1、专业八级-77 及答案解析(总分：100.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、BPART LISTENIN(总题数：1，分数：10.00)BGoing Underground/B Because of the (1)_associations with the dark 1. _ underground, living underground in the future may not seem a good idea. But there are advantages to an underground living. First, the (2)_would cease to be a tro
2、uble. There 2. _ is no problem of keeping a (3)_temperature. So it can 3. _ save much energy. We are also safe from the (4)_ 4. _ caused by bad weather. Second, there would be no (5)_time. As the daylight 5. _ is man-made, it could be (6)_to meet our needs. 6. _ Third, the (7)_stability could be ens
3、ured. Human 7. _ habitation damages the wild and (8)_many species of 8. _ their natural habitat. Moving underground would turn the Earths surface back to wilderness and greenery. Fourth, nature would be (9)_Instead of a 9. _ withdrawal from the natural world, living underground would make us easier
4、to reach countryside than living above ground. The countryside is just a few hundred yards (10)_the 10. _ city.（分数：10.00）填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_二、BSECTION B/B(总题数：1，分数：5.00)(1).Which of the following statements is TRUE?（分数：1.00）A.The Hunchback of Notre
5、Dame is a film only for adult.B.Body Double is a character in Striptease.C.Demi gets 12.5 million for her roles in two films.D.Demi doesnt go naked in The Hunchback of Notre Dame.(2).When Demi was a little girl, she _.（分数：1.00）A.never dreamed of becoming an actressB.always dreamed of becoming an act
6、ressC.was not good at speakingD.always thought she could be a good actress(3).Demi says being paid 12.5 million means a lot to her especially because _.（分数：1.00）A.now she is the highest paid actress in HollywoodB.it changes peoples perception of women in HollywoodC.it helps her gain self-confidenceD
7、.she finally gets what should be her hard works worth(4).According to Demi, she goes naked in Striptease because _.（分数：1.00）A.the high pay makes her feel obliged to do itB.she was required by the contract to do itC.she wants to experience the real life of the characterD.it was fun to do it(5).It see
8、ms to us that the critics may think _.（分数：1.00）A.Demis performance in the new film is not very goodB.Demi just wants to please her fans by going nakedC.Demis pay for Striptease is too highD.Demi should not go naked in Striptease三、BSECTION C/B(总题数：2，分数：5.00)(1).According to the news, Jose Padilla _.（
9、分数：1.00）A.is an AmericanB.kidnapped two U.S. citizensC.was born in AfghanistanD.received terrorist training from the Afghan government(2).Al Qaeda leaders helped Jose Padilla _.（分数：1.00）A.blow up an apartment building in the U. S.B.gain access to sufficient natural gas and explosivesC.prepare for a
10、terrorist attack with natural gasD.store natural gas in an apartment building(3).Which of the following is NOT included as one of Padillas targets for terrorist attack?（分数：1.00）A.New York City.B.Washington.C.Florida.D.Chicago.I Questions 9 and 10 are based on the following news. At the end of the ne
11、ws item, you will be given 10 seconds to answer each question. Now listen to the news. /I（分数：2.00）(1).According to the news, Iraqi Shiite militiamen have _.（分数：1.00）A.fought with U.S. troopsB.broken a truce with U.S. troopsC.clashed with Iraqi policeD.killed 6 people during the clash(2).It can be in
12、ferred that Iraqi Prime Minister Was condemning _ for the cost of 200 million dollars on the country.（分数：1.00）A.Iraqi militantsB.Iraqi policeC.U, S. troopsD.Both A and C四、BPART READING (总题数：5，分数：20.00)BTEXT A/BAmerican culture is defined by rather gradual movements from one stage of socialization to
13、 the next. The lifelong socialization process involves many different social forces which influence our lives and alter our self-images.Family The family is the institution most closely associated with the process of socialization. Obviously, one of its primary functions is the care and rearing of c
14、hildren. We experience socialization first as babies and infants living in families; it is here that we develop an initial sense of self. Most parents seek to help their children become competent adolescents and self-sufficient adults, which means socializing them into the norms and values of both t
15、he family and the larger society.The development of the self is a critical aspect of the early years of ones life. In the United States, such social development includes exposure to cultural assumptions regarding sex differences. The term “gender roles“ refers to expectations regarding the proper be
16、havior, attitudes, and activities o males and females. As the primary agents of childhood socialization, parents play a critical role in guiding children into those gender roles deemed appropriate in a society. Other adults, older siblings, the mass media, and religious and educational institutions
17、also have noticeable impact on a childs socialization into feminine and masculine norms. Differential treatment of children by adults is an influential aspect of gender-role socialization. Let us consider a hypothetical example of differential treatment of children which begins in the family. Ron an
18、d Louise are twins who both show an unusual interest in science at an early age. For his birthdays, Ron is given chemistry sets, telescopes, microscopes, and the liked however, despite asking for similar gifts, Louise is given miniature dollhouses, beautiful dresses, and dancing lessons.When the twi
19、ns are in junior high school, teachers take note of Rons love for science. They encourage him to do special projects, to help with their laboratory work, and to join the science club. Louise is given no such encouragement; in fact, one teacher considers her fascination with astronomy “strange“ for a
20、 girl. By the twins high school years, Ron is well known as a “science whiz“. The guidance counselor suggests that he attend a college with a strong science program in order to achieve his goal of becoming a biologist. Louise has realized that she would like to become an astr0nomer, but the counselo
21、r and her parents pressure her into preparing for a career as an early childhood teachera career which they see as more suitable for a woman.During their college years, Ron and Louise might develop self-images as “scientist“ and “teacher“, respectively. On the other hand, Louise might get to college
22、, switch her major, and become an astronomer despite everyones opposition. Neither of these young people is a passive actor who will inevitably follow the traditional gender roles of American society. Yet it can be extremely difficult to pursue a career, or any other type of life choice, if ones par
23、ents, teachers, and the society as a whole seem to be telling you that you are unmasculine or feminine for doing so. Without question, differential socialization has a powerful impact on the development of American females and males.Like other elements of culture, socialization patterns are not fixe
24、d. There has, for example, been a sustained challenge to traditional American gender-r01e socialization in the last 15 years, owing in good part to the efforts of the feminist movement. Nevertheless, despite such changes, children growing up in the 1980s are hardly free of traditional gender roles.（
25、分数：3.00）(1).According to the passage, socialization can be best described as a process in which one learns how to _.（分数：1.00）A.behave in a soeietyB.make friendsC.be a male or femaleD.treat people differentially(2).The hypothetical example of Ron and Louise is to illustrate _.（分数：1.00）A.the parents r
26、ole in socializationB.how gender roles take shapeC.the point that men are more likely to succeed than womenD.the womens inborn preference for beautiful dresses and dancing lessons(3).As can be inferred from the passage, gender-role socialization patterns _ in the United States.（分数：1.00）A.have change
27、d dramaticallyB.have remained unchangedC.have been largely overlookedD.have been affected by the feminist movementBTEXT B/BCountries at all levels of economic development face a similar challenge: to make their industries competitive in an increasingly integrated global economy. Despite sharing the
28、same overall goal, though, countries face distinctive geographical issues in ensuring that their industries compete effectively. Industries in relatively developed countries must protect their markets from new competitors. Countries once governed or still governed by communist parties must prepare t
29、heir industries to compete in a global market-driven economy. Developing countries of Africa, Asia, and Latin America must identify new markets and sources of revenue to generate industrial growth.Competition among blocs Industrial competition in the relatively developed world increasingly takes pla
30、ce among blocs of countries. Countries within three groupsNorth America, Western Europe, and East Asiacooperate more extensively with each other but compete against the other two regions to promote industrial growth.In North America, the United States and Canada have eliminated virtually all trade b
31、arriers, while similar efforts have been made among the members of the European Community. Cooperation is less extensive in East Asia, where Japanese industries tend to set the lead in exporting industrial goods to other countries.The free movement of most products across the borders has led to clos
32、er integration of industries within North America and Western Europe. For example, traditionally, most automobiles sold in Canada were manufactured in Canada, but now most automobiles sold in Canada are assembled in the United States. On balance, however, Canada exports twice as many automobiles to
33、its southern neighbor as it imports. Every Chevrolet Caprice and Ford Taurus sold in Canada is actually assembled in the United States, but every Chevrolet Lumina and Ford Crown Victoria sold in the United States is actually assembled in Canada.At the same time they have promoted internal cooperatio
34、n, the three trading blocs have erected barriers to restrict the ability of industries from other regions to compete effectively. European Community members slap a tax on goods that were produced in other countries. Japan has lengthy permit procedures that effectively hinder foreign companies from s
35、elling there. The Japanese government maintains quotas on the number of automobiles its companies can export to the United States in order to counter charges of unfair competition.Transnational corporations Industries within relatively developed countries are increasingly; controlled by large transn
36、ational corporations, sometimes called multinational corporations. A transnational corporation operates factories in countries other than the one in which its headquarters is located. Initially, transnational corporations were primarily American-owned, but in recent years Japanese, German, and other
37、 European companies have been active as well.Some transnational corporations locate factories in other countries to expand their markets. Manufacturing the product where it is to be sold overcomes the restrictions that many countries place on imports. Furthermore, given the lack of economic growth i
38、n many relatively developed countries, a corporation may find that the only way it can increase sales is to move into another country. Transnational corporations also open factories in countries with lower-cost site factors, in order to reduce production costs. The site factor that varies among coun
39、tries most dramatically is labor.Japanese transnational corporations have been especially active in the United States in recent years. Several hundred Japanese-owned corporations have built factories in the United States, primarily to develop new markets for electronics, automotive components, and m
40、etal products. Most of these plants have been located in a handful of interior states, including Ohio, Indiana, Kentucky, Michigan, Tennessee, and Illinois.（分数：5.00）(1).The Japanese government sets quotas on the exports of automobiles to _.（分数：1.00）A.hinder foreign companies from selling in JapanB.p
41、romote selling in JapanC.maintain balanced trade with other countriesD.operate factories in other countries(2).Which of the following is NOT true of the worlds economic blocs?（分数：1.00）A.There is free movement of goods across borders in North America.B.East Asia is the area with the most extensive co
42、operation.C.The three blocs have taken measures against competition from the outside.D.Ford cars running in the U.S. might be manufactured abroad.(3).Which of the following is TRUE of multinational corporations?（分数：1.00）A.All of them have their headquarters in North America.B.Labor is an important f
43、actor in determining the sites of factories to be built.C.The Japanese have built their plants primarily along the coasts of the U. S.D.Goods manufactured in local plants are viewed as imports in some countries.(4).According to the passage, there is not much cooperation in East Asia because _.（分数：1.
44、00）A.many countries in East Asia are politically hostile to JapanB.few countries in this region could match Japan in exportC.the governments are not aware of the necessityD.there is no agreement on the elimination of trade barriers(5).Transnational corporations locate their factories in other countr
45、ies for all of the following considerations EXCEPT _.（分数：1.00）A.expansion of marketB.reduction of production costsC.overcoming import restrictionsD.gaining more skilled hi-tech personnelBTEXT C/BI cry easily. I once burst into tears when the curtain came down on the Kirov Ballets “Swan Lake“. I stil
46、l choke ut5 every time I see a film of Roger Bannister breaking the “impossible“ four-minute mark for the mile. I figure I am moved by witnessing men and women at their best. But they need not be great men and women, doing great things.Take the night, some years ago, when my wife and I were going to
47、 dinner at a friends house in New York City. It was sleeting. As we hurried toward the house, with its welcoming light, I noticed a car pulling out from the curb. Just ahead, another car was waiting to back into the parking spacea rare commodity in crowded Manhattan. But before he could do so anothe
48、r car came up from behind, and sneaked into the spot. Thats dirty pool, I thought.While my wife went ahead into our friends house, I stepped into the street to give the guilty driver a piece of my mind. A man in work clothes rolled down the window.“Hey,“ I said, “this parking space belongs to that guy,“ I gestured toward the man ahead, who was looking back angrily. I thought I was being a good Samaritan, I guess and I remember that the moment I was feeling pre
