1、专业八级-212 (1)及答案解析(总分：103.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、BPART LISTENIN(总题数：0，分数：0.00)二、BSECTION A/B(总题数：1，分数：10.00)BIrish Riverdance/BRiverdance displays modern Irish culture while it is based on an old, influential culture with a love ofcomplicated stories and poetic styles and prevailing from the 6th century to
2、the 9th century.BThe development of Riverdance/B1) With U U 1 /U /Ustarting in the 9th century this ever-influential culture declined and never recovered indeed. The traditional love of story and songexisted in a form the peasants liked and without a distinctive Irish style tillthe U U 2 /U /Ubeginn
3、ing at the end of the 19th century. 2) The Irish love of music has succeeded in surviving the change from Irish,U U 3 /U /Uto the language of the invader and has once more begun to blos som and become influential outside the country.3) Irish music was reduced to being the language used in the countr
4、yside andU U 4 /U /Uas people moved to the cities, for young city people didnt like “peasant music“. However, this has begun to change and since the 1980 shas taken off. Many top singers in the world are Irish and quite a number ofpeople are working for the music industry in Ireland. Riverdance is a
5、n ex-pression of that U U 5 /U /Uand that ability to understand the new. B Riverdance is also a kind of U U 6 /U /Uinteresting pop song./B 1) It uses song and dance to tell the story of a people whose spirit the GreatFamine broke. As a result of this famine, two million people died or leftIreland by
6、 1851 and U U 7 /U /Ucontinued to decrease until 1961. 2) People with ideas left for U U 8 /U /UThe Irish in Ireland became hopeless and unconfident and much of its modem culture is about the sadness of thattime and the sorrow of saying goodbye to those who left. There is U U 9 /U /Ufor this saying
7、goodbye-“American Wake“.3) The leaving didnt cease until the 1970 s because Independence in 1921 wasfollowed by a civil war and an economic depression. Now it is common tosee along U U 10 /U /Ufrom that time falling into ruin. （分数：10.00）填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_
8、填空项 1:_三、BSECTION B/B(总题数：1，分数：5.00)（分数：5.00）(1).What was Chinese paper made from in ancient times? A. Hardwood. B. Softwood. C. Roots of plants. D. Hair-like parts of certain plants.（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(2).In ancient Egypt, paper was made from the _ of tall aquatic plants. A. roots B. stems C. leaves
9、D. flowers（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(3).Today, which country has the biggest paper industry in the world? A. Canada. B. Norway. C. Finland. D. the United States.（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(4).Some people wear paper clothes and shoes because they are _. A. cheap B. fashionable C. recyclable D. cold-proof（分数：1.00）A.B.C.
10、D.(5).Which of the following cannot be made in paper for the present time? A. Cars. B. Houses. C. Raincoats. D. Boats.（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.四、BSECTION C/B(总题数：2，分数：5.00)（分数：3.00）(1).Which of the following is TRUE of the people suffering from the accident? A. 15 evacuated, 2 seriously injured, 5 missing.
11、B. 15 evacuated, 2 moderately injured, 5 missing. C. 50 evacuated, 2 moderately injured, none missing. D. 50 evacuated, 2 seriously injured, none missing.（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(2).Rescuers have been denied access into the building for the following reasons EXCEPT A. the possibility of the building collap
12、sing. B. the likely explosion from the gas tank. C. the possible subsequent rockslides. D. the noise and trembling at the moment.（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(3).Senior officials will meet next week to discuss A. ways to help the poorer OIC members. B. ways to promote the economy in all Muslim countries. C. pol
13、itical cooperation between Muslim countries. D. ways to promote Islamic banking and finance.语音下载（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.（分数：2.00）(1).At the 18th International AIDS conference in Vienna, activists want to draw attention to the issue of A. male homosexual relationships. B. female homosexual relationships. C.
14、 unprotected sex between men and women. D. pregnant women with AIDS.（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(2).Khan says scientific data on the effects of HIV on MSM A. give technical assistance to AIDS patients. B. take 20 years of many doctors efforts. C. are from his personal study. D. come later than they should.（分数：
15、1.00）A.B.C.D.五、BPART READING (总题数：0，分数：0.00)六、BTEXT A/B(总题数：1，分数：5.00)Back in 2000, inspired by a desire to help those in need, Megan and Dennis Doyle of Minneapolis decided they wanted to do more than just volunteer or write a check. Instead, they took $ 30, 000 of their own money and started a non
16、profit called Hope for the City. The organization collects corporate overstock and distributes it to nonprofits in the Twin Cities, nationwide, and internationally to 26 developing countries. Today the nonprofit has a $ 900, 000 operating budget and a 25, 000-sq. ft. warehouse to store the donated i
17、tems and has distributed nearly $ 380 million of in-kind merchandise since its inception. “This makes us feel like were a part of something a lot bigger than just the two of us, “says Dennis, 54, who is CEO of a local commercial real estate firm.The Doyles are not alone in their desire to give back.
18、 There are more than 1 million 501(c)(3) charities like theirs, up nearly 70% from the 614, 000 that existed a decade ago, according to Tom Pollak, program director with the National Center for Charitable Statistics at the Urban Institute. Organizations dedicated to education, disaster relief, job d
19、evelopment, the environment and AIDS are among todays “hot causes, “ says Phyllis McGrath, president of Philanthropy Management, a Fairfield, Conn. , consulting firm that works with nonprofits nationwide.Fueling this growth are several factors: baby boomers with a social-entrepreneurship mind-set an
20、d added time in their lives to give back to their communities, such tragic events as Sept. 11 and Hurricane Katrina, and greater numbers of wealthy individuals with the funds to launch their own nonprofits. But starting a nonprofit is a Herculean effort, requiring patience and determination.It can t
21、ake at least six months to a year and as much as 30 to 40 hours a week to get an organization off the ground, McGrath says. Hiring an attorney experienced with nonprofits to handle statewide and federal applications is key. The 501(c) (3) designation comes from the IRS (Internal Revenue Service), an
22、d nonprofits are expected to provide the government with such information as a mission statement, an idea of who will be assisted and by what methods, anticipated budget and board of directors, says Andrew Grumet, a lawyer representing nonprofits with the Manhattan firm Herrick, Feinstein, LLP. Acco
23、untants familiar with nonprofits can advise on how much of an investment can be made without affecting personal wealth. But even with the best of intentions, nonprofits have a high failure rate: only one-third survive beyond five years, says Stan Madden, director ofthe Center for Nonprofit Studies a
24、t the Hankamer School of Business at Baylor University in Waco, Texas.The best approach is to start with a business plan. Research other organizations in the field to make sure there is no other group addressing the same cause. Consult with other charities to determine that there are constituents wh
25、o can really use your services. As McGrath notes, “Consider a realistic and doable niche that your organization can uniquely fill.“That is just what Beth Shaw, 41, did. The owner of a $ 4 million company that trains yoga fitness instructors worldwide, Shaw used her knowledge of the market to launch
26、Visionary Women in Fitness, which provides scholarships to underprivileged women so they can train to become instructors. With a budget of just $ 30, 000, the nonprofit, based in Hermosa Beach, Calif. ,is able to help 15 to 20 women a year learn a skill that can get them an entry-level job.“I have t
27、wo homes and a successful business, and so many young women out there have nothing, “says Shaw, who has donated $ 50, 000 of her own money since she launched the charity in June 2004. “ This was the time in my life to step up and start giving back.“（分数：5.00）(1).Which of the following is NOT true abo
28、ut Hope for the City? A. Its a nonprofit organization collecting corporate excessive supply. B. Its a nonprofit organization distributing donated items to other nonprofits. C. It was initiated by individuals desiring to do more than donating money. D. Its a nonprofit organization with few opportunit
29、ies of secure investment.（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(2).Which of the following does NOT make for the growth of charities? A. Baby boomers whore willing to give back to their communities. B. Hot causes dedicated to education, job development, the environment, etc. C. Tragic events like Sept. 11 and Hurricane K
30、atrina. D. Wealthy people with the funds to launch their own nonprofits.（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(3).“Herculean“ in the third paragraph is closest in meaning to A. of or relating to Hercules. B. characterized by requiring skill. C. characterized by requiring great strength. D. having a high degree of intell
31、igence.（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(4).It can be concluded from the passage that A. hard work and good intentions dont guarantee the success of nonprofits. B. an experienced lawyer is the determining factor of the success of nonprofits. C. accountants will be helpful in deciding whether to invest in nonprofits
32、 D. investing in nonprofits means a high risk of losing ones wealth.（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(5).Which category of writing does the passage belong to? A. Narration. B. Description. C. Persuasion. D. Exposition.（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.七、BTEXT B/B(总题数：1，分数：5.00)Most people have experienced the feeling, after a taxi
33、ng mental work-out, that they cannot be bothered to make any more decisions. If they are forced to, they may do so intuitively, rather than by reasoning. Such apathy is often put down to tiredness, but a study published recently in Psychological Science suggests there may be more to it than that. Wh
34、ether reason or intuition is used may depend simply on the decision-makers blood-sugar levelwhich is, itself, affected by the process of reasoning.E.J. Masicampo and Roy Baumeister of Florida State University discovered this by doing some experiments on that most popular of laboratory animals, the i
35、mpoverished undergraduate. They asked 121 psychology students who had volunteered for the experiment to watch a silent video of a woman being interviewed that had random words appearing in bold black letters every ten seconds along the perimeter of the video. This was the part of the experiment inte
36、nded to be mentally taxing. Haft of the students were told to focus on the woman, to try to understand what she was saying, and to ignore the words along the perimeter. The other haft were given no instructions. Those that had to focus were exerting considerable self-control not to look at the rando
37、m words.When the video was over, half of each group was given a glass of lemonade with sugar in it and half was given a glass of lemonade with sugar substitute. Twelve minutes later, when the glucose from the lemonade with sugar in it had had time to enter the students blood, the researchers adminis
38、tered a decision-making task that was designed to determine if the participant was using intuition or reason to make up his mind.The students were asked to think about where they wanted to live in the coming year and given three accommodation options that varied both in size and distance from the un
39、iversity campus. Two of the options were good, but in different ways: one was far from the campus, but very large; the other was close to campus, but smaller. The third option was a decoy, similar to one of the good options, but obviously not quite as good. If it was close to campus and small, it wa
40、s not quite as close as the good close option and slightly smaller. If it was far from campus and large, it was slightly smaller than the good large option and slightly farther away.Psychologists have known for a long time that having a decoy option in a decision-making task draws people to choose a
41、 reasonable option that is similar to the decoy. Dr. Masicampo and Dr. Baumeister suspected that students who had been asked to work hard during the video and then been given a drink without any sugar in it would be more likely to rely on intuition when making this decision than those from the other
42、 three groups. And that is what happened; 64% of them were swayed by the decoy. Those who had either not had to exert mental energy during the showing of the video or had been given glucose in their lemonade, used reason in their decision-making task and were less likely to be swayed by the decoy.It
43、 is not clear why intuition is independent of glucose. It could be that humans inherited a default nervous system from other mammals that was similar to intuition, and that could make snap decisions about whether to fight or flee regardless of how much glucose was in the body.Whatever the reason, th
44、e upshot seems to be that thinking is, indeed, hard work. And important decisions should not be made on an empty stomach.（分数：5.00）(1).The word “taxing“ in the first paragraph means A. tiring. B. imposing taxation. C. paying taxation. D. relaxing.（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(2).In E. J. Masicampo and Roy Baumei
45、sters study, about _ students who received no instructions in the video watching were given a glass of lemonade with sugar in it. A. 121 B. 60 C. 30 D. 15（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(3).Which group of students tended to be swayed by the decoy, according to the study? A. The no-watching-instructions group that
46、had been given glucose in their lemonade. B. The no-watching-instructions group having been given sugar substitute in their lemonade. C. The mental-energy-exerting group that had been given glucose in their lemonade D. The mental-energy-exerting group that had been given sugar substitute in their le
47、monade.（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(4).Which of the following is NOT true, according to the study? A. Peoples blood-sugar level is affected by the process of reasoning. B. Whether people resort to reasoning or intuition may depend on their blood-sugar level. C. Both reasoning and intuition are certainly affected by peoples blood-sugar level. D. It is not wise to make important decisions when one is hungry.（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(5).The last paragraph suggests that A. people are not able to make important decisions when hungry. B. decisions made on an empty stomach may be unreasonable C. people are less int
