1、职称英语综合类 C 级模拟 78 及答案解析(总分：100.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、第 1 部分：词汇选项(总题数：15，分数：15.00)1.Most animal fats are saturated, containing more hydrogen than carbon, and do not spoil as easily as unsaturated fats.（分数：1.00）A.meltB.get used upC.go badD.liquify2.Before the first Apollo rocket went to the Moon, a spot for
2、landing the lunar module was carefully chosen.（分数：1.00）A.climateB.latitudeC.seaD.location3.The osprey flies above the water and when it spots a fish it swoops down to catch it.（分数：1.00）A.dropsB.seesC.wantsD.selects4.My aunt said that she couldn“t stand being kept waiting.（分数：1.00）A.representB.crumbl
3、eC.tolerateD.put out5.The trumpet was part of the opera orchestra long before it became a standard orchestral instrument.（分数：1.00）A.majorB.tunefulC.desirableD.regular6.It has taken many years to adopt internationally recognized standards for the licensing of aircraft pilots.（分数：1.00）A.dataB.criteria
4、C.committeesD.flags7.Recent studies have shown that the stature of male Americans has scarcely changed in the past two hundred years.（分数：1.00）A.weightB.heightC.life spanD.head size8.Emily Greene Balch“s steadfast labor for freedom and for cooperation among individuals and peoples brought her the Nob
5、el Peace Prize in 1946.（分数：1.00）A.unwaveringB.acceleratedC.uninhibitedD.aggressive9.The amount of time spent watching television in the average household in the United States has risen steadily since television sets were introduced in the 1950“s.（分数：1.00）A.discreetlyB.consistentlyC.automaticallyD.di
6、sproportionately10.Even with detailed knowledge about an area, geologists cannot easily locate stores of underground natural gas.（分数：1.00）A.varietiesB.mapsC.suppliesD.shops11.It is understandable that early civilizations blamed storms on the gods.（分数：1.00）A.bad weatherB.unsuccessful harvestsC.illnes
7、sD.warfare12.Many of Edith Wharton“s best stories were completed under great personal strain.（分数：1.00）A.povertyB.privacyC.resentmentD.tension13.United States Navy Admiral Alfred Mahan wrote many books on naval strategy and sea power.（分数：1.00）A.tacticsB.historyC.battlesD.armaments14.A whale shark“s b
8、ody is stout but streamlined , like that of a whale.（分数：1.00）A.toughB.brightly spottedC.stripedD.smoothly shaped15.It is easy to misjudge the strength of the wind.（分数：1.00）A.forceB.directionC.temperatureD.effect二、第 2 部分：阅读判断(总题数：1，分数：7.00)Moderate Earthquake Strikes EnglandA moderate earthquake stru
9、ck parts of southeast England on 28 April 2007, toppling chimneys from houses and rousing residents from their beds. Several thousand people were left without power in Kent County. One women suffered minor head and neck injuries. “It felt as if the whole house was being slid across like a fun-fair r
10、ide,“ said the woman. The British Geological Survey said the 4.3-magnitude quake struck at 8:19 a.m. and was centered under the English Channel, about 8.5 miles south of Dover and near the entrance to the Channel Tunnel. Witnesses said cracks appeared in walls and chimneys collapsed across the count
11、y. Residents said the tremor had lasted for about 10 to 15 seconds. “I was lying in bed and it felt as if someone had just got up from bed next to me.“ Said Hendrick van Eck, 27, of Canterbury about 60 miles southeast of London. “I then heard the sound of cracking, and it was getting heavier and hea
12、vier. It felt as if someone was at the end of my bed hopping up and down.“ There are thousands of moderate quakes on this scale around the world each year, but they are rare in Britain. The April 28 quake was the strongest in Britain since 2002 when a 4.8-magnitude quake struck the central England c
13、ity of Birmingham. The country“s strongest earthquake took place in the North Sea in 1931, measuring 6.1 on the Richter scale. British Geological Survey scientist Roger Musson said the quake took place on 28 April in an area that had seen several of the biggest earthquakes ever to strike Britain, in
14、cluding one in 1580 that caused damage in London and was felt in France. Musson predicted that it was only a matter of time before another earthquake struck this part of England. However. people should not be scared too much by this prediction, Musson said, as the modern earthquake warning system of
15、 Britain should be able to detect a forthcoming quake and announce it several hours before it takes place. This would allow time for people to evacuate and reduce damage to the minimum.（分数：7.00）(1).During the April 28 earthquake, the whole England was left without power _.（分数：1.00）A.RightB.WrongC.No
16、t mentioned(2).The Channel Tunnel was closed for 10 hours after the earthquake occurred _.（分数：1.00）A.RightB.WrongC.Not mentioned(3).It was reported that one lady had got her head and neck injured, but not seriously _.（分数：1.00）A.RightB.WrongC.Not mentioned(4).France and several other European countri
17、es sent their medical teams to work side by side with the British doctors _.（分数：1.00）A.RightB.WrongC.Not mentioned(5).The country“s strongest earthquake took place in London in 1580 _.（分数：1.00）A.RightB.WrongC.Not mentioned(6).Musson predicted that another earthquake would occur in southeast England
18、sooner or later _.（分数：1.00）A.RightB.WrongC.Not mentioned(7).It can be inferred from the passage that England is rarely hit by high magnitude earthquakes _.（分数：1.00）A.RightB.WrongC.Not mentioned三、第 3 部分：概括大意与完成句子(总题数：1，分数：8.00)Washoe Learned American Sign Language1 An animal that influenced scientifi
19、c thought has died. A chimpanzee named Washoe and born in Africa died of natural causes late last month at the age of 42 at a research center in the American state of Washington. Washoe had become known in the scientific community and around the world for her ability to use American Sign Language. S
20、he was said to be the first non-human to learn a human language. Her skills also led to debate about primates and their ability to understand language. 2 Research scientists Allen and Beatrix Gardner began teaching Washoe sign language in 1966. In 1969, the Gardners described Washoe“s progress in a
21、scientific report. The people who experimented with Washoe said she grew to understand about 250 words. For example, Washoe made signs to communicate when it was time to eat. She could request foods like apples and bananas. She also asked questions like, “Who is coming to play?“ Once the news about
22、Washoe spread, many language scientists began studies of their own into this new and exciting area of research. The whole direction of primate research changed. 3 However, critics argued Washoe only learned to repeat sign language movements from watching her teachers. They said she had never develop
23、ed true language skills. Even now, there are some researchers who suggest that primates learn sign language only by memory, and perform the signs only for prizes. Yet Washoe“s keepers disagree. Roger Fouts is a former student of the Gardners. He took Washoe to a research center in Ellensburg, Washin
24、gton. There, Washoe taught sign language to three younger chimpanzees, which are still alive. 4 Scientists like private researcher Jane Goodall believe Washoe provided new information about the mental workings of chimpanzees. Today, there are not as many scientists studying language skills with chim
25、ps. Part of the reason is that this kind of research takes a very long time. 5 Debate continues about chimps understanding of human communication. Yet, one thing is sure-Washoe changed popular ideas about the possibilities of animal intelligence.（分数：8.00）(1).Paragraph 1 1. A. Reason Why Not Many Sci
26、entists Carry out This Research Nowadays B. Report about Washoe“s Progress in Learning Sign Language C. General Information about Washoe D. The Gardeners“ Contributions Recognized E. Debate on Chimps“ Intelligence F. Washoe“s Love for Three Young Chimps（分数：1.00）(2).Paragraph 2 1.（分数：1.00）(3).Paragra
27、ph 3 1.（分数：1.00）(4).Paragraph 4 1.（分数：1.00）(5).Washoe could make signs to communicate 1. A. If the Gardeners“ argument was sound B. because she was cleverer than other chimps C. when she wanted to eat D. while she was at a research center in Ellensburg E. Because she could use sign language to ask f
28、or fruits F. while Washoe was learning sign language（分数：1.00）(6).Some scientists doubted 1.（分数：1.00）(7).Washoe thought three younger chimps sign language 1.（分数：1.00）(8).The experimenters thought Washoe was intelligent 1.（分数：1.00）四、第 4 部分：阅读理解(总题数：0，分数：0.00)五、第一篇(总题数：1，分数：15.00)The SaharaThe name Sah
29、ara derives from the Arabic word for “desert“ or “steppe“. At 3.5 million square miles, an area roughly the size of the United States, the Sahara Desert in northern Africa is the largest desert in the world. It spans the continent from the Atlantic Ocean to the Red Sea. Daytime temperatures can reac
30、h as high as 130. The humidity sometimes gets into the teens. But it can also be as low as 2.5 percent, the lowest in the world. Most of the Sahara receives less than five inches of rain per year, while large areas sometimes have no rainfall at all for years. At the heart of the Sahara is the landlo
31、cked north African country of Niger. Here the sand dunes can be 100 feet tall and several miles long. Here sand plains stretch over an area larger than Germany where there is neither water nor towns. Yet sitting in the midst of the surrounding desert is the town of Bilma. Suddenly there are pools of
32、 clear water. Surprisingly, there are groves of date palms. Underground water resources, or oases, sufficient to support irrigated agriculture are found in dry stream beds and depressions. Irrigation ditches run off a creek to water fields. Corn, cassava, tea, peanuts, hot peppers, and orange, lime,
33、 and grapefruit trees grow in these fields. Donkeys and goats graze on green grass. The Sahara of Niger is still a region where you can see a camel caravan of 500 camels tied together in loose lines as long as a mile, traveling toward such oasis towns. There a caravan will collect life-sustaining sa
34、lt, which is mined from watery basins, and transport it up to 400 miles back to settlements on the edges of the desert. The round trip across the vast sands takes one month.（分数：15.00）(1).This passage is mostly about _.（分数：3.00）A.the deserts of AfricaB.life in the SaharaC.how camels travel in the des
35、ertD.Bilma(2).Rainfall in most of the Sahara is _.（分数：3.00）A.less than twenty inches per yearB.less than five inches per yearC.zeroD.less than ten inches per year(3).The Sahara can be described as _.（分数：3.00）A.a place of contrastsB.an area where the winters are coldC.an area that appeals to many tou
36、ristsD.a place where no one lives(4).The phrase “an area roughly the size of the United States“ gives an indication of the size of _.（分数：3.00）A.the SaharaB.all of AfricaC.northern AfricaD.Niger(5).In this passage caravan means _.（分数：3.00）A.a small, fast sailing shipB.traveling circusC.railroad train
37、D.group traveling together through difficult country六、第二篇(总题数：1，分数：15.00)American Marriage and FamilyMore surprising, perhaps, than the current difficulties of traditional marriage is the fact that marriage itself is alive and thriving. As Skolnick notes, Americans are a marrying people. relative to
38、 Europeans, more of us marry and we marry at a younger age. Moreover, after a decline in the early 1970s, the rate of marriage in the United States is now increasing. Even the divorce rate need to be taken in this pro-marriage context: some 80 percent of divorced individuals remarry. Thus marriage r
39、emains, by far, the preferred way of life for the vast majority of people in our society. What has changed more than marriage is the nuclear family. Twenty-five years ago, the typical American family consisted of a husband, a wife, and two or three children. Now, there are many marriages in which co
40、uples have decided not to have any children. And there are many marriages where at least some of the children are from the wife“s previous marriages, of the husband“s, or both. Sometimes these children spend all of their time with one parent from the former marriage; sometimes they are shared betwee
41、n the two former spouses Thus, one can find every type of family arrangement. There are marriages without children; marriages with children from only the present marriage; marriages with “full-time“ children from both the present and former marriages; marriages with “full-time“ children from the pre
42、sent marriage and “part-time“ children from former marriages. There are stepfathers, stepmothers, half-brothers, and half-sisters. It is not all that unusual for a child to have four parents and grandparents! These are enormous changes from the traditional nuclear family. But even so, even in the mi
43、dst of all this, there remains one constant: most Americans spend most of their adult life married.（分数：15.00）(1).By calling Americans marrying people the author means that _.（分数：3.00）A.Americans are more traditional than EuropeansB.Americans expect more out of marriage than EuropeansC.there are more
44、 married couples in the U. S than in EuropeD.more of Americans, as compared with Europeans, prefer marriage and they accept it at a younger age.(2).Divorced Americans _.（分数：3.00）A.will most likely remarryB.prefer the way they liveC.have lost faith in marriageD.are the vast majority of people in the
45、society(3).Which of the following can be presented as the picture of today“s American families?（分数：3.00）A.A typical American family consists of only a husband and a wife.B.Many types of family arrangements have become socially acceptable.C.Americans prefer to have more kids than before.D.There are n
46、o nuclear families any more.(4).“Part-time“ children _.（分数：3.00）A.spend some of their time with their half brothers and some of their time with their half sistersB.spend all of their time with one parent from previous marriageC.are shared between the two former spousesD.cannot stay with “full-time“
47、children(5).Even though great changes have taken place in the structure of American families, _.（分数：3.00）A.the functions of marriage remain unchangedB.the vast majority of Americans still have faith in marriageC.most Americans prefer a second marriageD.all of the above七、第三篇(总题数：1，分数：15.00)Silent and
48、 DeadlyTransient ischemic attacks(TIAS), or ministrokes, result from temporary interruptions of blood flow to the brain. Unlike full strokes, they present symptoms lasting anywhere from a few seconds to 24 hours. Rarely do they cause permanent neurological damage, but they are often precursors of a
49、major stroke. “Our message is quite clear,“ says Dr. Robert Adams, professor of neurology at the Medical College of Georgia in August. “TIAS, while less severe than strokes in the short term, are quite dangerous and need a quick diagnosis and treatment as well as appropriate follow-up to prevent future injury.“ Unfortunately, ministrokes are greatly underdiagnosed. A study conducted for the National Stroke Association indicates that 2.5% of all adults aged 18 or older(about 4.9 million people in the U.S.) have exp
