1、专业八级-294 (1)及答案解析(总分：90.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、BPART LISTENIN(总题数：1，分数：10.00)LAND USE A problem related to the competition for land use is whether crops should be used to produce food or fuel. (1) _ areas will be examined in this re- (1)_ sped. Firstly, the problem should be viewed in its (2) _ perspective
2、 When oil prices rose sharply (2)_ in the 1970s, countries had to look for alternatives to solve the resulting crisis. In developing countries, one of the possible answers to it is to produce alcohol from (3) _ material (3)_ This has led to a lot of research in this area particularly in the use of
3、4) _. The use of this material (4)_ resulted from two economic reasons: a (5) _ in its (5)_ price and low (6)_ costs. (6)_ There are other starchy plants that can be used to produce alcohol, like the sweet (7)_or the (7)_ cassava plant in tropical regions, and (8) _ and (8)_ sugar beet in non-tropi
4、cal regions. The problem with these plants is that they are also the peoples staple food in many poor countries. Therefore, farmers there are faced with a choice: crops for food or for fuel. And farmers naturally go for what is more (9)_. As a result, the (9)_ problems involved are economic in natur
5、e, rather than technological. This is my second area under consideration. Finally, there have already been practical applications of using alcohol for fuel. Basically, they come in two forms of use: pure alcohol as is the case in (10)_, and a combination of alcohol and (10)_ gasoline known as gasoho
6、l in Germany.（分数：10.00）填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_二、BSECTION B/B(总题数：1，分数：5.00)(1).What subject is Mr. Pitt good at?（分数：1.00）A.Art.B.French.C.German.D.Chemistry.(2).What does Mr. Pitt NOT do in his spare time?（分数：1.00）A.Doing a bit of acting and photography
7、B.Going to concerts frequently.C.Playing traditional jazz and folk music.D.Traveling in Europe by hitch-hiking.(3).When asked what a managers role is, Mr. Pitt sounds _（分数：1.00）A.confidentB.hesitantC.resoluteD.doubtful(4).What does Mr. Pitt say he would like to be?（分数：1.00）A.An export salesman work
8、ing overseas.B.An accountant working in the company.C.A production manager in a branch.D.A policy maker in the company(5).Which of the following statements about the management trainee scheme is TRUE? AI Trainees are required to sign contracts initially. B Trainees performance is evaluated when nece
9、ssary. C Trainees starting salary is 870 pounds. D Trainees cannot quit the management scheme.（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.三、BSECTION C/B(总题数：3，分数：5.00)1.The blast brought about heavy casualty_.（分数：1.00）A.because some houses are near the gas stationB.because the gas station is located in a provincial capitalC.b
10、ecause the gas station is near a mosqueD.because the gas station runs small businessesIQuestions 7 and 8 are based on the following news. At the end of the news item, you will be given 20 seconds to answer the questions. Now listen to the news./I（分数：2.00）(1).The police searched _homes in attempt to
11、find attack-related explosives and computer files.（分数：1.00）A.threeB.fourC.fiveD.six(2).The London blasts began at _.（分数：1.00）A.8:20 a.m.B.8:30 a.mC.8:40 a.m.D.8:50 a.m.IQuestions 9 and 10 are based on the following news. At the end of the news item, you will be given 20 seconds to answer the questio
12、ns. Now listen to the news./I（分数：2.00）(1).The reason why Sandra Day OConnor resigned from the Supreme Court was A that she failed to please either party in the Congress BI that she had served too long a time in the Court C that she was 80 years old and ailing with thyroid cancer D not mentioned（分数：1
13、00）A.B.C.D.(2).All of the following qualities EXCEPT _have been mentioned by President Bush as qualities that a nominee should possess.（分数：1.00）A.a good character to please both Democrats and RepublicansB.being intellectual and competent for the jobC.sense of justice and faithful interpreter of the
14、 ConstitutionD.standing for the American mainstream and its values四、BPART READING (总题数：5，分数：20.00)BTEXT A/BIn the world of entertainment, TV talk shows have undoubtedly flooded every inch of space on daytime television. And anyone who watches them regularly knows that each one varies in style and fo
15、rmat. But no two shows are more profoundly opposite in content, while at the same time standing out above the rest, than the Jerry Springer and the Oprah Winfrey shows.Jerry Springer could easily be considered the king of “trash talk“. The topics on his show are as shocking as ,shocking can be. For
16、example, the show takes the ever-common talk show themes of love, sex, cheating, guilt, hate, conflict and morality to a different level. Clearly, the Jerry Springer show is a display and exploitation of societys moral catastrophes, yet people are willing to eat up the intriguing predicaments of oth
17、er peoples lives.Like Jerry Springer, Oprah Winfrey takes TV talk show to its extreme, but Oprah goes in the opposite direction. The show focuses on the improvement of society and an individuals quality of life. Topics range from teaching your children responsibility, managing your work week, to get
18、ting to know your neighbors.Compared to Oprah, the Jerry Springer show looks like poisonous waste being dumped on society. Jerry ends every show with a “final word“. He makes a small speech that sums up the entire moral of the show. Hopefully, this is the part where most people will learn something
19、very valuable.Clean as it is, the Oprah show is not for everyone. The shows main target audience are middle-class Americans. Most of these people have the time, money, and stability to deal with lifes tougher problems. Jerry Springer, on the other hand, has mole of an association with the young adul
20、ts of society. These are 18-to 21.year-olds whose main troubles ill life involve love, relationship, sex, money and peers. They are the ones who see some value and lessons to be learned underneath the shows exploitation.While the two shows are as different as night and day, both have ruled the talk
21、show circuit for many years now. Each one caters to a different audience while both have a strong following from large groups of fans. Ironically, both could also be considered pioneers in the talk show world.（分数：4.00）(1).Compared with other TV talk shows, both the Jerry Springer and the Oprah Winfr
22、ey are _.（分数：1.00）A.more family-orientedB.unusually popularC.more profoundD.relatively formal(2).Though the social problems Jerry Springer talks about appear distasteful, the audience_.（分数：1.00）A.remain fascinated by themB.are ready to face up to themC.remain indifferent to themD.are willing to get
23、involved in them(3).Which of the following is likely to be a topic of the Oprah Winfrey show?（分数：1.00）A.A new type of robot.B.Racist hatred.C.Family budget planning.D.Street violence.(4).We can learn from the passage that the two talk shows（分数：1.00）A.have monopolized the talk show circuitB.exploit t
24、he weaknesses in human natureC.appear at different times of the dayD.are targeted at different audiencesBTEXT B/BIn the 1950s, the pioneers of artificial intelligence (AI) predicted that, by the end of this century, computers would be conversing with us at work and robots would be performing our hou
25、sework. But as useful as computers are, theyre nowhere close to achieving anything remotely resembling these early aspirations for humanlike behavior. Never mind something as complex as conversation: the most powerful computers struggle to reliably recognize the shape of an object, the most elementa
26、ry of tasks for a ten-month-old kid.A growing group of AI researchers think they know where the field went wrong. The problem, the scientists say, is that AI has been trying to separate the highest, most abstract levels of thought, like language and mathematics, and to duplicate them with logical, s
27、tep-by-step programs. A new movement in Al, on the other hand, takes a closer look at the more roundabout way in which nature came up with intelligence. Many of these researchers study evolution and natural adaptation instead of formal logic and conventional computer programs. Rather than digital co
28、mputers and transistors, some want to work with brain cells and proteins. The re- suits of these early efforts are as promising as they are peculiar, and the new nature-based AI movement is slowly but surely moving to the fore- front of the field.Imitating the brains neural network is a huge step in
29、 the right direction, says computer scientist and biophysicist Michael Conrad, but it still misses an important aspect of natural intelligence. “People tend to treat the brain as if it were made up of color-coded transistors“, he explains,“but its not simply a clever network of switches. There are l
30、ots of important things going on inside the brain cells themselves.“ Specifically, Conrad believes that many of the brains capabilities stem from the pat- tern-recognition proficiency of the individual molecules that make up each brain cell. The best way to build and artificially intelligent device,
31、 he claims, would be to build it around the same sort of molecular skills.Right now, the notion that conventional computers and software are fundamentally incapable of matching the processes that take place in the brain remains controversial. But if it pr. yes true, then the efforts of Conrad and hi
32、s fellow Al rebels could turn out to be the only game in town.（分数：4.00）(1).The author says that the powerful computers of today _.（分数：1.00）A.are capable of reliably recognizing the shape of an objectB.are close to exhibiting humanlike behaviorC.are not very different in their performance from those
33、of the 50sD.still cannot communicate with people in a human language(2).The new trend in artificial intelligence research stems from（分数：1.00）A.the shift of the focus of study on to the recognition of the shapes of objectsB.the belief that human intelligence cannot be duplicated with logical, step-by
34、step programsC.the aspirations of scientists to duplicate the intelligence of a ten-month-old childD.the efforts made by scientists in the study of the similarities between transistors and brain cells(3).Conrad and his group of Al researchers have been making enormous efforts to（分数：1.00）A.find a ro
35、undabout way to design powerful computersB.build a computer using a clever network of switchesC.find out how intelligence developed in natureD.separate the highest and most abstract levels of thought(4).Whats the authors opinion about the new Al movement?（分数：1.00）A.It has created a sensation among a
36、rtificial intelligence researchers but will soon die out.B.Its a breakthrough in duplicating human thought processes.C.Its more like a peculiar game rather than a real scientific effort.D.It may prove to be in the right direction though nobody is sure of its future prospects.BTEXT C/BBirds that are
37、literally half-asleep-with one brain hemisphere alert and the other sleeping-control which side of the brain remains awake, ac cording to a new study of sleeping ducks.Earlier studies have documented half-brain sleep in a wide range of birds. The brain hemispheres take turns sinking into the sleep s
38、tage characterized by slow brain waves. The eye controlled by the sleeping hemi sphere keeps shut, while the wakeful hemispheres eye stays open and alert. Birds also can sleep with both hemispheres resting at once.Decades of studies of bird flocks led researchers to predict extra alertness in the mo
39、re vulnerable, cud-of-the-row sleepers. Sure enough, the end birds tended to watch carefully on the side away from their companions. Ducks in the inner spots showed no preference for gaze direction.Also, birds dozing at the end of the line resorted to single-hemi sphere sleep, rather than total rela
40、xation, more often than inner ducks did. Rotating 16 birds through the positions in a four-duck row, the re searchers found outer birds half-asleep during some 32 percent of dozing time versus about 12 percent for birds in internal spots.“We believe this is the first evidence for an animal behaviora
41、llycontrolling sleep and wakefulness simultaneously in different regions of the brain, “the researchers say.The results provide the best evidence for a long-standing supposition that single-hemisphere sleep evolved as creatures scanned for enemies. The preference for opening an eye on the lookout si
42、de could be wide spread, he predicts. Hes seen it in a pair of birds dozing side-by-side in the zoo and in a single pet bird sleeping by a mirror. The mirror-side eye closed as if the reflection were a companion and the other eye stayed open.Useful as half-sleeping might be, its only been found in b
43、irds and such water mammals as dolphins, whales, and seals. Perhaps keeping one side of the brain awake allows a sleeping animal to surface occasion ally to avoid drowning.Studies of birds may offer unique insights into sleep. Jerome M. Siegel of the UCLA says he wonders if birds half-brain sleep “i
44、s just the tip of the iceberg.“ He speculates that more examples may turn up when we take a closer look at other species.（分数：4.00）(1).A new study on birds sleep has revealed that_.（分数：1.00）A.half-brain sleep is found in a wide variety of birdsB.halt-brain sleep is characterized by slow brain wavesC.
45、birds can control their half-brain sleep consciouslyD.birds seldom sleep with the whole of their brain at rest(2).According to the passage, birds often half sleep because_.（分数：1.00）A.they have to watch out for possible attacksB.their brain hemispheres take turns to restC.the two halves of their brai
46、n are differently structuredD.they have to constantly keep an eye on their companions(3).The example of a bird sleeping in front of a mirror indicates that_.（分数：1.00）A.the phenomenon of birds dozing in pairs is widespreadB.BI birds prefer to sleep in pairs for the sake of securityC.even an imagined
47、companion gives the bird a sense of securityD.a single pet bird enjoys seeing its own reflection in the mirror(4).While sleeping, some water mammals tend to keep half awake in order to_.（分数：1.00）A.alert themselves to the approaching enemyB.emerge from water now and then to breatheC.be sensitive to t
48、he ever-changing environmentD.avoid being swept away by rapid currentsBTEXT D/BThe two modern writers whose influence on young novelists has been most pervasive are probably James Joyce and Ernest Hemingway. There is no telling how many young writers have gone astray trying to emulate Joyces complexity of language and Hemingways misleading simplicity.I was reminded of that as I read Nicholas Delblancos Fathering, an often exasperating novel, beca
