1、职称英语综合类 B级-72 及答案解析(总分：100.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、第 1部分：词汇选项(总题数：15，分数：15.00)1.When she was invited to the party, she readily accepted.（分数：1.00）A.willinglyB.suddenlyC.quicklyD.firmly2.Her speciality is heart surgery.（分数：1.00）A.regionB.siteC.fieldD.platform3.France has kept intimate links with its former Af
2、rican territories.（分数：1.00）A.friendlyB.privateC.strongD.secret4.The change in that village was miraculous .（分数：1.00）A.conservativeB.amazingC.insignificantD.unforgettable5.Customers often defer payment for as long as possible this year.（分数：1.00）A.makeB.demandC.postponeD.obtain6.We shall take the trea
3、sure away to a safe place.（分数：1.00）A.cleanB.prettyC.distantD.secure7.He achieved success through hard work.（分数：1.00）A.reachedB.reactedC.attainedD.took8.Guests were scared when the bomb explored.（分数：1.00）A.frightenedB.killedC.endangeredD.rescued9.We will give every teacher space to develop.（分数：1.00）A
4、.chanceB.employmentC.roomD.opportunity10.With immense relief, I stopped running.（分数：1.00）A.muckyB.enormousC.littleD.extensive11.They got in quite a brawl .（分数：1.00）A.snitB.fightC.ballD.litter12.It took us a long time to mend the old church.（分数：1.00）A.buildB.destroyC.designD.repair13.The parents have
5、 to restrain their daughter from playing nearby factories.（分数：1.00）A.disallowB.reduceC.preventD.confine14.Eleanor Roosevelt urged legislation to assist the poor and oppressed.（分数：1.00）A.helpB.adjustC.employD.encourage15.It is always praiseworthy to admit one“s errors and rectify them without delay.（
6、分数：1.00）A.straightenB.correctC.justifyD.identify二、第 2部分：阅读判断(总题数：1，分数：7.00)The Science of PersuasionIf leadership, basically speaking, consists of getting things done through others, then persuasion is one of the leader“s essential tools. Many executives have assumed that this tool is beyond their g
7、rasp, available only to the charismatic (有魅力的) and the eloquent. Over the past several decades, though, experimental psychologists have learned which methods reliably lead people to concede, comply, or change. Their research shows that persuasion is governed by several principles that can be taught
8、and applied. The first principle is that people are more likely to follow someone who is similar to them than someone who is not. Wise managers, then, ask peers to help make their cases. Second, people are more willing to cooperate with those who are like them as well as those who like them. So it“s
9、 worth the time to uncover real similarities and offer genuine praise. Third, experiments confirm the intuitive truth that people tend to treat you the way you treat them. It“s sound policy to do a favor before seeking one. Fourth, individuals are more likely to keep promises they make voluntarily a
10、nd clearly. The message for managers here is to get commitments in writing. Fifth, studies show that people really do defer to (服从) experts. So before they attempt to exert influence, executives should take pains to establish their own expertise and not assume that it“s self-evident. Finally, people
11、 want more of a commodity when it“s scarce; it follows, then, that exclusive information is more persuasive than widely available data.（分数：7.00）(1).Experiments have confirmed the assumption of many executives.（分数：1.00）A.RightB.WrongC.Not mentioned(2).People are more likely to cooperate with those wh
12、o like them.（分数：1.00）A.RightB.WrongC.Not mentioned(3).Managers do not employ those who are quite different from them.（分数：1.00）A.RightB.WrongC.Not mentioned(4).There is no need for a manager to find out the similarities of his employees.（分数：1.00）A.RightB.WrongC.Not mentioned(5).Experiments have shown
13、 that, contrary to our expectation, people tend to treat you the way you treat them.（分数：1.00）A.RightB.WrongC.Not mentioned(6).There are as many wise managers as there are stupid ones.（分数：1.00）A.RightB.WrongC.Not mentioned(7).Exclusive information is more persuasive than widely known data.（分数：1.00）A.
14、RightB.WrongC.Not mentioned三、第 3部分：概括大意与完成句子(总题数：1，分数：8.00)Messages from the Media1 The weather forecast, a story about the candidates in an election, and movie reviews are examples of messages from the media. A communication medium, of which the plural (复数的) form is media, is a means of communicati
15、ng a message. Examples of media are television, radio, newspapers, books and the telephone. The media that can reach many people at once are called mass media. 2 It is not difficult to think of other messages we receive through the mass media. Every day we get hundreds of them. Think about advertise
16、ments, for example. We see and hear these messages almost everywhere we go. Advertisements are important messages, even though they are sometimes annoying. They help us compare and evaluate products. 3 Most of us get more information from the media than from the classroom. Think for a moment, about
17、how you learn about local news and events. Do you depend on other people or the media? What about international news? What is the most important source of information for you? People who are asked this question usually answer, “Television.“ 4 Think of all the messages you received today. Perhaps you
18、 read a newspaper during breakfast, or maybe you read advertisements on billboards (露天广告牌) on your way to school. Did you listen to a weather forecast or the sports news on the radio this morning? Right now you are getting information through a very important medium of mass communicationa book. 5 We
19、 use the information we get from radio, television, newspapers, and other media to make decisions and form opinions. That is why the mass media are so important. Editorials and articles in newspapers help us decide how to vote, consumer reports on television help us decide how to spend our money, an
20、d international news on the radio makes us think and form opinions about questions of war and peace.（分数：8.00）(1).Paragraph 2 1 A. Mediameans to communicate messages B. Importance of the mass media C. Televisiona rich source of information D. Various messages one may receive each day E. Advertisement
21、s as important messages from the mass media F. Importance of classroom learning（分数：1.00）(2).Paragraph 3 1（分数：1.00）(3).Paragraph 4 1（分数：1.00）(4).Paragraph 5 1（分数：1.00）(5).Each day we get a lot of messages from 1. A. the mass media B. sports news C. mass communication D. source of information E. our m
22、essages F. our decisions and opinions（分数：1.00）(6).Television, radio and books are all important media of 1.（分数：1.00）(7).For most people television is the most important 1.（分数：1.00）(8).The mass media are important to us because they shape 1.（分数：1.00）四、第 4部分：阅读理解(总题数：0，分数：0.00)五、第一篇(总题数：1，分数：15.00)The
23、 Romance of ArthurMost cultures have some sort of hero who represents the best values of what its people believe in. The unusual thing about King Arthur is that legends of his heroism have persisted for several centuries and spread far beyond England, the place where they began. The earliest stories
24、 of King Arthur represent him as a warrior who fought and subdued the invading Norsemen in the years around A D 700. This much of the Arthurian tale is probably based on fact. Whether called Arthur or not, there is a body of evidence supporting the existence of such a warrior. It is the later embell
25、ishment of the tale whose authentic city is questionable. According to these, Arthur was born in a castle in Tintagel on the stormy western coast of England and because he was the illegitimate son of King Uther Pendragon, he was spirited away by the magician Merlin and his true identity kept from hi
26、m. He became king after freeing the sword Excalibur from the stone into which it was thrust. He married the beautiful Guinevere and assembled in his court all the noblest knights of the land, including Lancelot, with whom Guinevere would later be unfaithful to him. He was finally defeated in battle
27、by his illegitimate son Mordred, and his body was spirited away to the isle of Avalon. This romantic tale greatly appealed to the English and the French in the Middle Ages, when the code of chivalryideal qualities of knighthoodconstituted an important part of many stories. Tales of the heroism of Ga
28、lahad, Percival, Gawain, and many other of Arthur“s knights were circulated as well. In England today, there are many sites claiming apiece of the Arthurian a legend. There is a mined castle at Tintagel. Near Glastonbury are the remains of an ancient abbey where Arthur“s and Guinevere“s bodies were
29、supposedly exhumed in the 12th century. Neither of these proves that the legend is true, but they do keep its mystique alive.（分数：15.00）(1).According to the story, who is King Arthur“s father?（分数：3.00）A.Lancelot.B.Mordred.C.Avalon.D.Uther Pendragon.(2).Which of the following is NOT the knight of Arth
30、ur?（分数：3.00）A.Guinevere.B.Gawain.C.Percival.D.Galahad.(3).The writer seems to feel that the truth about Arthur is that he _.（分数：3.00）A.existedB.was married to GuinevereC.was born at TintagelD.had many knights(4).The information in the second paragraph is mostly presented in _.（分数：3.00）A.spatial orde
31、rB.order from latest to earliestC.order from earliest to latestD.order from least persuasive(5).In the last paragraph the word “exhumed“ means _.（分数：3.00）A.dug up from the graveB.quarreled overC.built a church aroundD.buried六、第二篇(总题数：1，分数：15.00)Rising College SelectivityRising college selectivity do
32、esn“t mean that students are smarter and more serious than in the past, although a few clearly are. It“s a function of excess demand for higher education, occurring at a time of increased financial privatization of the industry. The recession has only increased demand. The vast majority of students
33、aren“t going to college because of a thirst for knowledge, or even for the cultural and social adventure they hope to have. They“re there because they need a job, and they need to get the credentialsand, one hopes, the knowledge and skills behind the credentialsthat will get them into the labor mark
34、et. As higher education has become a seller“s market, the institutions in a position to do so are doing what comes naturally: raising their tuitions and their admissions requirements, but at the expense of contributing to the national goal to increase college attainment. The result is that the Unite
35、d States is losing ground in the international race for educational talent, because although we have some of the best institutions in the world, the whole is less than the sum of its parts. The increasing stratification of higher education is happening on the spending side, as well. As the selective
36、 institutions have become more expensive and less attainable, the rest have had to struggle with the responsibility to enroll more students without being paid to do so. Gaps between rich and poor have grown even more dramatically than gaps in entering test scores. While spending is a poor measure of
37、 educational quality, we can“t seriously expect to increase educational attainment if we“re not prepared to do something to address these growing inequities in funding. That said, the educational policy problem in our country is not that the elite institutions are becoming more selective. They are w
38、hat they are, and they“re getting more like themselves all the time. The problem is on the public policy side. The president and many governors have set a goal to return America to a position of international leadership in educational attainment. It“s the right goal, we just need a financing strateg
39、y to get there. That doesn“t mean just more money, although some more money will be needed. It also means better attention to effectiveness and to efficiency, and to making sure that spending goes to the places that will make a difference in educational attainment. We know how to do it, if we want t
40、o.（分数：15.00）(1).The demand for higher education has increased because _.（分数：3.00）A.of the rising college selectivityB.there is a boost in the labor marketC.the number of students keeps growingD.of the economic depression(2).According to most students, the most essential condition that enables them t
41、o get into the labor market is _.（分数：3.00）A.diplomasB.being employedC.knowledge and skillsD.going to college(3).Since higher education has become a seller“s market, the national goal to increase college attainment _.（分数：3.00）A.will draw more public concernB.will be difficult to achieveC.will be fulf
42、illed in a short timeD.will demand more financial input(4).As it is mentioned in the fourth paragraph, gaps have grown dramatically between _.（分数：3.00）A.the talented students and the slow onesB.the rich families and the poor onesC.the selective institutions and the restD.the advanced countries and t
43、he others(5).What does the author think should be modified?（分数：3.00）A.The selectivity of elite institutions.B.The goal of education attainment.C.The industrialization of education.D.The government“s funding strategy.七、第三篇(总题数：1，分数：15.00)Californiaa Land of Variety and ContrastCalifornia is a land of
44、 variety and contrast. Almost every type of physical land feature, sort of arctic ice fields and tropical jungles can be found within its borders. Sharply contrasting types of land often lie very close to one another. People living in Bakersfield, for instance, can visit the Pacific Ocean, the coast
45、al plain, the fertile San Joaquin Valley, the arid Mojave Desert, and the high Sierra Nevada, all within a radius of about 100 miles. In other areas it is possible to go snow skiing in the morning and surfing in the evening of the same day, without having to travel long distance. Contrast abounds in
46、 California. The highest point in the United States (outside Alaska) is in California, and so is the lowest point (including Alaska). Mount Whitney, 14,494 feet above sea level, is separated from Death Valley, 282 feet below sea level, by a distance of only 100 miles. The two areas have a difference
47、 in altitude of almost three miles. California has deep, clear mountain lakes like Lake Tahoe, the deepest in the country, but it also has shallow, salty desert lakes. It has Lake Tulainyo, 12,020 feet above sea level, and the lowest lake in the country, the Salton Sea, 236 feet below sea level. Som
48、e of its lakes, like Owens Lake in Death Valley, are not lakes at all: they are dried up lake beds. In addition to mountains, lakes, valleys, deserts, and plateaus, California has its Pacific coastline, stretching longer than the coastlines of Oregon and Washington combined.（分数：15.00）(1).Which of th
49、e following is NOT mentioned in the passage as being within a radius of about 100 miles of Bakersfield?（分数：3.00）A.The Pacific Ocean.B.San Joaquin Valley.C.Mojave Desert.D.Oregon and Washington.(2).Where is the highest point in the United States located?（分数：3.00）A.Lake Tahoe.B.Sierra Nevada.C.Mount Whitney.D.Alaska.(3).Which of the following is the lowest point in the United States?（分数：3.00）A.Lake Tulainyo.B.Mojave Desert.C.Death Valley.D.The Salton Sea.(4).How far away is Death Valley from Mount Whitney?（分数：3.00）A.About 3 miles.B.Only 100 miles.C.282
