1、专业八级-306 (1)及答案解析(总分：100.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、BPART LISTENIN(总题数：1，分数：10.00)Modern Examinations In the schools of ancient times, the most important examinations were spoken. Usually the students were supposed to say poetry aloud or give 1 _ (1) _ or discuss questions. Although the concrete forms of exami
2、- nations were various, they were alike in their essence, that is, they were spoken, which partly remains till today. However, modern examinations take a different form -a written 2 _ form, which was developed in the 19th century due to the increase in (2) _ and the development of modern industry. B
3、ut in the process of 3 _ examination, teachers and students are supposed to act like (3) _ but not human. 4 _ Commonly there are two types of tests used in modern schools, they 5 _ are called “objective“ test and “subjective“ test respectively. With the former one concentrated on the (4) _ of facts
4、while the latter one on personal (5) _, the two are different in many ways. Of course 6 _ they both have advantages and disadvantages. So far as the “objective“ test 7 _ is concerned, it is fair, above all, and then it is very efficient because its 8 _ form of answer is simple and objective, and it
5、is easy to be (6) _ But as this way of testing sometimes depends too much on “(7) _ , it is ultimately not very satisfactory. As for the “subjective“ test, it u- 9 _ sually refers to “(8) _ tests, which, comparatively speaking, contains less element of luck and thus can better reflect the students a
6、bili- ty of putting facts together into a meaningful whole. However, because this 10 _ form of testing requires students to write long answers, the students ability of (9) _ becomes a disturbing factor. Besides, the examiners feelings are different, that is to say, they are subjective when scoring s
7、tudents answers. Therefore, the “subjective“ test is not so fair as the “objective“ one. From the above, we know that whatever kinds of tests we take, it would be (10) _, and problems would arise. However, if we combine these two types together, we would get a clearer picture of students ability thr
8、ough testing.（分数：10.00）填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_二、BSECTION B/B(总题数：1，分数：5.00)(1).Linda learned about square -foot gardening _.（分数：1.00）A.by attending a classB.from her parentsC.through a gardening magazineD.by learning form her friend(2).What is the main
9、benefit of developing a square - foot garden?（分数：1.00）A.You can grow vegetables vertically.B.You can raise plants in a confined area.C.You can plant a wide variety of plants together.D.You can make a lot of profit.(3).Which point was NOT mentioned in starting this type of garden?（分数：1.00）A.Sunlight.
10、B.Location.C.Soil.D.Good drainage.(4).Which list of plants does Linda mention in her garden?（分数：1.00）A.Tomatoes, beets, egg plant, and squash.B.Strawberries, green peppers, okra, and tomatillos.C.Basil, onions, cantaloupe, and banana peppers.D.Carrots, cucumbers, pumpkins, potatoes.(5).What will hap
11、pen at the end of the show?（分数：1.00）A.Linda will give tips on how to prepare the soil.B.Linda will discuss building a green house.C.Linda will give a tour of her garden.D.Linda will invite her friends to her house.三、BSECTION C/B(总题数：2，分数：5.00)(1).What is the main target of the rebels in this latest
12、attack ?（分数：1.00）A.The current location of city leaders.B.Military stockpiles of ammunition.C.The main lines of transportation.D.Tall buildings in this city.(2).Which is NOT a major problem as a result of the war so far?（分数：1.00）A.Insufficient housing.B.Lack of drinking water.C.Lack of food.D.Infect
13、ious disease.IQuestions 8 to 10 are based on the following news from the VOA. At tile end of the news item ,you will be given 10 seconds to answer each question. Now listen to the news/I（分数：3.00）(1).Why did the team of 10 Americans had a goal of making history?（分数：1.00）A.Because it is the first team
14、 that topped Mt. Everest.B.Because all of the members of the team are blind men except Erik Weihenmeyer.C.Because one of its members is Erik Weihenmeyer, who hopes to become the first blind man to clear the famed Mt. Everest.D.Because all of the members of the team are old men who are eager to climb
15、 the famed peak.(2).When did Erik Weihenmeyer scale North America s highest peak?（分数：1.00）A.1995.B.1997.C.1998.D.1999.(3).How has Weihenmeyer climbed mountains?（分数：1.00）A.He has climbed mountains using a stick.B.He has climbed mountains riding a home.C.He has climbed mountains supported by a guider.
16、D.He has climbed mountains using a system be devised himself.四、BPART READING (总题数：5，分数：20.00)BTEXT A/BAs one of the developed countries in Asia, Japan has been sought hegemony in Asia because of its strong power in economy. How about its present economic situation? Today lets talk about this questio
17、n. Once a symbol of enormous economic growth, Japan has plunged into a deep recession with the burst of its bubble economy beginning in the early 1990s. This is, without a doubt, the worst economic crisis facing this country since the end of World War II. One wonders if Japan can see its way through
18、 the storm and overcome these latest doldrums.In the 1980 s, real estate prices soared to super inflated levels, and investors sank their money into the booming stock market. There seemed to be no end in sight for the land of the rising sun. Everything was rising, and the government, financial insti
19、tutions, and individuals paid little heed to the warning signs of an imminent crash. Then, the bubble burst, and land and stock prices plunged.What is the result of the crash? Many companies have faltered due to poor sales and bad debt, and have closed their doers. The domino effect on many financia
20、l institutions is that they must bear an enormous number of unrecoverable loads, which have resulted when companies, depending on profits from land in- vestments to repay loans, have found themselves insolvent. Furthermore, many individual depositors, fearing a collapse of more banks and securities
21、companies, have withdrawn their money in droves.Attempts by the government to revitalize the sluggish and contracting economy have proven fruitless. Pump -priming measures including tax cuts and public works spending have done little to put the economy on tract again. Whats more, the governments dec
22、ision to increase the consumption tax from 3 to 5 per- cent in 1997 has had a devastating impact on consumer spending. As for the business sector, companies have tried various measures to streamline management, but other ill effects of such policies, including rising uuemployment among older workers
23、, have surfaced and have dealt a huge blow to the recovery process.Japan s faltering economy has had an impact on other Asian countries, and some fear that the whole region will be drawn into depression. What will stem the tide of further economic collapse? For one, Japan must stabilize its financia
24、l system and take immediate and effective measures to deal with non-performing loans. Revealing the severity of the problem to the public and foreign governments is an essential first step. A more vital solution might be to institute a permanent tax cut to stimulate consumer spending and confidence
25、in the governments handling of the situation. Ultimately, this will encourage domestic demand for goods and services and will be the driving force behind much of the recovery. That s the bottom line. Of course, many more factors including deregulation will play a vital role in expediting economic st
26、abilization and growth.Whatever the case, action must be carried out swiftly and decisively. A passive and reticent approach to reform and change is what has hampered any improvement so far. Other nations have encouraged Japan to step up the pace of implementing change, but Japan must make the first
27、 step. or else we might be witnessing the setting of this great rising sun.（分数：5.00）(1).Japan s current economic crisis is the worst since _.（分数：1.00）A.World War IB.World War IIC.the Gulf WarD.the Korean War(2).What occurred during the bubble years of Japans economy?（分数：1.00）A.Money poured into the
28、bullish stock market.B.The value of the Japanese yen rose sharply.C.Financial institutions invested overseas.D.Many individual depositors have withdrawn their money in droves.(3).Why have many companies gone bankrupt in recent years?（分数：1.00）A.Inability to compete.B.Sluggish sales.C.Fewer exports.D.
29、More imports.(4).What is one measure the government has implemented to revitalize the economy?（分数：1.00）A.Streamlining the political bureaucracy.B.Lowering the consumption tax.C.Spending on the country s social infrastructure.D.Encourage companies to export their goods.(5).According to the passage, w
30、hat step will have the most impact on the recovery at this point?（分数：1.00）A.Decentralizing of the government.B.Initiating a permanent tax cut.C.Dealing with non -performing loans.D.Encourage investors to put their money into the stock market.BTEXT B/BNear the end of a five-day tour of highly automat
31、ed, high-tech Japanese factories, the American visitor was overwhelmed and feeling a little interior. Watching a string of gleaming stereo sets move down an assembly line, he turned to the plant manager and said, “Gosh, even your industrial design is better than ours.“Ah, yes,“ replied the manager,
32、“but America has treasures that Japan can never hope to possess.“You mean our mineral wealth and bountiful farms?“Ah, no. I was referring to Caltech and MIT.“Americas scientific institutions-its technological universities and government laboratories-are the envy of the world, producing ideas, device
33、s and medicines that have made the U.S. prosperous, improved the lives of people around the globe and profoundly affected their perception of the world and the universe. This tremendous creativity is reflected in the technical reports that are published in scientific journals throughout the world. F
34、ully 35% of them come from scientists doing their research at American institutions.Yet American dominance can no longer be taken for granted, Many recent U.S. achievements and a- wards stem in large measure from generous research grants of the past, and any weakening of government and industry comm
35、itment to support of basic research count in the next few decades cost the nation its scientific leadership. Some slipping is already divalent. In high-energy physics, where Americans once reigned supreme, Western Europe now spends roughly twice as much money as the U. S. Result: the major high-ener
36、gy physics discoveries of the past few years have been made not by Americans but by Europeans.Even so, money alone cannot guarantee scientific supremacy. Freedom of inquiry, an intellectually stimulating environment and continuous recruitment of the best minds must accompany it. That combination has
37、 been achieved in many U.S. institutions-educational, governmental and industrial-but perhaps no- where more successfully than at the National Institutes of Health, Bell Laboratories and Caltech.（分数：5.00）(1).Americas technological universities and government laboratories are generally _.（分数：1.00）A.l
38、oved by scientists in other parts of the worldB.disliked by scientists in other parts of the worldC.admired by scientists in other parts of the worldD.jealous of scientists in other parts of the world(2).Which of the following statement is true according to the passage?（分数：1.00）A.35% of technical re
39、ports published in scientific journals are written by scientists doing their research in America.B.35% of all scientific journals are issued by American scientific societies.C.35% of all scientists come from America.D.35% of all scientists are doing research at American institutions.(3).According to
40、 the passage, in the competition for scientific leadership, _.（分数：1.00）A.applied research is of the greatest significanceB.basic research is of the greatest significanceC.research in high-energy physics is of the greatest significanceD.research in high-tech fields is of the greatest significance(4).
41、The example given in the third paragraph is mainly used to show_.（分数：1.00）A.western Europe is spending more money than America in certain fieldsB.Europeans are making more discoveries than Americans in retain fieldsC.European scientists are more intelligent than American scientistsD.Americas scienti
42、fic leadership is being replaced by European countries(5).Which of the following is not mentioned as a necessary part to maintain Americas scientific leadership?（分数：1.00）A.Money.B.Combination of various disciplines.C.Joint efforts of the most intelligent scientists.D.Favorable academic atmosphere.BT
43、EXT C/BIn order to get your point across in your target language, you have to learn plenty of words. How do you set about it? Dr. Paul Meara, who lectures in applied linguistics, believes there are lots of different ways of learning words.“Generally, anything you do with the words which actually mak
44、es them yours rather than just abstract things which appear in a book or on a record will almost certainly help you to learn them. So, for example, writing them down is better than reading them. Putting them on bits of paper and sticking them up around your house is better than just looking at them
45、in the page of a book. Saying them out loud is better than reading them quietly. Anything which actually gets you to use them would probably help.“Encouragement and nurturing in the students and belief in their ability to learn is one of the central tenets of a relatively new approach. Its called Ac
46、celerated Learning and its an offshoot of an idea that began in Bulgaria. Michael Lawlor runs a language school for business executives, teaching foreign languages to the British, and English to foreigners. Hes currently testing this system to see if he can incorporate it into his teaching program a
47、t his school. The main principle is to tap the students emotions as well as their intellects and, to begin with, to get them to visualize themselves as successful communicators in the language theyre learning.“They can actually create a very clear mental picture of themselves say in five years time,
48、 in the country where the language is spoken, interacting with the people. They can also boost their own confidence as learners by recreating past successful learning situation. Many people fail in learning a language because their minds get calmer and they provide their brains with oxyge. We teach them to sit properly so that they dont lose energy and maybe to have some simple physical movements to keep their energy up. All these things are part of the learning process.“The co
