1、专业八级-206 (1)及答案解析(总分：95.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、BPART LISTENIN(总题数：1，分数：10.00)BModes of Transportation/BThere are a variety of means for transportation. Usually, the choice of transportation depends on the (1) _ of goods (1) _ and the points of distribution.There are five major means of transportation: rail
2、roads, airplanes, ships, trucks, and pipelines. Often, goods may be transported by a combination of (2) _ (2) _Railroads are best adapted to the transportation of (3) _ products that are low in value in relation to their (3) _weight. Truck lines are effective for transporting high-valuegoods short d
3、istances. With the (4) _, trucks can reach (4) _almost every destination without (5) _ goods. Air freight (5) _ used to be a means to speed (6) _ or expensive but light (6) _ products, but this changed with the introduction of (7) _ (7) _Transportation by waterways is characterized by low cost and l
4、ow speed. A new development is the use of (8) _ ships. (8) _Pipelines are a special form of transportation mainly used to move gasoline, crude oil and (9) _ , but they can also (9) _move (10) _ like coal. (10) _（分数：10.00）填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_二、BSECTIO
5、N B/B(总题数：1，分数：5.00)(1).Cattle raising is not necessarily a profitable business because（分数：1.00）A.the demand is too lowB.the supply is too largeC.the cost is too highD.the price is changeable(2).Despite insecure returns the ranchers raise cattle because（分数：1.00）A.they like investmentsB.they like cha
6、llengesC.they like the jobD.they like the rural area(3).Beck does not agree with the interviewer who thinks that the rural life suffers（分数：1.00）A.isolationB.insecurityC.povertyD.crowdedness(4).According to Beck, children on the farm have all the following advantages EXCEPT that（分数：1.00）A.they are mo
7、re responsibleB.they are more self-reliantC.they know how to workD.they are more sophisticated(5).Beck thinks it is _ for the government to set a base price.（分数：1.00）A.helpfulB.reasonableC.wrongD.necessary三、BSECTION C/B(总题数：2，分数：5.00)(1).Which of the following does not characterize Mercury?（分数：1.00）
8、A.nearest of all planets to the sunB.extremely hotC.little known to peopleD.biggest of all planets(2).The spacecraft will make a journey of over _ years.（分数：1.00）A.sixB.nineC.twelveD.sixteen(3).Which of the following is true according to the report?（分数：1.00）A.The spacecraft will fly direct to Mercur
9、y.B.The spacecraft will fly three times past Mercury.C.The spacecraft was launched a week later than planned.D.There is no specific task for this journey.IQuestions 9 to 10 are based on the following news. At the end of the news item, you will be given 10 seconds to answer each question. Now listen
10、to the news./I（分数：2.00）(1).The ceremony held by Gypsies also serves to call peoples attention to discrimination against them, especially in（分数：1.00）A.Eastern EuropeB.Northern EuropeC.Western EuropeD.Southern Europe(2).The ceremony was observed with all the following EXCEPT（分数：1.00）A.speechesB.mournf
11、ul musicC.paradeD.visit四、BPART PROOFREA(总题数：10，分数：10.00)填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_五、BPART READING (总题数：3，分数：3.00)11.Speaking of Disraeli, a conventional professor would probably have _.（分数：1.00）A.focused on his accomplishments as a statesmanB.talked about
12、his family lifeC.explored the little-known aspects of the personD.looked at him from a fresh perspective12.Leacocks account of being summoned to look at a stewardesss knee _.（分数：1.00）A.tells us that he was always ready to help othersB.indicates that he was an incompetent doctorC.reveals that he was
13、very proud of his degreeD.shows that he could be playful sometimes13.Stephen Leacock could be described as all the following EXCEPT _.（分数：1.00）A.careless about his appearanceB.witty and eloquentC.an inspiring professorD.an absent-minded person六、BTEXT B/B(总题数：1，分数：3.00)BHow to live to 100/BA growing
14、body of research suggests that chronic illness is not an inevitable consequence of aging, but more often the result of lifestyle choices. “People used to say, who would want to be 100?“ says Dr. Thomas Perls, an instructor at Harvard Medical School and director of the New England Centenarian Study.
15、Now they re realizing it s an opportunity.“ High-tech medicine isnt likely to change the outlook dramatically; drugs and surgery can do only so much to sustain a body once it sr. arts to fail. But there is no question we can lengthen our lives while shortening our deaths. The tools already exist, a
16、nd theyre within virtually everyones reach.Life expectancy in the United States has nearly doubled since a century agofrom 47 years to 76 years. And though centenarians are still rare, they now constitute the fastest-growing segment of the U.S. population. Their ranks have increased 16-fold over the
17、 past six decadesfrom 3,700 in 1940 to roughly 61,000 today. The Census Bureau projects that 1 in 9 baby boomers (9 million of the 80 million people born between 1946 and 1964) will survive into their late 90s, and that1 in 26 (or 3 million) will reach 100. “A century ago, the odds of living that lo
18、ng were about one in 500,“ says Lynn Adler, founder of the National Centenarian Awareness Project and the author of “Centenarians: The Bonus Years.“ “Thats how far weve come.“If decrepitude were an inevitable part of aging, these burgeoning numbers would spell trouble. But the evidence suggests that
19、 Americans are living better, as well as longer. The disability rate among people older than 65 has fallen steadily since the early 1980s, according to Duke University demographer Kenneth Manton, and a shrinking percentage of seniors are plagued by hypertension, arteriosclerosis and dementia. Moreov
20、er, researchers have found that the oldest of the old often enjoy better health than people in their 70s. The 79 centenarians in Perlss New England study have all lived independently through their early 90s, taking an average of just one medication. And when the time comes for these hearty souls to
21、die, they dont linger. In a 1995 study, James Lubitz of the Health Care Financing Administration calculated that medical expenditures for the last two years of lifestatistically the most expensiveaverage 22,600 for people who die at 70, but just 8,300 for those who make it past 100.These insights ha
22、ve spawned a revolution in the science of aging. “Until recently, there was so much preoccupation with diseases that little work was done on the characteristics that permit people to do well,“ says Dr. John Rowe, the New York geriatrician who heads the MacArthur Foundations Research Network on Succe
23、ssful Aging. Research confirms the old saying that it pays to choose your parents well. But the way we age depends less on who we are than on how we livewhat we eat, how much we exercise and how we employ our minds.（分数：3.00）(1).The author seems to suggest that _.（分数：1.00）A.the aged should not go to
24、the nursing homeB.we can lengthen our lives through high-tech medicineC.centenarians die faster than those who are youngerD.the ever-growing segment of centenarians has caused concern(2).As can be gathered from the passage, people past 100 can be described as the following EXCEPT _.（分数：1.00）A.many o
25、f them had lived independently until their early 90sB.they enjoy better health than people in their 70sC.their longevity could be attributed to heredityD.their medical expenditures are surprisingly low(3).A century ago, how many lived to, or past 100, within a population of 5 million?（分数：1.00）A.5,00
26、0,000.B.10,000.C.50,000.D.1,000.七、BTEXT C/B(总题数：1，分数：3.00)BSTRUGGLING TO END CRIME/B“YOUTHS Claim Boredom Is Main Cause of Juvenile Crime, declared a headline in a leading British newspaper. “Home Strife Blamed for Rising Crime,“ said another. And a third stated: “Addictions Prompt Thousands of Crim
27、es. “ The magazine Philippine Panorama estimated that 75 percent of all violent crimes in Manila were committed by drug abusers.Other factors may also contribute to sparking criminal behavior. “Poverty in juxtaposition to great wealth“ is one that was referred to by the Nigerian inspector-general of
28、 police. Peer pressure and poor job prospects, the absence of strong legal deterrents, the general breakdown in family values, the lack of respect for authority and law, and the excessive violence in films and videos are also cited.Another factor is that many people no longer believe that crime does
29、 not pay. A sociologist at Bologna University in Italy observed that over a period of many years, the number of thefts reported and the number of persons convicted for them have followed opposite trends. ” He noted that “the number of convictions in proportion to the total number of reported thefts
30、has plummeted from 50 to 0.7 percent. “Sad but true are the words of The New Encyclopaedia Britannica: “Increasing crime appears to be a feature of all modern industrialized societies, and no developments in law, or penology can be shown to have had a significant impact on the problem . For modern u
31、rbanized society, in which economic growth and personal success are dominant values, there is no reason to suppose that crime rates will not continue to increase.“BIS THIS VIEW TOO NEGATIVE?/BIs the situation really all that bad? Do not some localities report crime, decreases? True, some do, but sta
32、tistics can be misleading. For example, it was repotted that crime in the Philippines decreased by 20 percent after a gun ban was introduced. But Asiaweek explained that one official believes that car thieves and bank robbers had stopped stealing cars and robbing banks and had “switched to kidnappin
33、g.“ Fewer bank robberies and car thefts caused a drop in total cases of crime, but this decrease lost much of its significance in view of the fourfold increase in kidnappings !Reporting on Hungary, the magazine BVG wrote: “Compared with the first half of 1993,crime figures are down by 6.2 percent. W
34、hat the police forgot to mention.is that the decrease . is mainly due to administrative changes.“ The monetary level at which cases of theft, fraud, or vandalism were previously registered was raised by 250 percent. So property crimes involving values below this level are no longer registered. Since
35、 crimes involving property account for three fourths of all crime in the country, the decrease was hardly genuine.Arriving at accurate crime figures is admittedly difficult. One reason is that many crimes perhaps up to 90 percent in certain categories go unreported. But arguing whether crime has dec
36、reased or increased is actually beside the point. People yearn for crime to be eliminated, not just reduced.（分数：3.00）(1).The number about reported thefts and convictions is used to illustrate that_.（分数：1.00）A.thefts have decreased considerablyB.crime does not payC.crime rate has risenD.legal deterre
37、nts are not strong(2).The author argues that _.（分数：1.00）A.crime decreases are not to be taken seriouslyB.minor cases should also be registeredC.administrative changes should be made to curb crimeD.monetary level is an important criterion for judging crime(3).The tone of the passage is _.（分数：1.00）A.p
38、leadingB.hopefulC.pessimisticD.jocular八、BTEXT D/B(总题数：3，分数：3.00)14.In the view of the author, the studies of the impact of television violence on children_.（分数：1.00）A.have produced convincing resultsB.have yet to be conductedC.havent touched upon long-term effectsD.havent arrived at any meaningful c
39、onclusion15.“Allowing imitation“ is one of the distinctive characteristics of television. This means _.（分数：1.00）A.children can learn the norms of certain behavior in a societyB.children are exposed to unfamiliar lifestyles culturesC.children can learn basic skills essential for schoolingD.children c
40、an learn how to act in plays16.The topic of the passage is _.（分数：1.00）A.the harmful influence of television in the home environmentB.the role of television in the socialization of childrenC.the American childrens television-viewing patternD.the role of mass media in developing childrens basic skills
41、九、BTEXT E/B(总题数：3，分数：3.00)17.Bilingualism could be described as all the following EXCEPT_.（分数：1.00）A.bilingualism is equivalent to biculturalismB.bilingualism is a controversial issue in the U. S.C.bilingualism has worked in some areas of the U.S.D.bilingualism helps minorities to function more effe
42、ctively in English18.The authors purpose of writing this article is _.（分数：1.00）A.to make known his point of view in the debate on bilingualismB.to arouse peoples sympathy for the minoritiesC.to advocate educational reformsD.to present facts concerning bilingualism19.It seems that bilingual services
43、like bilingual ballots_.（分数：1.00）A.are being phased out in the U.S.B.are rejected by minoritiesC.are approved by the majority of San Fransicos votersD.are backed up by the government and legislature十、BSECTION B/B(总题数：1，分数：1.00)20.BTEXT F/BBHow are jigsaw puzzles made?/BThe method of making a jigsaw
44、puzzle hasnt changed much since its invention in the late 18th century: an image is mounted on solid material and cut into a bunch of pieces. The first puzzles were made of wood and cut with a jigsaw, hence the name of the game.You can still buy puzzles made Of wood, but the type youre probably most
45、 familiar with is die-cut cardboard. The die-cut press, in wide use in the United States by the 1930s, according to puzzle historian Anne D. Williams, exerts 500 tons of pressure to hold a board in place while a steel-rule die cuts it into pieces. The die consists of pieces of metal that have been s
46、haped to form each piece in the puzzle much like a cookie cutter punches out a shape in dough. Recent innovations include the use of lasers and computer-contro11ed water jets to cut puzzle pieces.Some manufacturers still have their puzzle pieces drawn by hand; others use a computer to ensure that on
47、ly two pieces will fit together exactly. Puzzle styles have evolved, however, from maps and flat images to three-dimensional objects and trick puzzles. In some of these complicated puzzles, several pieces will fit together securely, but only one combination of pieces yields the correct solution to the puzzle.When was the jigsaw puzzle first invented?（分数：1.00）A.Not earlier than 1800.B.1930s.C.1750 to 1799.D.Not known.十一、BTEXT G/B(总题数：1，分数：2.00)BADMISSION REQUIREMENTS AND THE APPLICATI
