords great talent（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(2).Paragraph 2_（分数：1.00）填空项 1
36、:_(3).Paragraph 3_（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(4).Paragraph 4_（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(5).The assembly line made it possible to_A. criticized by the mediaB. the low wage in the auto industryC. their lower pricesD. produce cars in large numbersE. the 8-hour shiftF. combined technology and market（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(6).Ford
37、was the first to adopt_（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(7).Fords cars became available to ordinary people thanks to_（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(8).Fords higher-wage and lower-cost strategy was strongly_（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_四、第 4 部分：阅读理解(总题数：0，分数：0.00)五、第一篇(总题数：1，分数：15.00)Seeing the World Centuries AgoIf you enjoy looking through t
38、ravel books by such familiar authors as Arthur Frommer or Eugene Fodor, it will not surprise you to learn that travel writing has a long and venerable history. Almost from the earliest annals of recorded time individuals have found ready audiences for their accounts of journeys to strange and exotic
39、 locales.One of the earliest travel writers, a Greek geographer and historian named Strabo, lived around the time of Christ. Though Strabo is known to have traveled from east of the Black Seawest to Italy and as far south as Ethiopia, he also used details gleaned from other writers to extend and enl
40、iven his accounts. His multivolumed work Geography provides the only surviving account of the cities, peoples, customs, and geographical peculiarities of the whole known world of his time.Two other classic travel writers, the Italian Marco Polo and the Moroccan Ibn Battutah, lived in roughly the sam
41、e time period. Marco Polo traveled to China with his father and uncle in about A. D. 1275 and remained there 16 or 17 years, visiting several other countries during his travels. When Marco returned to Italy he dictated his memoirs, including stories he had heard from others, to a scribe, with the re
42、sulting book millione being an instant success. Though difficult to attest to the accuracy of all he says, Marcos book impelled Europeans to begin their great voyages of exploration.Ibn Battutahs interest in travel began on his required Muslim journey to Mecca in 1325, and during his lifetime he jou
43、rneyed through all the countries where Islam held sway. His travel book the Rihlah is a personalized account of desert journeys, court intrigues, and even the effect of the Black Death in the various lands he visited. In almost 30 years of traveling it is estimated that Ibn Battutah covered more tha
44、n 75,000 miles.（分数：15.00）(1).This passage is mostly about_Ahow to write a travel bookBthe literary style of three early travel writersCwhy people find travel writing excitingDwhere three early travel writers went and wrote about（分数：3.00）A.B.C.D.(2).Ibn Battutah traveled_Ato EthiopiaBthroughout the M
45、uslim worldCto ChinaDfor 16 or 17 years（分数：3.00）A.B.C.D.(3).The books of the three writers were popular because_Athey explained the best routes to get to placesBthey listed good places to stayCall of their stories were firsthand accountsDthey told of strange and exotic locales（分数：3.00）A.B.C.D.(4).Th
46、e overall organization of this passage is through_Atravel writers personal narrativesBpersuasive detailsCspatial descriptionDchronological order（分数：3.00）A.B.C.D.(5).In this passage attest means to_Adraw a map ofBgive proof ofCgive an examination toDtell lies to（分数：3.00）A.B.C.D.六、第二篇(总题数：1，分数：15.00)T
47、he Only Way Is UpThink of a modem city and the first image that come to mind is the skyline. It is full of great buildings, pointing like fingers to heaven. It is true that some cities dont permit buildings to go above a certain height. But these are cities concerned with the past. The first thing a
48、ny city does when it wants to tell the world that it has arrived is to build skyscrapers.When people gather together in cities, they create a demand for land. Since cities are places where money is made, that demand can be met. And the best way to make money out of city land is to put as many people as possible in a space that covers the smallest amount of ground. That means building upwards.The technology existed to do this as early as the 19th century. But the height of buildings was limited by one important factor.
