1、专业八级-207 (1)及答案解析(总分：100.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、BPART LISTENIN(总题数：1，分数：10.00)Environmental scientists observe that it is of great significance to protect wildlife and wild places ff human beings want to survive. We must under- stand the important links between ourselves and the wild plants and animals in
2、our environmental (1)_ system. (1)_ Diseases and insects can develop to destroy some kinds of plants and animals. So a supply of different kinds of plants is needed. The new species can be found in the wild or be obtained by Scientists who mix (2)_material from different species. (2)_ For example, 1
3、00 years ago, scientists grew the European vine on (3)_from the American (3)_ vine. In this way the European (4)_ (4)_ industry was saved. In recent years, scientists have expressed concern that coffee trees in Brazil and soybean plants in America come from limited wild species. They are easily atta
4、cked by insects, diseases, or severe weather conditions. Scientists are also concerned about the loss of traditional farm animals. For example, almost 115 out of the original (5)_kinds of cattle in (5)_ Europe and the Mediterranean area are endangered. Traditional farm animals can be very valuable,
5、e.g. a rare European sheep, Cornish hen etc. Some scientists say this kind of hen can be mated with other species of chickens to introduce a (6)_ bird for food. (6)_ Wild plants and animals are important to medicine, too. A study shows that about 40 percent of the medicines in U.S. contain drugs fro
6、m plants, animals, etc. For example, cancer scientists are using a plant to fight a cancer of (7)_ (7)_ Wild plants and animals are disappearing at an increasing speed, yet there are still success stories. For example, the number of elephants killed (8)_in Africa has decreased dramatically. (8)_ In
7、another case, 400 gorillas survive in a (9)_area in Africa because Rwanda developed (9)_ an important business that relies on protecting the gorillas. Another successful program takes the endangered animals from their natural homes to protected zones where they can (10)_safely. (10)_（分数：10.00）填空项 1:
8、_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_二、BSECTION B/B(总题数：1，分数：5.00)(1).How did Judy spend most of her time in Florida?（分数：1.00）A.Sightseeing.B.Lying on the beach.C.Taking photographs of the beaches.D.Scuba diving.(2).What was Tom doing in February?（分数：1.00）A.He was on a fie
9、ld trip.B.He was vacationing in Florida.C.He was studying most of the time.D.He was vacationing at home.(3).What kind of class went on the field trip?（分数：1.00）A.Biology.B.Photography.C.Swimming.D.Painting.(4).According to Judy what did her professor photograph?（分数：1.00）A.Oceanic snails,B.Large green
10、 jellyfish.C.Different planktonic plants.D.Sunken treasure chests.(5).Why is it hard to see most plankton?（分数：1.00）A.They are microscopic.B.They move very quickly.C.They are transparent.D.They are rarely found near the surface.三、BSECTION C/B(总题数：2，分数：5.00)(1).Which of the following is NOT a form of
11、recent violence?（分数：1.00）A.Murdering.B.Kidnapping.C.Arson.D.Raping.(2).How many people fell victims in the market bombing and the hospital fire?（分数：1.00）A.51.B.72.C.67.D.70.I Questions 8 to 10 are based on the following news. At the end of the news item, you will be given 10 seconds to answer each q
12、uestion. Now listen to the news./I（分数：3.00）(1).A demonstration was held to _.（分数：1.00）A.protest the governments crackdown on its opponentsB.defy the attempt to assassinate President Augusto PinochetC.celebrate the thirteenth anniversary of the military takeoverD.support the Chilean Human Rights Comm
13、ission(2).Heavily armed soldiers were stationed along major downtown streets _.（分数：1.00）A.to safeguard the demonstratorsB.to prevent the demonstrators from marching aheadC.to protect President Augusto PinochetD.to arrest members of the Chilean Human Rights Commission(3).Carrascos wife said he was _
14、by men claiming to be police.（分数：1.00）A.called back from his officeB.abducted on his way homeC.arrested outside their homeD.roused from bed四、BPART READING (总题数：7，分数：20.00)BTEXT A/BAs the pace of life continues to increase, we are fast losing the art of relaxation. Once you are in the habit of rushin
15、g through life, being on the go from morning till night, it is hard to slow down. But relaxation is essential for a healthy mind and body.Stress is natural part of everyday life and there is no way to avoid it. In fact, it is not the bad thing it is often supposed to be. A certain amount of stress i
16、s vital to provide motivation and give purpose to life. It is only when the stress gets out of control that it can lead to poor performance and ill health.The amount of stress a person can withstand depends very much on the individual. Some people are not afraid of stress, and such characters are ob
17、viously prime material for managerial responsibilities. Others lose heart at the first signs of unusual difficulties. When exposed to stress, in whatever form, we react both chemically and physically. In fact we make choice between “flight and fight“ and in more primitive days the choices made the d
18、ifference between life and death. The crises we meet today are unlikely to be so extreme, but however little the stress, it involves the same response. It is when such a reaction lasts long, through continued exposure to stress, that health becomes endangered. Such serious conditions as high blood p
19、ressure and heart diseases have established links with stress. Since we cannot remove stress from our lives (it would be unwise to do so even if we could), we need to find ways to deal with it.（分数：2.00）(1).People are finding less and less time for relaxing themselves because_.（分数：1.00）A.they do not
20、know how to enjoy themselvesB.they do not believe that relaxation is important for healthC.they are traveling fast all the timeD.they are becoming busier with their work(2).According to the author, the most important character for a good manager is his_.（分数：1.00）A.not fearing stressB.knowing the art
21、 of relaxationC.high sense of responsibilityD.having control over performanceBTEXT B/BSome people believe that international sport creates goodwill between the nations and that if countries play games together they will learn to live together. Others say that the opposite is true: the international
22、contests encourage false national pride and lead to misunderstanding and hatred. There is probably some truth in both arguments, but in recent years the Olympic Games have done little to support the view that sport encourages international brotherhood. Not only was there the tragic incident involvin
23、g the murder of athletes, but the Games were also ruined by lesser incidents caused principally by minor national contests.One country received its second-place medals with visible indignation after the hockey. There had been noisy scenes at the end of the hockey match, the losers objecting to the f
24、inal decisions. They were convinced that one of their goals should not have been disallowed and that their opponents victory was unfair. Their manager was in a rage when he said, “This wasnt hockey. Hockey and the International Hockey Federation are finished.“ The president of the Federation said la
25、ter that such behavior could result in suspension of the team for at least three years.The American basketball team announced that they wouldnt yield the first place to Russia, after a disputable end to their contest. The game had ended in disturbance. It was thought at first that the United States
26、had won, by a single point, but it was announced that there were three seconds still to play. A Russian player then threw the ball from one end of the court to the other, and another player popped it into the basket. It was the first time the USA had ever lost an Olympic basketball match. An appeal
27、jury debated the matter for four and a half hours before announcing that the result would stand. The American players then voted not to receive the silver medals.Incidents of this kind will continue as long as sport is played competitively rather than for the love of the game. The suggestion that at
28、hletes should compete as individuals, or in non-national teams, might be too much to hope for. But in the present organization of the Olympics there is far too much that encourages aggressive patriotism.（分数：2.00）(1).According to the author, recent Olympic Games have_.（分数：1.00）A.created goodwill betw
29、een the nationsB.bred only false national prideC.barely showed any international friendshipD.led to more and more misunderstanding and hatred(2).What conclusion can be drawn from the passage?（分数：1.00）A.The organization of the Olympic Games must be improved.B.Athletes should compete as individuals in
30、 the Olympic Games.C.Sport should be played competitively rather than for the love of the game.D.International contests are liable for misunderstanding between nations.BTEXT C/BBeauty has always been regarded as something praiseworthy. Almost everyone thinks attractive people are happier and healthi
31、er, have better marriages and have more respectable occupations. Personal consultants give them better advice for finding jobs. Even judges are softer on attractive defendants. But in the executive circle, beauty can become a liability.While attractiveness is a positive factor for a man on his way u
32、p the executive ladder, it is harmful to a woman.Handsome male executives were perceived as having more integrity than plainer men; effort and ability were thought to account for their success.Attractive female executives were considered to have less integrity than unattractive ones; their success w
33、as attributed not to ability but to factors such as luck.All unattractive women executives were thought to have more integrity and to be more capable than the attractive female executives. Interestingly, though, the rise of the unattractive overnight successes was attributed more to personal relatio
34、nships and less to ability than was that of attractive overnight successes.Why are attractive women not thought to be able? An attractive woman is perceived to be more feminine and an attractive man more masculine than the less attractive ones. Thus, an attractive woman has an advantage in tradition
35、ally female jobs, but an attractive woman in a traditionally masculine position appears to lack the “masculine“ qualities required.This is true even in politics. “When the only clue is how he or she looks, people treat men and women differently,“ says Anne Bowman, who recently published a study on t
36、he effects of attractiveness on political candidates. She asked 125 undergraduate students to rank two groups of photographs, one of men and one of women, in order of attractiveness. The students were told the photographs were of candidates for political offices. They were asked to rank them again,
37、in the order they would vote for them. The results showed that attractive males utterly defeated unattractive men, but the women who had been ranked most attractive invariably received the fewest votes.（分数：2.00）(1).It can be inferred from the passage that peoples views on beauty are often_.（分数：1.00）
38、A.practicalB.humorousC.funnyD.radical(2).The author writes this passage to_.（分数：1.00）A.discuss the negative aspects of being attractiveB.give advice to job-seekers who are attractive women in executive and political circlesC.demand equal rights for womenD.emphasize the importance of appearanceBTEXT
39、D/BIf pollution continues to increase at the present rate, formation of aerosols in the atmosphere will cause the onset of an ice age in about fifty years time. This conclusion, reached by Dr. S. I. Rasool and Dr. S. H. Schneider, of the United States Goddard Space Flight Center, answers the apparen
40、tly conflicting question of whether an increase in the carbon di- oxide content of the atmosphere will cause the earth to warm up or increasing the aerosol content will cause it to cool down. The Americans have shown conclusively that the aerosol question is dominant.Two specters haunting conservati
41、onists have been the prospect that meddling with the environment might lead to the planets becoming unbearably hot or cold. One of these ghosts has now been laid, because it seems that even an increase in the amount of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere to eight times its present value will produce an
42、 increase in temperature of only 2(上标)C, which would take place over several thousand years. But the other problem, now looms larger than ever.Aerosols are collections of small liquid or solid particles dispersed in air or some other medium. The particles are all so tiny that each is composed of onl
43、y a few hundred atoms. Because of this they can float in the air for a very long time. Perhaps the most commonly experienced aerosol is industrial smog of the kind that plagued London in the 1950s and is an even greater problem in Los Angeles today. These collections of aerosols reflect the suns hea
44、t and thereby caused the earth to cool.Dr. Rasool and Dr. Schneider have calculated the exact effect of a dust aerosol layer just above the earths surface on the temperature of the planet. As the layer builds up, the present delicate balance between the amount of heat absorbed from the sun and the a
45、mount radiated from the earth is disturbed. The aerosol layer not only reflects much of the suns light but also transmits the infrared radiation from below almost unimpeded. So, while the heat input to the surface drops, the loss of heat remains high until the planet cools to a new balanced state. W
46、ithin fifty years, if no steps are taken to curb the spread of aerosols in the atmosphere, a cooling of the earth by as much as 3.5。C seems inevitable. If that lasts for only a few years, it would start another ice age, and because the growing ice caps at each pole would themselves reflect much of t
47、he suns radiation, it would probably continue to develop even if the aerosol layer were destroyed.The only bright spot in this gloomy forecast lies in the hope expressed by Dr. Rasool and Dr. Schneider that nuclear power may replace fossil fuels in time to prevent the aerosol content of the atmosphe
48、re from becoming critical.（分数：2.00）(1).How would the increasing area of ice itself lower the temperature of the planet?（分数：1.00）A.By absorbing more and more particles.B.By reflecting much of the suns heat.C.By attracting more and more travelers.D.By increasing the carbon dioxide content of the atmosphere.(2).What might avert the danger of the building up of a high concentration of aerosols?（分数：1.00）A.Nuclear power.B.Fossil fuels.C.Carbon dioxide.D.Atom bombs.BTEXT E/BGreen-space facilities are co
