1、职称英语综合类 C级-53 及答案解析(总分：100.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、B第 1部分：词汇选项/B(总题数：15，分数：15.00)1.But Uin the end/U he approved of our proposal. A. undoubtedly B. certainly C. ultimately D. necessarily（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.2.For young children, getting dressed is a Ucomplicated/U business. A. strange B. complex C. personal D.
2、funny（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.3.In Britain and many other countries Uappraisal/U is now a tool of management. A. evaluation B. efficiency C. production D. publicity（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.4.These are their Umotives/U for doing it. A. reasons B. excuses C. answers D. plans（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.5.The river Uwidens/U cons
3、iderably as it begins to turn west. A. twists B. stretches C. broadens D. bends（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.6.John is Ucollaborating/U with Mary in writing an article. A. cooperating B. competing C. combining D. arguing（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.7.He is determined to Uconsolidate/U his power. A. strengthen B. control C.
4、abandon D. exercise（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.8.Many scientists have been Uprobing/U psychological problems. A. solving B. exploring C. settling D. handling（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.9.Hearing problems may be Ualleviated/U by changes in diet and exercise habits. A. removed B. cured C. worsened D. relieved（分数：1.00）A.B.C
5、D.10.And the cars are tested for Udefects/U before leaving the factory. A. functions B. faults C. motions D. parts（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.11.You look Usmart/U in the new suit. A. clever B. handsome C. loyal D. brave（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.12.He hasnt the funds to Ucarry out/U his design. A. make B. keep C. chang
6、e D. implement（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.13.I was Uastonished/U at the news of his escape. A. amused B. amounted C. amazed D. approached（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.14.Its almost 5 oclock, time to Uquit/U. A. increase B. stop C. continue D. keep（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.15.Do you Ufollow/U what I am saying? A. change B. investiga
7、te C. write D. understand（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.二、B第 2部分：阅读判断/B(总题数：1，分数：7.00)Plants and MankindBotany, the study of plants, occupies a peculiar position in the history of human knowledge. We dont know what our Stone Age ancestors knew about plants, but from what we can observe of preindustrial societies
8、that still exist, a detailed learning of plants and their properties must be extremely ancient. This is logical. Plants are the basis of the food pyramid for all living things, even for other plants. They have always been enormously important to the welfare of people, not only for food, but also for
9、 clothing, weapons, tools, dyes, medicines, shehers, and many other purposes. Tribes living today in the jungle of the Amazon recognize hundreds of plants and know many properties of each. To them botany has no name and is probably not even recognized as a special branch of “knowledge“ at all.Unfort
10、unately, the more industrialized we become the farther away we move from direct contact with plants, and the less distinct our knowledge of botany grows. Yet everyone comes unconsciously on an amazing amount of botanical knowledge, and few people will fall to recognize a rose, an apple, or an orchid
11、 When our Neolithic ancestors, living in the Middle East about 10,000 years ago, discovered that certain grasses could be harvested and their seeds planted for richer yields the next season, the first great step in a new association of plants and humans was taken. Grains were discovered and from th
12、em flowed the marvel of agriculture: cultivated crops. From then on, humans would increasingly take their living from the controlled production of a few plants, rather than getting a little here and a little there from many varieties that grew wild and the accumulated knowledge of tens of thousands
13、of years of experience and intimacy with plants in the wild would begin to fade away.（分数：7.00）(1).It is logical that a detailed learning of plants and their properties must be extremely ancient. A. Right B. Wrong C. Not mentioned（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(2).People can not survive without plants. A. Right B.
14、 Wrong C. Not mentioned（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(3).Tribes living today in the jungle of the Amazon teach botany to their children at school. A. Right B. Wrong C. Not mentioned（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(4).Our direct contact with plants grows with the process of industrialization. A. Right B. Wrong C. Not mentioned（
15、分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(5).Today people usually acquire a large amount of botanical knowledge from textbooks. A. Right B. Wrong C. Not mentioned（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(6).People living in the Middle East first learned to grow plants for food about 10,000 years ago. A. Right B. Wrong C. Not mentioned（分数：1.00）A.B.
16、C.D.(7).Once mankind began farming, they no longer had to get food from many varieties that grew wild. A. Right B. Wrong C. Not mentioned（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.三、B第 3部分：概括大意与完成句子(总题数：1，分数：8.00)More Than 8 Hours Sleep Too Much of a Good Thing1. Although the dangers of too little sleep are widely known, new
17、 research suggests that people who sleep too much may also suffer the consequences.2. Investigators at the University of California in San Diego found that people who clock up 9 or 10 hours each weeknight appear to have more trouble falling and staying asleep, as well as a number of other sleep prob
18、lems, than people who sleep 8 hours a night. People who slept only 7 hours each night also said they had more trouble falling asleep and feeling refreshed after a nights sleep than 8-hour sleepers.3. These findings, which DL Daniel Kripke reported in the journal Psychosomatic Medicine, demonstrate t
19、hat people who want to get a good nights rest may not need to set aside more than 8 hours a night. He added that “it might be a good idea“ for people who sleep more than 8 hours each night to consider reducing the amount of time they spend in bed, but cautioned that more research is needed to confir
20、m this.4. Previous studies have shown the potential dangers of chronic shortages of sleepfor instance, one report demonstrated that people who habitually sleep less than 7 hours each night have a higher risk of dying within a fixed period than people who sleep more.5. For the current report, Kripke
21、reviewed the responses of 1,004 adults to sleep questionnaires, in which participants indicated how much they slept during the week and whether they experienced any sleep problems. Sleep problems included waking in the middle of the night, arising early in the morning and being unable to fall back t
22、o sleep, and having fatigue interfere with day-to-day functioning.6. Kripke found that people who slept between 9 and 10 hours each night were more likely to report experiencing each sleep problem than people who slept 8 hours. In an interview, Kripke noted that long sleepers may struggle to get res
23、t at night simply because they spend too much time in bed. As evidence, he added that one way to help insomnia is to spend less time in bed. “It stands to reason that if a person spends too long a time in bed, then theyll spend a higher percentage of time awake,“ he said. A. Kripkes Research ToolB.
24、Dangers of Habitual Shortages of SleepC. Criticism on Kripkes ReportD. A Way of Overcoming InsomniaE. Sleep Problems of Long and Short SleepersF. Classification of Sleep Problems（分数：8.00）(1).Paragraph 2 _（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(2).Paragraph 4 _（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(3).Paragraph 5 _（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(4).Paragraph
25、6 _（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(5).A. fall asleep again B. become more energetic the following day C. sleep less than 7 hours D. confirm those serious consequences E. suffer sleep problems F. sleep more than 8 hours To get a good nights rest, people may not need to _.（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(6).Long sleepers are report
26、ed to be more likely to _.（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(7).One of the sleep problems is waking in the middle of the night, unable to _.（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(8).One survey showed that people who habitually _ each night have a higher risk of dying.（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_四、B第 4部分：阅读理解/B(总题数：0，分数：0.00)五、B第一篇/B(总题数：1，分数：15.00)So
27、me Things We Know about LanguageMany things about language are a mystery, and many will always remain so. But some things we do know.First, we know that all human beings have a language of some sort. There is no race of men anywhere on earth so backward that it has no language, no set of speech soun
28、ds by which the people communicate with one another. Furthermore, in historical times, there has never been a race of men without a language.Second, there is no such thing as a primitive language. There are many people whose cultures are undeveloped, who are, as we say, uncivilized, but the language
29、s they speak are not primitive. In all known languages we can see complexities that must have been tens of thousands of years in developing.This has not always been well understood; indeed, the direct contrary has often been stated. Popular ideas of the language of the American Indians will illustra
30、te. Many people have supposed that the Indians communicated in a very primitive system of noises. Study has proved this to be nonsense. There are, or were, hundreds of American Indian languages, and all of them turn out to be very complicated and very old. They are certainly different from the langu
31、ages that most of us are familiar with, but they are no more primitive than English and Greek.A third thing we know about language is that all languages are perfectly adequate. That is, each one is a perfect means of expressing the culture of the people who speak the language.Finally, we know that l
32、anguage changes. It is natural and normal for language to change; the only languages which do not change are the dead ones. This is easy to understand if we look backward in time. Change goes on in all aspects of language. Grammatical features change as do speech sounds, and changes in vocabulary ar
33、e sometimes very extensive and may occur very rapidly. Vocabulary is the least stable part of any language.（分数：15.00）(1).In the second paragraph the author thinks that _. A. some backward race doesnt have a language of its own B. some race in history didnt possess a language of its own C. any human
34、race, whether backward or not, has a language D. some races on earth can communicate without language（分数：3.00）A.B.C.D.(2).According to the author, people of undeveloped cultures can have _ languages. A. complicated B. uncivilized C. primitive D. well-known（分数：3.00）A.B.C.D.(3).The author has used Ame
35、rican Indian languages as an example to show that they are _. A. just as old as some well-known languages B. just as sophisticated as some well-known languages C. more developed than some well-known languages D. more complex than some well-known languages（分数：3.00）A.B.C.D.(4).Which of the following s
36、tatements is INCORRECT? A. A language is a means of expressing a particular culture. B. All languages can well express their respective cultures. C. American Indian languages are as sophisticated as English. D. Some languages are better than other languages.（分数：3.00）A.B.C.D.(5).According to the auth
37、or, language changes are most likely to occur in _. A. grammar B. pronunciation C. vocabulary D. intonation（分数：3.00）A.B.C.D.六、B第二篇/B(总题数：1，分数：15.00)Stress Level Tied to Education LevelPeople with less education suffer fewer stressful days, according to a report in the current issue of the Journal of
38、 Health and Social Behavior.However, the study also found that when less-educated people did suffer stress it was more severe and had a larger impact on their health.From this, researchers have concluded that the day-to-day factors that cause stress are not random. Where you are in society determine
39、s the kinds of problems that you have each day, and how well you will cope with them.The research team interviewed a national sample of 1,031 adults daily for eight days about their stress level and health. People without a high school diploma reported stress on 30 percent of the study days, people
40、with a high school degree reported stress 38 percent of the time, and people with college degrees reported stress 44 percent of the time.“Less advantaged people are less healthy on a daily basis and are more likely to have downward turns in their health,“ lead researcher Dr. Joseph Grzywacz, of Wake
41、 Forest University Baptist Medical Center, said in a prepared statement. “The downward turns in health were connected with daily stressors and the effect of daily stressors on their health is much more devastating for the less advantaged.“Grzywacz suggested follow-up research to determine why less-e
42、ducated people report fewer days of stress when it is known their stress is more acute and chronic.“If something happens every day, maybe its not seen as a stressor,“ Grzywacz says. “Maybe it is just life.“（分数：15.00）(1).Stress level is closely related to _. A. family size B. social status C. body we
43、ight D. work experience（分数：3.00）A.B.C.D.(2).The 1,031 adults were interviewed _. A. on a daily basis for 8 days B. during one of eight days C. all by Grzywacz D. in groups（分数：3.00）A.B.C.D.(3).Which group reported the biggest number of stressful days? A. People without any education. B. People withou
44、t high school degrees. C. People with high school degrees. D. People with college degrees.（分数：3.00）A.B.C.D.(4).The less advantaged people are, the greater _. A. the impact of stress on their health is B. the effect of education on their health is C. the level of their education is D. the degree of t
45、heir health concern is（分数：3.00）A.B.C.D.(5).Less-educated people report fewer days of stress possibly because _. A. they dont want to tell the truth B. they dont want to face the truth C. stress is too common a factor in their life D. their stress is more acute（分数：3.00）A.B.C.D.七、B第三篇/B(总题数：1，分数：15.00
46、)Adaptation of Living ThingsCertain animals and plants develop characteristics that help them cope with their environment better than others of their kind. This natural biological process is called adaptation. Among the superior characteristics developed through adaptation are those that may help in
47、 getting food or shelter, in providing protection, and in producing and protecting the young. That results in the evolution of more and more organisms that are better fitted to their Benvironments/B.Each living thing is adapted to its way of life in a general way, but each is adapted especially to its own distinct class. A plant, for example, depends upon its roots to fix itself firmly and to absorb water and inorganic chemicals. It depends upon its green leaves for using the suns energy to make food from inorganic chemicals. These are ge
