1、职称英语综合类 B 级-71 及答案解析(总分：100.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、第 1 部分：词汇选项(总题数：15，分数：15.00)1.He is exceedingly generous this time, which is really strange.（分数：1.00）A.expresslyB.extremelyC.extensivelyD.oddly2.The book took ten years of thorough research.（分数：1.00）A.basicB.socialC.majorD.careful3.The program is being car
2、ried out with great zeal by participants.（分数：1.00）A.cheerB.regretC.enthusiasmD.obstacle4.Soldiers are trained to obey their officer“s orders without question.（分数：1.00）A.reply toB.apply forC.agree withD.comply with5.The news will horrify everyone.（分数：1.00）A.attractB.terrifyC.temptD.excite6.This table
3、 is strong and durable .（分数：1.00）A.long-lastingB.extensiveC.far-reachingD.eternal7.The policeman wrote down all the particulars of the accident.（分数：1.00）A.secretsB.detailsC.benefitsD.words8.Chinese people began to be aware of the seriousness of the population.（分数：1.00）A.realizeB.find outC.ignoreD.em
4、phasize9.His sincerity added much more credibility to the words.（分数：1.00）A.authorityB.honestyC.powerD.passion10.It will absorb a large amount of money to decorate the office.（分数：1.00）A.comprehendB.costC.spendD.arrest11.The shrapnel maimed the young soldier.（分数：1.00）A.endangeredB.slantedC.crippledD.e
5、mbarrassed12.The local authority will take measures to deal with noise pollution in the area.（分数：1.00）A.powerB.controlC.learningD.government13.During the construction of skyscrapers, cranes are used to lift building materials to the upper class.（分数：1.00）A.tossB.towC.hoistD.hurl14.In a bullfight, it
6、is the movement, not the color, of objects that arouses the bull.（分数：1.00）A.confusesB.excitesC.scaresD.diverts15.We have to ask them to quit talking in order that all people present could hear us clearly.（分数：1.00）A.decreaseB.ceaseC.continueD.keep二、第 2 部分：阅读判断(总题数：1，分数：7.00)When We Are AsleepEveryone
7、 dreams, but some people never recall their dreams, or do so very rarely. Other people always wake up with vivid recollections (记忆) of their dreams, though they forget them very quickly. In an average night of eight hours“ sleep, an average adult will dream for around one hundred minutes, probably h
8、aving three to five dreams, each lasting from ten to thirty minutes. Scientists can detect when someone is having a dream by using an instrument which measures the electrical waves in the brain. During dreaming, these waves move more quickly. Breathing and pulse rate also increase, and there are rap
9、id eye movements under the lids, just as though the dreamer were really looking at moving objects. These signs of dreaming have been detected in all mammals (哺乳动物) studied, including dogs, monkeys, cats, and elephants, and also some birds and reptiles (爬行动物). This period of sleep is called the “D“ s
10、tate for around 50% of their sleep; the period reduces to around 25% by the age of 10. Dreams take the form of stories, but they may be strange and with incidents not connected, which make little sense. Dreams are seldom without people in them and they are usually about people we know. One estimate
11、says that two-thirds of the “cast“ of our dream dramas are friends and relations. Vision seems an essential part of dreams, except for people blind from birth. Sound and touch are senses also often aroused, but smell and taste are not frequently involved. In “normal“ dreams, the dreamer may be takin
12、g part, or be only an observer. But he or she cannot control what happens in the dream. However, the dreamer does have control over one type of dream. This type of dream is called a “lucid“ (清醒的) dream. Not everyone is a lucid dreamer. Some people are occasional lucid dreamers. Others can dream luci
13、dly more or less all the time. In a lucid dream, the dreamer knows that he is dreaming.（分数：7.00）(1).Some people dream but cannot remember their dreams.（分数：1.00）A.RightB.WrongC.Not mentioned(2).In an average night, males dream longer than females.（分数：1.00）A.RightB.WrongC.Not mentioned(3).When we drea
14、m, there is less movement of electrical waves in our brains.（分数：1.00）A.RightB.WrongC.Not mentioned(4).Babies dream less than older children.（分数：1.00）A.RightB.WrongC.Not mentioned(5).Most dreams involve the people we played with when we were young.（分数：1.00）A.RightB.WrongC.Not mentioned(6).We rarely s
15、mell things in dreams.（分数：1.00）A.RightB.WrongC.Not mentioned(7).In a lucid dream we can use Morse code to communicate with others.（分数：1.00）A.RightB.WrongC.Not mentioned三、第 3 部分：概括大意与完成句子(总题数：1，分数：8.00)Keeping Cut Flowers1 While everybody enjoys fresh cut flowers around their house, few people know h
16、ow to keep them for as long as possible. This may be done by keeping in mind a few simple facts. 2 An important thing to remember about cut flowers is that they are sensitive to temperature. For example, studies have shown that cut carnations (康乃馨) retain their freshness eight times longer when kept
17、 at 12 than when kept at 26. Keeping freshly harvested flowers at the right temperatures is probably the most important aspect of flower care. 3 Flowers are not intended by nature to live very long. Their biological purpose is simply to attract birds or insects, such as bees, for pollination (授粉). A
18、fter that, they quickly dry up and die. The process by which flowers consume oxygen and produce carbon dioxide (二氧化碳), called respiration (呼吸), generates the energy the flower needs to give the flower its shape and color. The making of seeds also depends on this energy. While all living things respi
19、re, flowers have a high level of respiration. A result of all this respiration is heat, and for flowers the level of heat relative to the mass of the flower is very high. Respiration also brings about the eventual death of the flower. Thus the greater the level of respiration, the sooner the flower
20、dies. 4 How, then, to control the rate at which flowers die? By controlling respiration. How is respiration controlled? By controlling temperature. We know that respiration produces heat, but the reverse is also true. Thus by maintaining low temperatures, respiration is reduced and the cut flowers w
21、ill age more slowly. 5 Another vital factor in keeping cut flowers is the quality of the water in which they are placed. Flowers find it difficult to “drink“ water that is dirty or otherwise polluted. Even when water looks and smells clean, it almost certainly contains harmful substances that can en
22、danger the flowers. To rid the water of these unwanted substances, household chlorine bleach (含氯漂白剂) can be used in small quantities. It is recommended that 15 drops of chlorine bleach (at 4% solution) be added to each liter of water. The water and solution should also be replaced each day.（分数：8.00）
23、(1).Paragraph 2 1. A. Beauty of fresh cut flowers B. Role of respiration C. Ways of stopping respiration D. The most important aspect of flower care E. Control of respiration F. Need for clean water（分数：1.00）(2).Paragraph 3 1.（分数：1.00）(3).Paragraph 4 1.（分数：1.00）(4).Paragraph 5 1.（分数：1.00）(5).A few si
24、mple facts will help you keep cut flowers 1. A. by controlling temperature B. by keeping its original shape and color C. in the life of cut flowers D. for as long as possible E. to replace the water and solution every day F. to produce carbon dioxide（分数：1.00）(6).Respiration plays a key role 1.（分数：1.
25、00）(7).The aging of cut flowers can be slowed down 1.（分数：1.00）(8).Another important way to prolong the life of cut flowers is 1.（分数：1.00）四、第 4 部分：阅读理解(总题数：0，分数：0.00)五、第一篇(总题数：1，分数：15.00)Native American PotteryThere are several American Indian groups in the Southwest that still make beautiful pottery
26、. Some of this pottery may be sold at fairly high prices. But the makers consider their work as more than a commercial enterprise. By using methods handed down for generations, the potters express their pride in their cultural inheritance . Some of the most interesting pottery is made by the Pueblo
27、Indians. There are 21 individual pueblos in Arizona and New Mexico. Several are famous for their craftsmanship. To make a pot, these potters use a clay base and add long thin coils of clay to it in a spiral pattern. When they have reached the size they want, they use an implement such as a rock or s
28、hell to smooth the surfaces of the pot. How a pot is decorated and fired depends on the traditions of the group making it. Traditional pottery produced by the Acoma, who have lived for centuries on a high mesa in New Mexico, is first painted with a clay slip. The resulting pots, which are prized for
29、 their delicacy and strength, may be left white. They may also be painted with black and white patterns or with a combination of black, orange, and brown. Very distinctive black pottery comes from the San Ildefonso and Santa Clara pueblos. The black color is the result of carbon being released from
30、the animal manure in which the pot is fired. Some artisans hand-rub this ware to a shiny gloss. Others cut patterns into it, resulting in a part shiny, part flat surface. Potters at San Ildefonso make many types of wares. Potters at Santa Clara are especially known for wedding jarsjars with two neck
31、s connected by a handle. Other groups such as the Hopi and the Cochiti also make pottery. Each group uses distinctive methods and produces distinctive forms and designs.（分数：15.00）(1).In the first paragraph the word “inheritance“ means _.（分数：3.00）A.valueB.advertising productC.legacyD.artwork(2).The s
32、econd paragraph in the passage is developed mainly through _.（分数：3.00）A.steps in a processB.description of objectsC.the telling of a storyD.examples(3).The San Ildefonso pueblo is known for _.（分数：3.00）A.black potteryB.wedding jarsC.thin and delicate shapesD.black, brown, and orange pots(4).Tradition
33、al methods of making pottery _.（分数：3.00）A.are rarely used anymoreB.take a lot of timeC.are not of interest to pottery collectorsD.will soon be completely replaced(5).Another good title for this passage would be _.（分数：3.00）A.How to Make a PotB.Living on a High MesaC.The Indians of Arizona and New Mex
34、icoD.An Old Art Still Practiced六、第二篇(总题数：1，分数：15.00)Changes in ChildrenAbout six years ago I was eating lunch in a restaurant in New York City when a woman and a young boy sat down at the next table. I couldn“t help overhearing parts of their conversation. At one point the woman asked: “So, how have
35、 you been?“ And the boywho could not have been more than seven or eight years oldreplied: “Frankly, I“ve been feeling a little depressed lately.“ This incident stuck in my mind because it confirmed my growing belief that children are changing. As far as I can remember, my friends and I didn“t find o
36、ut we were “depressed“ until we were in high school. The evidence of a change in children has increased steadily in recent years. Children don“t seem childlike anymore. Children speak more like adults, dress more like adults and behave more like adults than they used to. Whether this is good or bad
37、is difficult to say, but it certainly is different. Childhood as it once was no longer exists, why? Human development is based not only on innate (天生的) biological states, but also on patterns of access to social knowledge. Movement from one social role to another usually involves learning the secret
38、s of the new status. Children have always been taught adult secrets, but slowly and in stages: traditionally, we tell sixth graders things we keep hidden from fifth graders. In the last 30 years, however, a secret-revelation (揭示) machine has been installed in 98 percent of American homes. It is call
39、ed television. Television passes information, and indiscriminately (不加区分地), to all viewers alike, be they children or adults. Unable to resist the temptation, many children turn their attention from printed texts to the less challenging, more vivid moving pictures. Communication through print, as a
40、matter of fact, allows for a great deal of control over the social information to which children have access. Reading and writing involve a complex code of symbols that must be memorized and practiced. Children must read simple books before they can read complex materials.（分数：15.00）(1).According to
41、the author, feeling depressed is _.（分数：3.00）A.a sure sign of a psychological problem in a childB.something hardly to be expected in a young childC.an inevitable thing in children“s mental developmentD.a mental state present in all humans, including children(2).Traditionally, a child is supposed to l
42、earn about the adult world _.（分数：3.00）A.gradually and under guidanceB.naturally and by biological instinctC.through contact with societyD.through exposure to social information(3).According to the author, the phenomenon that today“s children seem adult-like is attributed to _.（分数：3.00）A.the poor arr
43、angement of teaching contentB.the widespread influence of televisionC.the fast pace of human intellectual developmentD.the constantly rising standard of living(4).Why is the author in favor of communication through print for children?（分数：3.00）A.It enables children to gain more social information.B.I
44、t develops children“s interest in reading and writing.C.It can control what children are to learn.D.It helps children to memorize and practice more.(5).What does the author think of the change in today“s children?（分数：3.00）A.He feels their adult-like behavior is so funny.B.He thinks it is a phenomeno
45、n worthy of note.C.He considers it a positive development.D.He seems to be upset about it.七、第三篇(总题数：1，分数：15.00)Oil and EconomyCould the bad old days of economic decline be about to return? Since OPEC agreed to supply-cuts in March, the price of crude oil has jumped to almost $26 a barrel, up from le
46、ss than $10 last December. This near-tripling of oil prices calls up scary memories of the 1973 oil shock, when prices quadrupled, and 1979-1980, when they also almost tripled. Both previous shocks resulted in double-digit inflation and global economic decline. So where are the headlines warning of
47、gloom and doom this time? The oil price was given another push up this week when Iraq suspended oil exports. Strengthening economic growth, at the same time as winter grips the northern hemisphere, could push the price higher still in the short term. Yet there are good reasons to expect the economic
48、 consequences now to be less severe than in the 1970s. In most countries the cost of crude oil now accounts for a smaller share of the price of petrol than it did in the 1970s. In Europe, taxes account for up to four-fifths of the retail price, so even quite big changes in the price of crude oil hav
49、e a more muted effect on pump prices than in the past. Rich economies are also less dependent on oil than they were, and so less sensitive to swings in the oil price. Energy conservation, a shift to other fuels and a decline in the importance of heavy, energy-intensive industries have reduced oil consumption. Software, consultancy and mobile telephones use far less oil than steel or ear production. For each dollar of GDP (inconstant prices) rich economies now use nearly 50% less oil than in 1973. The OECD estimates in its latest Economic Outlook tha
