1、职称英语综合类 B级-67 及答案解析(总分：100.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、B第 1部分：词汇选项/B(总题数：15，分数：15.00)1.He is too young to be able to Udistinguish/U between right and wrong. A. discard B. discern C. disperse D. disregard（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.2.It was no Umatch/U that his car was seen near the bank at the time of the robbery. A. coin
2、cidence B. convention C. certainty D. complication（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.3.One of the Uresponsibilities/U of the Coast Guard is to make sure that all ships strictly follow traffic rules in busy harbors. A. cautiously B. dutifully C. faithfully D. skillfully（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.4.The Eskimo is perhaps one of t
3、he most trusting and considerate of all Indians but seems to be Uunconcerned/U about the welfare of his animals. A. critical about B. indignant at C. indifferent to D. subject to（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.5.The chairman of the board Uimposed on/U me the unpleasant job of dismissing good workers the firm can n
4、o longer afford to employ. A. compelled B. posed C. pressed D. tempted（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.6.Why should anyone want to read Uabstracts/U of books by great authors when the real pleasure comes from reading the originals. A. themes B. insights C. digests D. leaflets（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.7.Parents have a legal
5、Uduty/U to ensure that their children are provided with efficient education suitable to their age. A. impulse B. influence C. obligation D. sympathy（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.8.Most nurses are women, but in the higher ranks of the medical profession women are in a small Unumber/U. A. scarcity B. minority C. m
6、inimum D. shortage（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.9.David likes country life and has decided to Uundertake/U farming. A. go in for B. go back on C. go through with D. go along with（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.10.Jack was about to announce our plan but I Uinterrupt/U him. A. put him through B. turned him out C. gave him up D.
7、cut him short（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.11.I am sure I can Upersuade/U him into letting us stay in the hotel for the night. A. speak B. say C. talk D. tell（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.12.Last year, the crime rate in Chicago has sharply Udropped/U. A. declined B. lessened C. descended D. slipped（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.13.The rep
8、ublication of the poets most recent works will certainly Uheighten/U his national reputation. A. magnify B. strengthen C. enlarge D. enhance（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.14.Recently a number of cases have been reported of young children Uiterate/U a violent act previously seen on television. A. modifying B. dupl
9、icating C. accelerating D. stimulating（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.15.This kind of material can Uresist/U heat and moisture. A. delete B. compel C. constrain D. repel（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.二、B第 2部分：阅读判断/B(总题数：1，分数：7.00)Step Back in TimeDo you know that we live a lot longer now than the people who were born before us?
10、 One hundred years ago the average woman lived to be 45. But now, she can live until at least 80.One of the main reasons for people living longer is that we know how to look after ourselves better. We know which foods are good for us and what we have to eat to make sure our bodies get all the health
11、y things they need. We know why we sometimes get ill and what to do to get better again. And we know how important it is to do lots of exercise to keep our hearts beating healthily.But in order that we dont slip back into bad habits, lets have a look at what life was like 100 years ago.Families had
12、between 15 and 20 children, although many babies didnt live long. Children suffered from lots of diseases, especially rickets (佝偻病) and scurvy (坏血病), which are both caused by bad diets. This is because many families were very poor and not able to feed their children well.Really poor families who liv
13、ed in crowded cities like London and Manchester often slept standing up, bending over a piece of string, because there was no room for them to lie down.People didnt have fridges until the 1920s. They kept fresh food cold by storing it on windowsills (窗台板), blocks of ice, or even burying it in the ga
14、rden.Some children had to start work at the age of seven or eight to earn money for their parents. If you had lived 100 years ago, you might well be selling matchsticks (火柴杆) (a job done by many children) or working with your dad by now.（分数：7.00）(1).On average women lived longer than men 100 years a
15、go. A. Right B. Wrong C. Not mentioned（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(2).People now enjoy longer lives for unknown reasons. A. Right B. Wrong C. Not mentioned（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(3).A hundred years ago many kids died at all early age. A. Right B. Wrong C. Not mentioned（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(4).Poor diets can lead to such
16、 diseases as rickets and scurvy. A. Right B. Wrong C. Not mentioned（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(5).People in the past preferred standing up to lying down when sleeping. A. Right B. Wrong C. Not mentioned.（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(6).An Englishman invented the fridge in the 1920s. A. Right B. Wrong C. Not mentioned（分数：
17、1.00）A.B.C.D.(7).Life was not easy for many children living 100 years ago. A. Right B. Wrong C. Not mentioned（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.三、B第 3部分：概括大意与完成句子(总题数：1，分数：8.00)Things to Know about the UK1. From Buckingham Palace to Oxford, the UK is loaded with wonderful icons (标志) of past eras. But it has also mode
18、rnized with confidence. Its now better known for vibrant (充满活力的) cities with great nightlife and attraction. Fashions, fine dining, clubbing, shopping-the UK is among the worlds best.2. Most people have strong preconceptions about the British. But if youre one of these people, youd be wise to abando
19、n those ideas. Visit a nightclub in one of the big cities, a football match, or a good local pub and you might more readily describe the English people as humorous and hospitable. Its certainly true that no other country in the world has more bird-watchers, sports supporters, pet owners and gardener
20、s than the UK.3. Getting around England is pretty easy. Budget (廉价的) airlines like Easyjet and Rynnair fly domestically. Trains can deliver you very efficiently from one major city to another. Long distance express buses are called coaches. Where coaches and buses run on the same route, coaches are
21、more expensive (though quicker) than buses. Londons famous black cabs are excellent but expensive. Minicabs are cheaper competitors, with freelance (个体的) drivers. But usually you need to give a call first. Londons underground is called the Tube. Its very convenient and can get you to almost any part
22、 of the city.4. The UK is not famous for its food. But you still need to know some of the traditional English foods. The most famous must be fish and chips. The fish and chips are deep fried in flour. English breakfast is something you need to try. It is fried bacon, sausages, fried eggs, black pudd
23、ing, fried tomatoes, fried bread and baked beans, with toast and a pot of tea. Other things like shepherds pie and Yorkshire pudding are also well-known as a part of English food culture.5. Pubbing and clubbing are the main forms of English nightlife, especially for the young. Pubbing means going to
24、 a pub with friends, having drinks, and chatting. Clubbing is different from pubbing and includes going to a pub, or a place of music, or a bar, or any other places to gather with friends. Clubbing can be found everywhere. Usually there is some kind of dress code for clubbing, such as no jeans, no s
25、portswear, or smart clubwear, while pubbing is much more casual.A. EducationB. PeopleC. TransportD. DrinkE. FoodF. Nightlife（分数：8.00）(1).Paragraph 2 _.（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(2).Paragraph 3 _.（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(3).Paragraph 4 _.（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(4).Paragraph 5 _.（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(5).The UK is a country that is
26、 _. A. faster but more expensive than buses B. both ancient and modern C. humorous and hospitable D. cheap and efficient E. traditional and famous F. clever and hardworking（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(6).The British people are _.（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(7).Coaches in the UK are _.（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(8).Fish and chips are
27、_.（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_四、B第 4部分：阅读理解/B(总题数：0，分数：0.00)五、B第一篇/B(总题数：1，分数：15.00)The Diminishing Scientific Leadership of the U.S.With the rapid globalization of science itself (more than 40 percent of scientific Ph.D. students trained in the United States are now foreign nationals, roughly half of whom retu
28、rn to their countries of origin) , the once undisputed U.S. scientific lead, whether relevant to product lead or not, is diminishing.The competition of foreign students for positions in U.S. graduate schools has also contributed to making scientific training relatively unattractive to U.S. students,
29、 because the rapidly increasing supply of students has diminished the relative rewards of this career path. For the best and brightest from low-income countries, a position as a research assistant in the United States is attractive, whereas the best and brightest U.S. students might now see better o
30、ptions in other fields. Science and engineering careers, to the extent that they are opening up to foreign competition (whether imported or available through better communication), also seem to be becoming relatively less attractive to U.S. students.With respect to the role of universities in the in
31、novation process the speculative boom of the 1990s (which, among other things, made it possible to convert scientific findings into cash rather quickly) was largely unexpected. The boom brought universities and their faculties into much closer contact with private markets as they tried to gain as mu
32、ch of the economic dividends from their discoveries as possible. For a while, the path between discoveries in basic science and new flows of hard cash was considerably shortened. But during the next few decades, this path will likely revert toward its more traditional length and reestablish in a hea
33、lthy way, the more traditional (and more independent) relationship between the basic research done at universities and those entities that translate ideas into products and services.In the intervening years, another new force also greatly facilitated globalization: the rapid growth of the Internet a
34、nd cheap wide-bandwidth international communication. Today, complex design activities can take place in locations quite removed from manufacturing, other business functions and the consumer. Indeed, there is now ample opportunity for real-time communication between business functions that are quite
35、independent of their specific locations. For example, software are development, with all its changes and complications, can to a considerable extent be done overseas for a U.S. customer. Foreign call centers can respond instantly to questions from thousands of miles away. The result is that low-wage
36、 workers in the Far East and in some other countries are coming into even more direct competition with a much wider spectrum of U.S. labor: unskilled in the case of call centers; more highly skilled in the case of programmers.（分数：15.00）(1).The rapid globalization of science _. A. has led to the rapi
37、d growth of the Internet B. has diminished the relative rewards of science and engineering careers C. has resulted in the fierce competition of scientific training the U.S. D. has contributed to the diminish of U.S. scientific leadership（分数：3.00）A.B.C.D.(2).According to this text _. A. the careers u
38、nattractive to U.S. students may not be so to foreign students B. science and engineering careers are unattractive exclusively to U.S. students C. U.S. students age not courageous enough to face foreign competition D. U.S. students are not well prepared to compete with foreign students（分数：3.00）A.B.C
39、.D.(3).It can be inferred from the text that _. A. scientists rarely expect to make money from their discoveries in basic science B. it will be much easier to convert scientific findings into cash in the near future C. the boom of the 1990s could be considered somewhat unhealthy D. the boom of the 1
40、990s will last at least for several decades（分数：3.00）A.B.C.D.(4).All of the following might have contributed to globalization except _. A. the unprecedented development of Internet B. the closer contact of universities with private markets C. real time communication between business functions D. the
41、prevalence of wide bandwidth international communication（分数：3.00）A.B.C.D.(5).This text is mainly about _. A. the scientific leadership of the U.S. B. the shortage of scientists in the U.S. C. the rapid globalization of science D. better communication and globalization（分数：3.00）A.B.C.D.六、B第二篇/B(总题数：1，
42、分数：15.00)The Influence of Western MovieWhy does the Western movie especially have such a hold (影响) on our inclination? Chiefly, because it offers serious insights into the problem of violence such as can be found almost nowhere else in our culture. One of the well-known peculiarities of modem civili
43、zed opinion is its refusal to acknowledge the value of violence. This refusal is a virtue, but like many virtues it involves a certain deliberate blindness and it encourages hypocrisy (虚伪). We train ourselves to be shocked or bored by cultural images of violence, and our very concept of heroism tend
44、s to be a passive one. We are less drawn to the brave young men who kill large numbers of our enemies than to the heroic prisoners who endure torture without surrendering. And in the criticism of popular culture, the presence of images of violence is often assumed to be in itself a sufficient ground
45、 for condemnation.These attitudes, however, have not reduced the element of violence in our culture but have helped to free it from moral control by letting it take on the air of “liberation“. The celebration of acts of violence is left more and more to the irresponsible. The gangster (匪徒) movie, wi
46、th its numerous variations belongs to a cultural “underground“ which praises violence aid sets it against all our higher social attitudes. It is a more “modern“ style than the Western movie, perhaps even more profound, because it confronts industrial society on its own ground-the city and because, l
47、ike much of our advanced art, it gains its effects by a coarse insistence on its own narrow logic. But it is anti-social resting on fantasies of irresponsible freedom. If we are brought finally to concede to the denial of these fantasies, it is only because they have been shown to be dangerous, not
48、because they have given way to higher values of behavior.In war movies, certainly, it is possible to present violence within a framework of responsibility. But there is the disadvantage that modern war is a co-operative enterprise in which violence is largely impersonal and heroism belongs to the group more than to t
