1、专业八级-203 (1)及答案解析(总分：94.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、BPART LISTENIN(总题数：0，分数：0.00)二、BSECTION A/B(总题数：1，分数：10.00)William Faulkner was born in Oxford, Miss. He had U U 4 /U /Ueducation, then he joined the British Royal Air Force in Canada because he was too short. After the war he stayed at the University of Missi
2、ssippi and began to publish poems or essays. In New Orleans, he met Sherwood Anderson, who helped him a lot. With the publication of Sartoris ( 1929), he found Yoknapatawpha U U 5 /U /Ua regional myth of 200 - year - long history, which was written in a U U 6 /U /Uhut often baroque style and conside
3、red as a U U 7 /U /UAmong all novels, The Sound and the Fury U 1 /U, As I lay Dyig U 2 /U, Sanctuary U 3 /U,Light in August (1932) ,Absalom, Absalom (1936) ,received much critical U U 8 /U /U.Apart from the creation of long novels, Faulkner often used short storiesto fill U U 9 /U /Uin the historica
4、l development of Yoknapatawpha County. Durihg the 1930s he was off and on in Hollywood as a script writer, but his works for film are not accounted as being of much U U 10 /U /UFor his literary accomplishments he was U U 11 /U /Ua Nobel Prize in 1950 and he made a brief but important statement about
5、 his belief in the Nobel U U 12 /U /USpeech:I believe that man will not merely endure: he will U U 13 /U /U.“ （分数：10.00）填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_三、BSECTION B/B(总题数：1，分数：5.00)（分数：5.00）(1).What is NOT mentioned as part of the preparation that needs to be ma
6、de before marriage? A. Learn about the religious conviction of your spouse. B. Ask about the future plans of your spouse. C. Talk about childrens education. D. Get on well with the family members.（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(2).What does the example of cell phone show? A. Women might get more aggressive after
7、marriage. B. A bad habit might become worse after marriage. C. Women speak differently on the phone before and after marriage. D. Speaking loudly on the phone is a very annoying habit.（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(3).Which is mentioned about extra-marital affairs by Mark Barondess? A. It is not taken seriously
8、now. B. More people tend to cheat on their partners in the country. C. There are more women than men who are involved in extra-marital affairs now. D. It is the secret to a happy marriage.（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(4).According to Mark, divorce rate for the second marriages is higher most likely because_. A.
9、 people dont learn lessons from their first marriages B. there is a hidden pattern governing marriage and divorce C. they dont treat marriage seriously enough D. they didnt make a pre-nuptial agreement（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(5).Which of the following is NOT mentioned as potential readers of the book in th
10、e interview? A. Mother whose daughter is going to get married. B. Someone who is going to get married. C. People who are contemplating marriage. D. People who are thinking about divorce.（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.四、BSECTION C/B(总题数：2，分数：6.00)（分数：3.00）(1).Homeland Security Secretary Michael Chertoff is blamed
11、for A. getting involved in a bribery. B. dealing in an illegal transaction. C. endangering national security. D. being negligent of his duty.（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(2).Michael Chertoff defends himself asserting that he made the deal because A. Arabic terrorists will not attack the USA any more. B. it is e
12、ssential to maintain an active trading environment. C. there is no need to block a companys control over terminals. D. it is not fair to cut off business with foreign companies.（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(3).Which of the following statements about the man is TRUE? A. He has been put into prison twice. B. He i
13、s waiting for the trial. C. He is “Ivan the Terrible“. D. He whipped Jews in a Nazi camp.语音下载（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.（分数：3.00）(1).What is the favorite drink in Ireland? A. coffee B. stout C. brandy D. fresh milk（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(2).Which is the focal point for life in the village? A. discotheques B. cinema
14、plexes C. church D. pub（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(3).Which of the following sentence is wrong about Mayo and village life in Ireland? A. Mayo is a very wild county. B. In villages around Ireland coming to the pub is a primary entertainment. C. Its very easy for you to feel part of the crowd. D. Because of th
15、e wild environment, you should go to bed early at night.（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.五、BPART READING (总题数：0，分数：0.00)六、BTEXT A/B(总题数：1，分数：4.00)Since the late 1970s, in the face of a severe loss of market share in dozens of industries, manufacturers in the United States have been trying to improve productivity an
16、d therefore enhance their international competitiveness through cost-cuttig programs. (Cost-cutting here is defining the amount of labor constant. ) However, from 1978 through 1982, productivity - the value of goods manufactured divided by the amount of labor input - did not improve; and while the r
17、esults were better in the business upturn of the three years following, they ran 25 percent lower than productivity improvements during earlier, post-1945 upturns. At the smile, it became clear the harder manufactures worked to implement cost-curling, the more they lost their competitive edge.With t
18、his paradox in mind, I recently visited 25 companies; it became clear to me that the cost-cutting approach to increasing productivity is fundamentally flawed. Manufacturing regularly observes a “40, 40, 20“ rule Roughly 40 percent of any manufacturing-based competitive advantage derives from long-te
19、rm changes in manufacturing structure (decisions about the number, size, location, and capacity of facilities) and in approaches to materials. Another 40 percent comes from major changes in equipment and process technology. The final 20 percent rests on implementing conventional cost-cutting. This r
20、ule does not be tried. The well-known tools of this approach - including simplifying jobs and retraining employees to work smarter, not harder - do produce results. But the tools quickly reach the limits of what they can contribute.Another problem is that the cost-cutting approach hinders innovation
21、 and discourages creative people. As Abernathys study of automobile manufacturers has shown, an industry can easily become prisoner of its own investment in cast-cutting techniques, reducing its ability to develop new products. And managers under pressure to maximize cost-cutting will resist innovat
22、ion because they know that more fundamental changes in processes or systems will wreak havoc with the results on which they are measured. Production managers have always seen their job as one of minimizing costs and maximizing out- put. This dimension of performance has until recently sufficed as a
23、basis of evaluation, but it has created a penny-pinching, mechanistic culture in most factories that has kept away creative managers.Every company I know that has freed itself from the paradox has done so, in part, by developing and implementing a manufacturing strategy. Such a strategy facturing an
24、d implementing a manufacturing strategy. Such a strateg7 focuses on the manufacturing structure and on equipment and process technology. In one company a manufacturing strategy that allowed different areas of the factory to specialize in different markets replaced the conventional cost-cutting appro
25、ach; -within three years the company regained its competitive advantage. Together with such strategies, successful companies are also encouraging managers to focus on a wider set of objectives besides cutting costs. There is hope for manufacturing, but it clearly rests on a different way of managing
26、.（分数：4.00）(1).The author of the passage is primarily concerned with _. A. summarizing a thesis B. recommending a different approach C. comparing points of view D. making a series of predictions （分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(2).The authors attitude toward the culture in most factories is best described as _. A.
27、cautious B.critical C. disinterested D. respeciful （分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(3).In the passage, the author includes all of the following EXCEPT _. A. a business principle B. a definition of productivity C. an example of a successful company D. an illustration of a process technology （分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(4).The
28、 author suggests that implementing manufacturing competitiveness is a strategy that is _. A. flawed and ruinous B. shortsighted and difficult to sustain C. popular and easily accomplished D. useful but inadequate （分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.七、BTEXT B/B(总题数：1，分数：5.00)Watchdogs are growling at the web giants, an
29、d sometimes biting them. European data-protection agencies wrote to Google, Microsoft and Yahoo! demanding independent proof that they were making promised changes to protect the privacy of users search history. They also urged Google to store sensitive search data for only six months instcad of nin
30、e.Ten privacy and data-protection commissioners from countries including Canada, Germany and Britain wrote a public letter to Eric Schmidt, Googles boss, demanding changes in Google Buzz, the firms social-networking service, which had been criticised for dipping into users Gmail accounts to find “fo
31、llowers“ for them without clearly explaining what it was doing. Google promptly complied.Such run-ins with regulators are likely to multiply and limit the freedom of global Internet firms. It is not just that online privacy has become a controversial issue. More importantly, privacy rules are nation
32、al, but data flows lightly and instantly across borders, often thanks to companies like Google and Facebook, which manage vast databases.A recent scandal dubbed “Wi-Figate“ exemplifies the problem. Google (accidentally, it insists) gathered data from unsecured Wi-Fi networks in peoples homes as part
33、 of a project to capture images of streets around the world. A number of regulators launched investigations. Yet their reaction varied widely, even within the European Union, where member states have supposedly aligned their stance on online privacy. Some European regulators ordered Google to preser
34、ve the data it had collected in their bailiwicks; others demanded that information related to their countries be destroyed.Despite such differences within Europe, the gap is much greater between Europe and America, home to many of the worlds largest online social networks and search engines. Europea
35、n regulations are inspired by the conviction that data privacy is a fundamental human right and that individuals should be in control of how their data are used. America, on the other hand, takes a more relaxed view, allowing people to use consumer-protection laws to seek redress if they feel their
36、privacy has been violated. Companies that handle users data are largely expected to police themselves.Some experts say this dichotomy explains why Silicon Valley firms that strike out abroad have sometimes been the targets of European Union data watchdogs. Jules Polonetsky of the Future of Privacy F
37、orum, a think tank, says that many American firms have yet to learn that showing up in Europe and extolling the virtues of self-regulation is likely to be as ineffective as rightwing politicians denouncing antidiscrimination laws back home.Transatlantic friction between companies and regulators has
38、grown as Europes data guardians have become more assertive. Francesca Bignami, a professor at George Washington Universitys law school, says that the explosion of digital technologies has made it impossible for watchdogs to keep a close eye on every web company operating in their backyard. So instea
39、d they are relying more on scapegoating prominent wrongdoers in the hope that this will deter others.But regulators such as Peter Schaar, who heads Germanys federal data-protection agency, say the gulf is exaggerated. Some European countries, he points out, now have rules that make companies who suf
40、fer big losses of customer data to report these to the authorities. The inspiration for these measures comes from America.Yet even Mr. Schaar admits that the Internets global scale means that there will need to be changes on both sides of the Atlantic. He hints that Europe might adopt a more flexibl
41、e regulatory stance if America were to create what amounts to an independent data-protection body along European lines. In Europe, where the flagship Data Protection Directive came into effect in 1995, before firms such as Google and Facebook were even founded, the European Commission is conducting
42、a review of its privacy policies. In America, Congress has begun debating a new privacy bill and the Federal Trade Commission is considering an overhaul of its rules. David Vladeck, the head of the FTCs Bureau of Consumer Protection, has acknowledged that “existing privacy frameworks have limitation
43、s“.Even if America and Europe do narrow their differences, Internet firms will still have to grapple with other data watchdogs. In Asia, countries that belong to APEC are trying to develop a set of regional guidelines for privacy rules under an initiative known as the Data Privacy Pathfinder. Some c
44、ountries such as Australia and New Zealand have longstanding privacy laws, but many emerging nations have yet to roll out fully fledged versions of their own. Mr. Polonetsky sees Asia as “a new privacy battleground“, with America and Europe both keen to tempt countries towards their own regulatory m
45、odel. Shoehorning such firms into antiquated privacy frameworks will not benefit either them or their users.（分数：5.00）(1).“Watchdogs“ in the first paragraph refers to A. European data-protection agencies. B. ten privacy and data-protection commissioners. C. web guardians in American and Europe. D. co
46、mpanies such as Google, Microsoft and Yahoo!.（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(2).The word “bailiwicks“ in Paragraph 4 probably means A. authority. B. countries. C. networks. D. fields.（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(3).It can be inferred from the passage that A. Americans pay less attention to their privacy than Europeans. B. A
47、merican firms should be more careful to collect data in Europe. C. European regulators attempt to ban American firms of data collection. D. European web giants welcome the regulations of European watchdogs.（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(4).Mr. Schaars attitude towards watchdogs in America and Europe is A. biased. B. objective. C. ambivalent. D. ambiguous.（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(5).The best title for the passage is A. European and American Watchdogs. B. The Clash of Data Civilisations. C. Regulators and Internet Companies. D. Legal Confusion on Privacy.（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.八、BTEXT C/B(总题数
