1、专业八级-206 及答案解析(总分：100.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、LISTENING COMPREHENS(总题数：0，分数：0.00)二、SECTION A MINI-LECTU(总题数：1，分数：60.00)Greece. Introduction: Greece is historically, geologically and culturally rich. . 1 of Greece A. a land of 2 B. agriculture is one third of land 3 rugged terrain and dry, rocky soil . The n
2、ation“s pride A. Agriculture: - 4 of the Greek population works in agriculture - agricultural products e.g. olives, figs, raisins, tobacco, sugar, and wheatthe country“s most 5 - 6 B. Ship and fishing - have some richest 7 - fishing was 8 C. tourism . Development of language: Greek A. “It“s 9 to me“
3、 means something is beyond one“s understanding or especially difficult B. 10 Greek Alphabet and language - shaped the vocabulary of 11 , including English e.g. prefix “psycho“, as in psychology, means “the mind“ or “ 12 “ . Capital city 13 A. a fun mix of the old and new, the 14 B. 15 are the most o
4、bvious sign of ancient Athens C. tourism: important to modem-day Athens （分数：60.00）填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_三、SECTION B INTERVIEW(总题数：2，分数：40.00)（分数：20.00）A.Almost the whole of human life.B.Social aspects of human activit
5、y.C.Social relations of people.D.How people learn from others.A.The way people think.B.The way people fell.C.The way people act.D.A, B and CA.Social interaction.B.Human society.C.Cross-country relationship.D.Economic relationship.A.Details of particular human interactions.B.Relations among different
6、 states.C.Social phenomena between micro-scope and macro-scope.D.World systemsA.Relations among state.B.Relations among societies.C.Relations among individuals.D.Relations among economy.（分数：20.00）A.Imagined models of conduct.B.People“s unconsciousness rules.C.People“s behavior.D.Social norms.A.Laws.
7、B.Opinions.C.Etiquette.D.Fashion.A.Marriage and family.B.Crime and deviance.C.Social inequality and stratification.D.Manners and rituals.A.Deviant behavior.B.Violations of the law.C.Human genetic constitution.D.Family contradiction.A.By means of quantitative methods.B.By means of all common methods.
8、C.By means of computer technology.D.By means of mathematical statistics.专业八级-206 答案解析(总分：100.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、LISTENING COMPREHENS(总题数：0，分数：0.00)二、SECTION A MINI-LECTU(总题数：1，分数：60.00)Greece. Introduction: Greece is historically, geologically and culturally rich. . 1 of Greece A. a land of 2 B. agricu
9、lture is one third of land 3 rugged terrain and dry, rocky soil . The nation“s pride A. Agriculture: - 4 of the Greek population works in agriculture - agricultural products e.g. olives, figs, raisins, tobacco, sugar, and wheatthe country“s most 5 - 6 B. Ship and fishing - have some richest 7 - fish
10、ing was 8 C. tourism . Development of language: Greek A. “It“s 9 to me“ means something is beyond one“s understanding or especially difficult B. 10 Greek Alphabet and language - shaped the vocabulary of 11 , including English e.g. prefix “psycho“, as in psychology, means “the mind“ or “ 12 “ . Capit
11、al city 13 A. a fun mix of the old and new, the 14 B. 15 are the most obvious sign of ancient Athens C. tourism: important to modem-day Athens （分数：60.00）填空项 1:_ （正确答案：The landscape）解析： The landscape 听力原文 GreeceOur next stop is Greece. I will introduce to you a historically, geologically and cultural
12、ly rich placeGreece. Firstly, I will bring you to have a look at Greek“s landscape. Greece is a land of rugged mountains, shady olive trees, more varieties of wildflowers than any other European country, and islands scattered like jewels across a brilliant blue sea. According to ancient mythology, i
13、n a war between gods, the Titans tore the tops from mountains, using them as weapons. The rocky peaks fell into the sea, thus creating the many islands of Greece. Mythology, history, and folklore have shaped the way people think in this ancient land; the land itself has shaped their way of life. Gre
14、ece is divided into regions and island groups. The landscape, with its barren mountainside, 9,000-mile-long coastline, and many islands, has always shaped its people, the way they live, and the type of work they do. No one lives more than 60 miles from the sea. Because of the rugged terrain and dry,
15、 rocky soil, agriculture is restricted to one third of the land. Now, let“s get to know how the nation grows. Although farmland is limited, half of the Greek population works in agriculture. For a long time, agricultural products such as olives, figs, raisins, tobacco, sugar, and wheat were the coun
16、try“s most valuable assets. The bare, rocky land is perfect for growing olive trees. Farms, however, are small. Often three generations share both a home and the farm chores. Today, the government is encouraging farmers to specialize. Exporting the additional production would provide added revenue f
17、or Greece. Greece has some of the world“s richest ship owners; its merchant fleet is the sixth largest in the world. In villages along the coast and on the islands, a great many other Greeks earn their living from the sea. Using open, single-mast wooden fishing boats, whole families are involved wit
18、h the sea. Once, sponge fishing was a vital industry. Unfortunately, as more people buy man-made, less expensive sponges, the market for natural sponges is dying out. Many Greeks work in the tourist industry. Spectacular historic sites abound on the mainland, while the islands, in particular, draw p
19、eople from all over the world. In summer, ferries constantly ply the waters among them. Many of the islands have beautiful beaches, picturesque windmills, and snow-white streets. The sun is hot; the sky is clear, sparkling blue. The climate, a combination of Mediterranean and European, affects all t
20、hree industriesagriculture, fishing and tourism. Athens can be 100 degree Fahrenheit in the shade in July and August. In summer, strong winds cause rough seas, affecting both fishing and ferryboats. Then, we will see how its language develops. “It“s Greek to me,“ is often said when something is beyo
21、nd one“s understanding or especially difficult. But nothing could be further from the truth. The Greek Alphabet and language look and sound exotic and complicated, but they shaped the vocabulary of western languages, including English. When early people began to write, they drew pictures that repres
22、ented what they were writing about. In about 2,000 B. C., early Greeks developed a system of picture. They used this system to keep accurate records of goods they stored and exported. Their picture writing spread from the island to mainland Greece. By 1100 B. C., the Greek world was crumbling. As th
23、e Greeks abandoned their cities, they forgot about writing. Greece entered a period known as the Dark Ages. No written records survive from this time and foreign records mention little about the Greeks. But gradually the Greeks prospered and the population grew. Today about ten million people speak
24、Greek. Greek words spread from the New Testament and other texts to Latin, German and English. Greek provides the vocabulary for many arts and sciences. Many English prefixes and suffixes come from Greek. For example, the prefix “psycho“, as in psychology, means “the mind“ or “mental activity“. The
25、suffix “phone“, as in telephone, means “sound“. With so much Greek in our language, we are right when we say, “It“s Greek to me.“ Greeks“ lifestyle also fascinates people somewhere else. One third of the population lives and works in the bustling, modern, capital city of Athens. However, in rural Gr
26、eece, particularly the more remote village, the traditional way of life has not changed for centuries. Donkeys are still an important means of transportation, everyone knows everyone else, the older women swathe themselves from head to toe in black. In the evenings, people gather at tables and chair
27、s in the main square to chat, sip, or play. It is as if time has stood still. For centuries, their rich culture has been a source of pride to all Greeks; its influence on the people of the world cannot be measured. At last, let“s have a brief look at its capital cityAthens. The city of Athens is a f
28、un mix of the old and the new, the classic and the modem. Often a little shop is located next to the ruins of a temple, which is only a block from a large, air-conditioned hotel. The great city of 2,500 years ago is still visible today. Ruins are the most obvious sign of ancient Athens, and the most
29、 famous of these is the Acropolis. The Acropolis is a large hill that was the center of life in Athens. On its Mopes were temples, monuments, and theatres. From the top, Athens“ urban sprawl stretches out in every direction. Tourism is very important to people who live in modern-day Athens. Thousand
30、s of people come every year to see these ruins and to tour the many museums to worship house artifacts from ancient times. This provides many jobs and brings money into Athens, which helps the city pay for improvements. Athenians take pride in the accomplishments of the ancestors, and people from al
31、l around the world come to admire them. By looking around the city today, we can imagine what life was like in ancient Athens. All right, that is basically what I can tell you today. See you next time. 解析 要点题。在讲座开始，讲座者就明确指出第一点要说的是什么：Firstly, I will bring you to have a look at Greek“s landscape. 因此答案
32、为 The landscape。 填空项 1:_ （正确答案：mountains and islands）解析： mountains and islands解析 归总题。讲座提到希腊的地形结构主要由山区和岛屿构成：The landscape, with its barren mountainside, 9,000-mile-long coastline, and many islands, has always shaped its people, the way they live, and the type of work they do. 因此空格中需要填入关键归纳词 mountains
33、与 islands。 填空项 1:_ （正确答案：due to/because of）解析： due to/because of解析 推断题。讲座中说道：Because of the rugged terrain and dry, rocky soil, agriculture is restricted to one third of the land. 说明希腊特殊的地理状况导致了可耕种面积的狭小。 填空项 1:_ （正确答案：half/50%）解析： half/50%解析 细节题。虽然希腊的耕种面积不多，但是有一半的人从事农业。讲座中明确指出：Although farmland is l
34、imited, half of the Greek population works in agriculture. 填空项 1:_ （正确答案：valuable assets）解析： valuable assets解析 细节题。根据讲座相关内容“For a long time, agricultural products such as olives, figs, raisins, tobacco, sugar, and wheat were the country“s most valuable assets. ”可知长久以来，农产品是这个国家最有价值的资产，因此答案是 valuable
35、assets。 填空项 1:_ （正确答案：encouraging/promoting/supporting exports）解析： encouraging/promoting/supporting exports解析 归总题。讲座里提到：Today, the government is encouraging farmers to specialize. Exporting the additional production would provide added revenue for Greece. 这一段内容阐述农业的重要性，以及政府支持农业的态度，出口就等于给希腊创造财富。由此归纳起
36、来，肯定是鼓励出口，因此答案是 encouraging exports。 填空项 1:_ （正确答案：ship owners）解析： ship owners解析 细节题 讲座中明确指出：Greece has some of the world“s richest ship owners.因此答案为 ship owners。 填空项 1:_ （正确答案：a vital industry）解析： a vital industry解析 细节题讲座提到渔业曾经是主要产业：Once, sponge fishing was a vital industry. 因此答案是 a vital industry。
37、 填空项 1:_ （正确答案：Greek）解析： Greek解析 细节题。在英语中，俗语“It“s Greek to me. ”指的是听不懂。 填空项 1:_ （正确答案：exotic and complicated）解析： exotic and complicated解析 细节题讲座提到希腊语听起来很有异域风味并非常复杂：The Greek Alphabet and language look and sound exotic and complicated.因此答案为 exotic and complicated。 填空项 1:_ （正确答案：western languages）解析： w
38、estern languages解析 细节题。讲座中说道：The Greek Alphabet and language look and sound exotic and complicated, but they shaped the vocabulary of western languages, including English. 希腊语虽然难懂，但在很大程度上影响了西方语言的词汇。因此答案是 western languages。 填空项 1:_ （正确答案：mental activity）解析： mental activity解析 细节题。讲座中提到：For example, th
39、e prefix “psycho“, as in psychology, means “the mind“ or “mental activity“. 考生出答案。 填空项 1:_ （正确答案：Athens）解析： Athens解析 要点题。这也是一个常识问题。但要注意雅典一词的拼写：Athens。 填空项 1:_ （正确答案：classic and moder）解析： classic and modern解析 细节题。讲座提到希腊首都雅典是体现新旧结合、古典与现代结合的城市：The city of Athens is a fun mix of the old and the new, the
40、 classic and the modern. 因此答案是 classic and modern。 填空项 1:_ （正确答案：Ruins）解析： Ruins解析 细节题。根据讲座内容“Ruins are the most obvious sign of ancient Athens.”可以直接得出答案为 Ruins，古雅典城的古遗址。 三、SECTION B INTERVIEW(总题数：2，分数：40.00)（分数：20.00）A.Almost the whole of human life.B.Social aspects of human activity.C.Social relat
41、ions of people.D.How people learn from others. 解析：听力原文 I: Good morning, everyone. Welcome to today“s discussion on sociology. Today we are very happy to have Professor Jessica Wilson, an expert in this area, to discuss with us. W: Thank you. Pleased to meet you. I: Prof. Watson, first of all, what i
42、s sociology? W: Well, sociology is often described as the study of human social relations, or the science of society, and lays claim to almost the whole of human life beyond the biological level, because virtually all human activities possess a social aspect. In other words, people interact with, an
43、d are influenced by, other people. I: Then what do sociologists study? W: By analyzing and theorizing about the social aspects of human activity, sociologists have developed a number of important concepts. The most comprehensive of these concepts are the sociological definitions of society and cultu
44、re. I: To be specific? W: Society refers to all the social relations and groups formed by human beings. So societies are viewed as a single unit. The term culture, on the other hand, refers to how people learn from other people. This includes the way in which people think, feel and act. Therefore, t
45、he study of culture includes non-social skills, such as know to plant crops, drive a car, play the violin, and so on. However, sociologists are only concerned with the social relationships, and not the activities themselves. I: I see. Are there any basic concepts of sociology? W: Yes. Social interac
46、tion, or the mutual responses of two or more individuals, is perhaps the most basic sociological concept, for such interaction is the elementary component of all the relationships and groups constituting human society. Sociologists who concentrate on the details of particular interactions as they ma
47、nifest themselves in everyday life are sometimes called micro-sociologists, whereas those concerned with the broader pattern of relations among large organizations, such as those composing the state and the economy, and even among entire societies, are called macro-sociologists. I: So there are two
48、types of sociologists, micro ones and macro ones. W: This is only a rough division. Some sociologists study how people avoid bumping into each other on the street or how they open and close telephone conversations. Other sociologists study world-systems, or the entire range of economic, political, and other interdependencies among all p
