1、专业八级-114 (1)及答案解析(总分：101.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、BPART LISTENIN(总题数：1，分数：10.00)BSECTION A/BIn this section you will hear a mini. lecture. You will hear the lecture ONCE ONLY. While listening to the lecture, take notes on the important points. Your notes will not be marked, but you will need them to complete
2、 a gap-filling task on ANSWER SHEET ONE after the mini-lecture. Use the blank paper fornote-taking.Now listen to the mini. lecture.BHumanities Disciplines/BIn many peoples eyes, the humanities disciplines seem to be dying out.However, actually, students continue to enroll in humanities courses andlo
3、ts of scholarship is still published. The humanities disciplines feeldislocated, because they appear to have lost their (1)_. (1) _And the most important one is exactly what those roots were.The history of higher education in the United States since (2)_ can (2) _be divided into 2 periods. The first
4、 period (19451975):A period of (3)_and known in the literature on American (3) _education as the Golden Age, during which the composition of the highereducation system changed not too much, but the size of the system(4)_ dramatically. (4) _This expansion includes three factors:1) The baby boom: a pe
5、riod of record (5)_that followed a period of (5) _record low blah ratesthe (6)_and the Second World War; (6) _2) The relatively high domestic economic growth rate after (7)_; (7) _3) The Cold War: American university had been drawn into the business ofgovernment-related (8)_research during the Secon
6、d World War. (8) _IL The second period (1975present)A period of (9)_, during which the size of the system has grown at a much (9) _more (10)_pace, and the composition has changed dramatically. (10) _（分数：10.00）(1).（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_二、BSECTI
7、ON B/B(总题数：1，分数：5.00)In this section you will hear everything ONCE ONLY. Listen carefully and then answer the questions that follow. Mark the correct answer to each question on your answer sheet.Questions 1 to 5 are based on an interview with a chief-editor. At the end of the interview you will be g
8、iven 10 seconds to answer each of the following questions.Now listen to the interview.（分数：5.00）(1).The interviewees first job was with_.（分数：1.00）A.a newspaperB.the governmentC.a construction firmD.a private company(2).The interviewee is not self-employed mainly because_.（分数：1.00）A.his wife likes him
9、 to work for a firmB.he prefers working for the governmentC.self-employed work is very demandingD.self-employed work is sometimes insecure(3).To study architecture in a university one must_.（分数：1.00）A.be interested in artsB.study pure science firstC.get good exam resultsD.be good at drawing(4).On th
10、e subject of drawing the interviewee says that_.（分数：1.00）A.technically speaking artists draw very wellB.an artists drawing differs little from an architectsC.precision is a vital skill for the architectD.architects must be natural artists(5).The interviewee says that the job of an architect is_.（分数：
11、1.00）A.more theoretical than practicalB.to produce sturdy, well-designed buildingsC.more practical than theoreticalD.to produce attractive, interesting buildings三、BSECTION C/B(总题数：3，分数：6.00)In this section you will hear everything ONCE ONLY. Listen carefully and then answer the questions that follow
12、. Mark the correct answer to each question on your answer sheet.Question 6 is based on the following news item. At the end of the news item, you will be given 10 seconds to answer the question.Now listen to the news.（分数：2.00）(1). Question 6 is based on the following news item. At the end of the news
13、 item, you will be given 10 seconds to answer the question.Now listen to the news.（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.Questions 7 and 8 are based on the following news item. At the end of the news item, you will be given 10 seconds to answer each question.Now listen to the news.（分数：2.00）(1).According to the news, whic
14、h of the following statements is NOT true?（分数：1.00）A.Former President of Russia Yeltsin died of a heart attack at 76.B.Bill Clinton and his wife are expected to attend on behalf of the United States.C.Ordinary Russians can pay their last respects to Mr. Yeltsin.D.Putin declared Wednesday a national
15、day of mourning across Russia.(2).Why have Russias media painted a mostly positive spin on Yeltsins life?（分数：1.00）A.To praise the political and economic freedoms he introduced.B.To praise his efforts to the countrys economy.C.To remember his devotion to the countrys political development.D.To rememb
16、er his work to the countrys common workers.Questions 9 to 10 are based on the following news item. At the end of the news item, you will be given 20 seconds to answer each question.Now listen to the news.（分数：2.00）(1).According to Bush, The United States will help African nations strengthen their_.（分
17、数：1.00）A.stock marketsB.motor industryC.financial marketsD.medicine factories(2).U.S. President urged the U.S. Congress to play a key role in the fight against_ in Africa.（分数：1.00）A.starvationB.AIDSC.discriminationD.unemployment四、BPART READING (总题数：7，分数：20.00)In this section there are several readin
18、g passages followed by a total of twenty multiple-choice questions. Read the passages carefully and then mark your answers on your coloured answer sheet.BTEXT A/BThe music industry, hurt by a decline in CD sales and the continued free swapping of files on the Internet, took the drastic action last w
19、eek filing more than 250 lawsuits against consumers. But whatever catharsis record executives and their lawyers may feel, the courts cannot solve the music industrys fundamental problem. Nor does the answer lie in getting people to pay for each music file they download from the Internet.Instead of c
20、linging to late-20th-century distribution technologies, like the digital disk and the down- loaded file, the music business should move into the 21st century with a revamped business model using innovative technology, several industrys experts say. They want the music industry to do unto the file-sw
21、apping services what the services did unto the music companieseclipse them with better technology and superior customer convenience.Their vision might be called “everywhere Internet audio“. Music fans instead of downloading files on KaZaAwhether they were using computers, home stereos, radios or han
22、dheld devices-would have access to all music the record companies hold in their vaults. Listeners could request that any song be immediately streamed to them via the Internet.If consumers could do this, the argument goes, they would have no interest in amassing thousands of songs on their hard drive
23、s. There would be no “theft“ of music, because no one would bother to take possession of the song. To clinch music fans loyalty to the new system, and make them willing to pay for it, the music companies and the supporting industry would need to provide attractively priced, easy-to-use services to g
24、ive consumers full access to the hundreds of thousands of songs available to them.Consumers could still ask for song titles or artists, as they do now on KaZaA. But they could also, for example request rock n roll tunes like Hat that appeared for more than three weeks in Billboards Top 10 during the
25、 1960 s. Or they could ask for early 1990s guitarists that sound like Eric Clapton, or new mists similar in style to Alanis Morissette.Requests could be intricate, like asking for music subsequently recorded by the original members of the Lovins Spoonful. Or they could be simple, like requesting lig
26、ht jazz for dinner-party background music. The system would be interactive and could learn each users tastes. As listeners voted thumbs up or down to tunes (should they choose to), the service would amend their personal libraries accordingly.If it worked, it would be as if we each had our own privat
27、e satellite radio channelscustomizable collection of tunes for hundreds of millions of audiences of one. It is a compelling business model, and the current music companies, as the owners of the content, could be at the fore of the system.A tiny taste of such an approach is available on Internet radi
28、o networks like . On such services, listeners can essentially customize a radio station to their individual tastes. But crucial to the future of everywhere Internet audio, many believe, lies in widespread wireless Internet access, because wireless means portability. “Wireless gives the record compan
29、ies a chance to do it all over again, and this time get it right,“ said Jim Griffin, the former head of technology at Geffen Records and now the chief executive of the music publisher Cherry Lane Digital. Mr. Griffin is also a founder of pholist.org, home of an active online discussion of music s fu
30、ture on the Internet.Many of the brightest industry insiders, academies, lawyers, musicians, industry critics, broadcasters and venture capitalists assemble at pholist.org daily to debate the music business beyond downloading. Many say wireless holds the key. Myriad portable devices already offer In
31、ternet access. Some, like the BlackBerry, maintain an always-on wireless Internet connection. Some business-oriented devices, like the Palm Tungsten, now play high-fidelity music in the MP3 format. Newer cellphones also offer MP3 functions, and include extra features like digital cameras and FM radi
32、os.The seers once thought portable devices would connect to the Internet via cellphone technology. But it now appears that Hi-Fi hotspots,-wireless Internet access hubsmay eventually provide blanket cover- age in urban areas and became the dominant means of connection. But there are big obstacles to
33、 overcome. To make “everywhere Internet audio“ profitable, the music industry must develop a system to collect money from users and divide it fairly among performers, song-writers and others involved in creating music. How this would work is already causing hot debate. Mr. Griffin and many others in
34、 the pholist.org discussion advocate an Internet fee that would create a revenue pool to be distributed according to song popularity. Current recording industry sales in the United States work out to about $2.50 a month per person.As CDs sales declined, a digital musical Surcharge, or something simi
35、lar, could be assessed by Intemet providers. At regular intervals, the industry could sample what music is being streamed to users, to determine the distribution of money to the responsible parties. By using sampling, as opposed to detailed census techniques, listeners would not have to worry about
36、invasions of their privacy. This idea would turn the recording industrys business model upside down. Institutions are genetically averse to massive change. But the payoff could be huge. Right now, for example, the industry incurs large costs from its CD distribution model. The industry also has many
37、 intermediaries, including distributors and promoters. To take a band from obscurity to popularity is expensive, but that is what music labels must do if they want shelf space at the record store. Recording companies are in constant quest of superstars, because fewer than 10 percent of CDs released
38、make a profit. Revenues generated by the best sellers must try to cover the losses incurred by less popular releases.In this context, the Internet could be a godsend to musicians as well. It can distribute a digital copy of a song to a few or to millions of listeners with virtually no cost differenc
39、e. Music companies would have more incentive to nurture minor artists. As a society and culture, many argue, we would be much better served by such an approach.Market forces, alone would not produce such a system. It would take enormous industry cooperation, which could only occur with government ap
40、proval, lest it be deemed a violation of antitrust laws. The need for cooperation and leadership is clear. Children should not wind up in court because they are fanatical about their favorite pop stars. If the music industry devised an affordable, equitable, and convenient alternative to file sharin
41、g, the fans would come, money in hand.（分数：5.00）(1).According to the passage, music industry should_.（分数：1.00）A.continue free swapping of files on the InternetB.continue to use late-20th-century distribution technologiesC.use more advanced technology and provide convenience to customersD.bring lawsui
42、ts against consumers for the music files they download from the Internet(2).It is suggested that to make fans willing to pay for the music they get from the internet, the music companies and the related industry should do the following EXCEPT_.（分数：1.00）A.give them full access to the music they likeB
43、.provide acceptable pricesC.satisfy their needs immediatelyD.permit them to possess the music in their own way(3)._ has tried such an approach as “everywhere Internet audio“.（分数：1.00）A.KaZaABC.pholist.orgD.Black Berry(4).Which of the following statements best explains “wireless holds the key“?（分数：1.
44、00）A.Wireless Internet access is crucial to the development of music industry.B.Wireless telephone should be used universally.C.Wireless Internet connection is applicable without question.D.Wireless Internet connection will be the most profitable means of connection.(5).It can be inferred from the p
45、assage that_.（分数：1.00）A.CD sales are on the increaseB.for big profits music companies would not employ minor artists if they use “everywhere Internet audio“ systemC.many people assemble at pholist, org daily only to discuss downloading music on InternetD.the new system is applicable with government
46、approval and industry cooperation1.BTEXT B/BIf there was one thing Americans had a right to expect from Congress, it was a federal plan to help the elderly pay for prescription drugs. It is a promise that has been made again and againin particularly high decibels during the last presidential electio
47、n. The House and Senate have passed bills, and although both are flawed, this page has urged Congress to finish work on them as a first step toward fulfilling this longstanding commitment.Unfortunately, things have changed. The government cannot afford the program now. That is the fault of President
48、 Bush and the Republican majorities in the House and Senate. They broke the bank with their enormous tax cuts. The country is facing the largest budget deficit in history, and there is no realistic plan for getting it under control. The limited version of a prescription drug benefit now being considered in Congress would cost about $ 400 billion over 10 years.Older Americans had a right to expect that help, but they do not have a right to demand it, not w
