1、专业八级-311 及答案解析(总分:100.00,做题时间:90 分钟)1.然而秋确有另一意味,没有春天的阳气勃勃,也没有夏天的炎烈迫人、也不像冬天之全入于枯槁凋零。 我所爱的是秋林古气磅礴气象。有人以老气横秋骂人,可见是不懂得秋林古色之滋味。在四时中我于秋是有偏爱的,所以不妨说说。秋是代表成熟,对于春天之明媚娇艳,夏日之茂密浓深,都是过来人,不足为奇了,所以其色淡,叶多黄,有古色苍茏之概,不单以葱翠争荣了。 这是我所谓秋天的意味。 大概我所爱的不是晚秋,是初秋,那时暄气初消,月正圆,蟹正肥,桂花皎洁,也未陷入凛冽萧瑟气态,这是最值得赏乐的。 (分数:12.50)_2.吃饭还有许多社交的功用,
2、譬如联络感情、谈生意经等等,那就是“请吃饭”了。社交的吃饭种类虽然复杂,性质极为简单。把饭给自己有饭吃的人吃,那是请饭;自己有饭可吃而去吃人家的饭,那是赏面子。交际的微妙不外乎此。反过来说,把饭给予没饭吃的人吃,那是施食;自己无饭可吃而去吃人家的饭,赏面子就一变而为丢脸。这便是慈善救济,算不上交际了。至于请饭时客人数目的多少,男女性别的配比,我们改天再谈。 (分数:12.50)_3.规劝乃是朋友中间应有之义,但是谈何容易。名利场中,沆瀣一气,自己都难以明辨是非,哪有余力规劝别人?而在对方则又良药苦口忠言逆耳,谁又愿意让人批评他的逆鳞?规劝不可当着第三者的面行之,以免伤他的颜面,不可在他情绪不宁
3、时行之,以免逢彼之怒。孔子说:“忠告则善道之,不可则止。”我总以为劝善规过是友谊之消极的作用。友谊之乐是积极的。只有神仙与野兽才喜欢孤独,人是要朋友的。“假如一个人独自升天,看见宇宙的大观,群星的美丽,他并不能感到快乐,他必要找到一个人向他述说他所见到的奇景,他才能快乐。”共享快乐,比共受患难,应该是更正常的友谊中的趣味。 (分数:12.50)_4.“假若我再上一次大学”,多少年来我曾反复思考过这个问题。我曾一度得到两个截然相反的答案:一个是最好不要再上大学,“知识越多越反动”,我实在心有余悸。一个是仍然要上,而且偏偏还要学现在学的这一套。后一个想法最终占了上风,一直到现在。我为什么还要上大学
4、而又偏偏要学现在这一套呢?没有什么堂皇的理由。我只不过觉得,我走过的这一条道路,对己,对人,都还有点好处而已。我搞的这一套东西,对普通人来说,简直像天书,似乎无补于国计民生。然而世界上所有的科技先进国家,都有梵文、巴利文以及佛教经典的研究,而且取得了辉煌的成绩。这一套冷僻的东西与先进的科学技术之间,真似乎有某种联系。其中消息耐人寻味。 (分数:12.50)_5.我若为王,我的姓名就会改作:“万岁”,我的每一句话都成为:“圣旨”。我的意欲,我的贪念,乃至每一个幻想,都可竭尽全体臣民的力量去实现,即使是无法实现的。我将没有任何过失,因为没有人敢说它是过失;我将没有任何罪行,因为没有人敢说它是罪行。
5、没有人敢呵斥我,指摘我,除非把我从王位上赶下来。但是赶下来,就是我不为王了。我将看见所有的人们在我面前低头、鞠躬、匍匐,连同我的尊长,我的师友,和从前曾在我面前昂头阔步耀武扬威的人们。我将看不见一个人的脸,所看见的只是他们的头顶或帽盔。或者所能够看见的脸都是谄媚的,乞求的,快乐的时候不敢笑,不快乐的时候不敢不笑,悲戚的时候不敢哭,不悲戚的时候不敢不哭的脸。我将听不见人们的真正的声音,所能听见的都是低微的,柔婉的,畏葸和娇痴的,唱小旦的声音:“万岁,万岁!万万岁!”这是他们的全部语言:“有道明君!伟大的主上啊!”这就是那语言的全部内容。没有在我之上的人了,没有和我同等的人了,我甚至会感到单调,寂
6、寞和孤独。 (分数:12.50)_6.这就是白杨树,西北极普通的一种树,然而绝不是平凡的树!它没有婆娑的姿态,没有屈曲盘旋的虬枝,也许你要说它不美丽,如果美是专指“婆娑”或“横斜逸出”之类而言,那么白杨树算不得树中的好女子;但是它却是伟岸,正直,朴质,严肃,也不缺乏温和,更不用提它的坚强不屈与挺拔,它是树中的伟丈夫!当你在积雪初融的高原上走过,看见平坦的大地上傲然挺立这么一株或一排白杨树,难道你觉得树只是树?难道你就不想到它的朴质,严肃,坚强不屈,至少也象征了北方的农民;难道你竞一点也不联想到,在敌后的广大土地上,到处有坚强不屈,就像这白杨树一样傲然挺立的守卫他们家乡的哨兵!难道你又不更远一点
7、想到这样枝枝叶叶靠紧团结,力求上进的白杨树,宛然象征了今天在华北平原纵横激荡,用血写出新中国历史的那种精神和意志。 (分数:12.50)_7.除了读书之外,同知心的朋友通信,有时也教我感到一点兴奋。因为写信时可以上天下地的无所不谈,谈的话虽然都不关重要,而且大都是杂乱无章,然而不必像对社会说话时要打起什么腔调。也不必像做学术论文时必须严密地构思。有什么话便说什么,想到那里,笔便写到那里,正是个性自然的流露,最真挚心声的倾泻,不但自己得着一种解放的快乐,也教读者同样得着一种解放的快乐。 (分数:12.50)_8.书是我的恩师。贫穷剥夺了我童年的幸福,把我关在学校大门的外面,是书本敞开它宽厚的胸脯
8、,接纳了我,给我以慷慨的哺育。没有书,就没有我的今天。也许我早就委身于沟壑。书是我的良友。它给我一把金钥匙,诱导我打开浅短的视界、愚昧的头脑、闭塞的心灵,它从不吝惜对我帮助。书是我青春期的恋人,中年的知己,暮年的伴侣,有了它,我就不再愁寂寞,不再怕人情冷暖,世态炎凉。它使我成为精神世界的富翁。 (分数:12.50)_专业八级-311 答案解析(总分:100.00,做题时间:90 分钟)1.然而秋确有另一意味,没有春天的阳气勃勃,也没有夏天的炎烈迫人、也不像冬天之全入于枯槁凋零。 我所爱的是秋林古气磅礴气象。有人以老气横秋骂人,可见是不懂得秋林古色之滋味。在四时中我于秋是有偏爱的,所以不妨说说。
9、秋是代表成熟,对于春天之明媚娇艳,夏日之茂密浓深,都是过来人,不足为奇了,所以其色淡,叶多黄,有古色苍茏之概,不单以葱翠争荣了。 这是我所谓秋天的意味。 大概我所爱的不是晚秋,是初秋,那时暄气初消,月正圆,蟹正肥,桂花皎洁,也未陷入凛冽萧瑟气态,这是最值得赏乐的。 (分数:12.50)_正确答案:()解析:Yet unlike the exuberance of spring, the torridness of summer, or the complete lifelessness of winter, autumn does boast quite another kind of cha
10、rm. What I lose my heart to is the quaint magnificence of autumn forest. Some take it as a derogation “being lack in youthful vigor like autumn“, because they fail to appreciate the classic allure of autumn. Since I have a special preference for autumn of the four seasons, I would like to talk about
11、 it. Autumn denotes maturity in that it has experienced and detached the radiance of spring and the luxuriance of summer. Its color quiet and its leaves golden, autumn holds its position through the quality of majestic elegance, rather than simple verdancy.2.吃饭还有许多社交的功用,譬如联络感情、谈生意经等等,那就是“请吃饭”了。社交的吃饭
12、种类虽然复杂,性质极为简单。把饭给自己有饭吃的人吃,那是请饭;自己有饭可吃而去吃人家的饭,那是赏面子。交际的微妙不外乎此。反过来说,把饭给予没饭吃的人吃,那是施食;自己无饭可吃而去吃人家的饭,赏面子就一变而为丢脸。这便是慈善救济,算不上交际了。至于请饭时客人数目的多少,男女性别的配比,我们改天再谈。 (分数:12.50)_正确答案:()解析:Eating also serves many social functions like fostering relationships and doing business, which can be labeled “treatment“. Desp
13、ite its complex types, the essence of social meals is simple and straightforward. For those who can afford food, being invited to others“ table is receiving a treatment and their presence would be giving honor. The subtlety of intercourse is no other than this. On the contrary, it is charity to give
14、 food to those who cannot afford it. Likewise, their presence would be reduced to mortification. In that condition, the meal is alms rather than intercourse.3.规劝乃是朋友中间应有之义,但是谈何容易。名利场中,沆瀣一气,自己都难以明辨是非,哪有余力规劝别人?而在对方则又良药苦口忠言逆耳,谁又愿意让人批评他的逆鳞?规劝不可当着第三者的面行之,以免伤他的颜面,不可在他情绪不宁时行之,以免逢彼之怒。孔子说:“忠告则善道之,不可则止。”我总以为劝
15、善规过是友谊之消极的作用。友谊之乐是积极的。只有神仙与野兽才喜欢孤独,人是要朋友的。“假如一个人独自升天,看见宇宙的大观,群星的美丽,他并不能感到快乐,他必要找到一个人向他述说他所见到的奇景,他才能快乐。”共享快乐,比共受患难,应该是更正常的友谊中的趣味。 (分数:12.50)_正确答案:()解析:A duty towards friends as admonition is, it is never easy to perform. Drifting alike in this Vanity Fair, we ourselves are lost in the stream, let alo
16、ne being qualified to admonish others. On the other hand, just as a good medicine is bitter in the mouth, faithful advice usually offends the ear; no one welcomes others to touch his sore spot. To save the face of the listener, admonition should not be given at the presence of a third party; it also
17、 should not be delivered at a friend“s agitation lest it should stir his wrath. Confucius once said that “Sincere advice, if is to be offered, should be done in an amicable way or never.“ As for me, I always believe that admonition is the negative effect of friendship.4.“假若我再上一次大学”,多少年来我曾反复思考过这个问题。我
18、曾一度得到两个截然相反的答案:一个是最好不要再上大学,“知识越多越反动”,我实在心有余悸。一个是仍然要上,而且偏偏还要学现在学的这一套。后一个想法最终占了上风,一直到现在。我为什么还要上大学而又偏偏要学现在这一套呢?没有什么堂皇的理由。我只不过觉得,我走过的这一条道路,对己,对人,都还有点好处而已。我搞的这一套东西,对普通人来说,简直像天书,似乎无补于国计民生。然而世界上所有的科技先进国家,都有梵文、巴利文以及佛教经典的研究,而且取得了辉煌的成绩。这一套冷僻的东西与先进的科学技术之间,真似乎有某种联系。其中消息耐人寻味。 (分数:12.50)_正确答案:()解析:Why do I still
19、want to go to college and learn the same subject? In fact there aren“t any grandiose reasons. I simply assume that what I have done can benefit not only myself but also others. My research is so mysterious to ordinary people that they may consider it as useless to the national interest and people“s
20、livelihood in China. However, the studies of Sanskrit, Pali and the Buddhist Scriptures have been done and prospered in every developed country with advanced science and technology. There seems to be a relationship between the obsolete linguistic research and the advanced science and technology, whi
21、ch is really thought-provoking.5.我若为王,我的姓名就会改作:“万岁”,我的每一句话都成为:“圣旨”。我的意欲,我的贪念,乃至每一个幻想,都可竭尽全体臣民的力量去实现,即使是无法实现的。我将没有任何过失,因为没有人敢说它是过失;我将没有任何罪行,因为没有人敢说它是罪行。没有人敢呵斥我,指摘我,除非把我从王位上赶下来。但是赶下来,就是我不为王了。我将看见所有的人们在我面前低头、鞠躬、匍匐,连同我的尊长,我的师友,和从前曾在我面前昂头阔步耀武扬威的人们。我将看不见一个人的脸,所看见的只是他们的头顶或帽盔。或者所能够看见的脸都是谄媚的,乞求的,快乐的时候不敢笑,不快乐
22、的时候不敢不笑,悲戚的时候不敢哭,不悲戚的时候不敢不哭的脸。我将听不见人们的真正的声音,所能听见的都是低微的,柔婉的,畏葸和娇痴的,唱小旦的声音:“万岁,万岁!万万岁!”这是他们的全部语言:“有道明君!伟大的主上啊!”这就是那语言的全部内容。没有在我之上的人了,没有和我同等的人了,我甚至会感到单调,寂寞和孤独。 (分数:12.50)_正确答案:()解析:No one would dare to reproach or pick faults with me unless they tumbled me out of the throne, in which ease I would no lo
23、nger be the king. I would see all people bending their heads, bowing, and groveling at my feet, including my respected elders, teachers, friends and those who had once swaggered in front of me. I would not be able to see their faces; all I could see was the top of their heads or hats or helmets. Or,
24、 if I ever got a glimpse of their faces, all I could see would be ingratiating or supplicating faces that dared not smile when happy and dared not refuse to force a smile when unhappy, and faces that dared not weep when grieved and dared not refuse to shed tears when not so grieved.6.这就是白杨树,西北极普通的一种
25、树,然而绝不是平凡的树!它没有婆娑的姿态,没有屈曲盘旋的虬枝,也许你要说它不美丽,如果美是专指“婆娑”或“横斜逸出”之类而言,那么白杨树算不得树中的好女子;但是它却是伟岸,正直,朴质,严肃,也不缺乏温和,更不用提它的坚强不屈与挺拔,它是树中的伟丈夫!当你在积雪初融的高原上走过,看见平坦的大地上傲然挺立这么一株或一排白杨树,难道你觉得树只是树?难道你就不想到它的朴质,严肃,坚强不屈,至少也象征了北方的农民;难道你竞一点也不联想到,在敌后的广大土地上,到处有坚强不屈,就像这白杨树一样傲然挺立的守卫他们家乡的哨兵!难道你又不更远一点想到这样枝枝叶叶靠紧团结,力求上进的白杨树,宛然象征了今天在华北平原
26、纵横激荡,用血写出新中国历史的那种精神和意志。 (分数:12.50)_正确答案:()解析:They are white poplars, a most common kind of tree in the northwest of China, but they are by no means ordinary! They have neither a graceful posture nor spiral branches. You may think of them as not so beautiful. If beauty refers specifically to “a slend
27、er figure“ or “twigs slanting sideways“, then they cannot be regarded as fine girls among trees. Nevertheless, they are big and tall, honest and upright, simple and plain, earnest and unyieldingand not without gentleness and warmth though. They are giants of manliness among trees! When you trudge th
28、rough the melting snow of the plateau and see one or a row of white poplars standing firmly and proudly on the vast plains, how could you look upon them as nothing but trees?7.除了读书之外,同知心的朋友通信,有时也教我感到一点兴奋。因为写信时可以上天下地的无所不谈,谈的话虽然都不关重要,而且大都是杂乱无章,然而不必像对社会说话时要打起什么腔调。也不必像做学术论文时必须严密地构思。有什么话便说什么,想到那里,笔便写到那里,
29、正是个性自然的流露,最真挚心声的倾泻,不但自己得着一种解放的快乐,也教读者同样得着一种解放的快乐。 (分数:12.50)_正确答案:()解析:Besides reading, corresponding with bosom friends can somewhat delight me, for I can write whatever I like in the letter, desultory trifles maybe. Yet I need not weigh my words or tones in a manner as refined as speaking publicly
30、, nor do I have to structure the letter in a way as precisely as composing a dissertation. My pen tracks my mind wherever it runs. Thus those words in my letters are indeed the spontaneous overflow of my personality, and the true voice of my heart. I enjoy such a release when dropping a line, and I
31、believe my friends may enjoy likewise when reading those lines.8.书是我的恩师。贫穷剥夺了我童年的幸福,把我关在学校大门的外面,是书本敞开它宽厚的胸脯,接纳了我,给我以慷慨的哺育。没有书,就没有我的今天。也许我早就委身于沟壑。书是我的良友。它给我一把金钥匙,诱导我打开浅短的视界、愚昧的头脑、闭塞的心灵,它从不吝惜对我帮助。书是我青春期的恋人,中年的知己,暮年的伴侣,有了它,我就不再愁寂寞,不再怕人情冷暖,世态炎凉。它使我成为精神世界的富翁。 (分数:12.50)_正确答案:()解析:Books are my beloved tea
32、chers. Poverty deprived me of my childhood happiness and school education, while books embraced me liberally and nurtured me generously. It is to them that I owe what I am today. Without them, I would probably have ended up in abject misery long ago. Books are my good friends, which have offered me
33、a golden key to broadening my horizons and ridding myself of stupidity and ignorance. They spare no efforts to help me. Books are my sweethearts in my youth, my bosom friends in my middle age, and my companions in my declining years. They make me never feel lonely, nor fear social snobbery or fickleness of the world. It is no more than them that have made me rich in the inner world.