1、专业八级-357 及答案解析(总分：100.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、PART LISTENING COM(总题数：0，分数：0.00)二、SECTION A(总题数：0，分数：0.00)三、Humanities Disciplin(总题数：1，分数：10.00)填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_四、SECTION B(总题数：0，分数：0.00)五、Questions 1 to 5 are(总题数：1，分数：5.00)A.a newspaperB.the governmentC.a
2、 construction firmD.a private companyA.his wife likes him to work for a firmB.he prefers working for the governmentC.self-employed work is very demandingD.self-employed work is sometimes insecureA.be interested in artsB.study pure science firstC.get good exam resultsD.be good at drawingA.technically
3、 speaking artists draw very wellB.an artists drawing differs little from an architectsC.precision is a vital skill for the architectD.architects must be natural artistsA.more theoretical than practicalB.to produce sturdy, well-designed buildingsC.more practical than theoreticalD.to produce attractiv
4、e, interesting buildings六、SECTION C(总题数：0，分数：0.00)七、Questions 6 they continue to go to graduate schools so that they can some day teach humanities courses themselves, and a great deal of scholarship is still published. It is comforting to assume that as long as these conditions obtain, the disciplin
5、ary situation will shake itself out. I have no idea whether or not the complacent attitude will prove to be the wise attitude, though it often does. I do think, however, that the humanities disciplines are facing a crisis of rationale, and sooner or later crises of rationale can lead to crises of fu
6、nding, and those, at least, are serious. The humanities occupy only a corner of the higher education marketplace, but it has historically been a very prestigious corner. Although no one is likely to take the trouble to cut the humanities disciplines off, there is some fear that the action, including
7、 the funding, is moving into areas of teaching and research that can demonstrate a more obvious market utility. The humanities disciplines don t seem to be dying out, but they do feel dislocated. They are institutionally insecure because they appear to have lost their philosophical roots. The questi
8、on I attempt to address is exactly what those roots were in the first place.The history of higher education in the United States since the Second World War can be divided into two periods. The first period, from 1945 to 1975, was a period of expansion. The composition of the higher education system
9、remained more or less the same-in certain respects, the system became more uniform-but the size of the system increased dramatically. This is the period known in the literature on American education as the Golden Age. The second period, from 1975 to the present, has not been honored with a special n
10、ame. It is a period not of expansion, but of diversification. Since 1975, the size of the system has grown at a much more modest pace, but the composition-who is taught, who does the teaching, and what they teach-has changed dramatically. You cannot understand the second phase, the phase the univers
11、ity is in now, unless you understand the first.In the Golden Age, between 1945 and 1975, the number of American undergraduates increased by almost 500 percent and the number of graduate students increased by nearly 900 percent.Three external factors account for this expansion: the first was the baby
12、 boom; the second was the relatively high domestic economic growth rate after 1948; and the third was the Cold War. What is sometimes forgotten about the baby boom is that it was a period of record high birth rates that followed a period of record low birth rates-the Depression and the Second World
13、War. When Americans began reproducing at the rate of four million births a year, beginning in 1946, it represented a sharp spike on the chart. The system had grown accustomed to abnormally small demographic cohorts.The role played by the Cold War in the expansion of higher education is well known. T
14、he American university had been drawn into the business of government-related scientific research during the Second World War. At the time of the First World War, scientific research for military purposes had been carried out by military personnel, so-called “soldier scientists“. Then there was an i
15、dea to contract this work out to research universities, scientific institutes, and independent private laboratories instead. In 1945 was organized the publication of a report, Science-The Endless Frontier, which became the standard argument for government subvention of basic science in peacetime, an
16、d which launched the collaboration between American universities and the national government. Bush is the godfather of the system known as contract overhead the practice of billing granting agencies of indirect costs, an idea to which many humanists owe their careers. Then, in 1957, came Sputnik. Th
17、ough it had the size and lethal potential of a beach ball, Sputnik stirred up a panic in the United States. Among the responses (including, possibly, the election of John F. Kennedy in 1960) was the passage of the National Defense Education Act of 1958. The Act put the federal government, for the fi
18、rst time, into the business of subsidizing higher education directly, rather than through government contracts for specific research. Before 1958, public support had been administered at the state level.填空项 1:_ （正确答案：World War II）解析：填空项 1:_ （正确答案：expansion）解析：填空项 1:_ （正确答案：increased）解析：填空项 1:_ （正确答案
19、：high birth rates）解析：填空项 1:_ （正确答案：Depression）解析：填空项 1:_ （正确答案：1948）解析：填空项 1:_ （正确答案：scientific）解析：填空项 1:_ （正确答案：diversification）解析：填空项 1:_ （正确答案：modest）解析：四、SECTION B(总题数：0，分数：0.00)五、Questions 1 to 5 are(总题数：1，分数：5.00)A.a newspaperB.the government C.a construction firmD.a private company解析：听力原文1-5A
20、: So, you re an architect?B: Yes.A: Do you work for a public or private organisation, or are you self-employed, that is, working on your own?B: I m working for a private design and construction company.A: How did you start your career?B: I started with the government.A: Oh, did you? What made you de
21、cide to work for the government?B: Well, it was a matter of chance really. I saw an advertisement for a vacant position in a newspaper, and I thought “Why don t you try it.9“ In fact, I have no preferences to where I work, public or private.A: And do you still have this idea, or.B: More or less, yes
22、, although I m now working for a private firm, I worked for the government for about three years. It was alright. Of course there s the bureaucracy one has to put up with, but it s not that bad, if you don t mind bureaucratic wheels turning slowly, and things not being as efficient.A: Ah-ah. And wha
23、t made you leave the public sector?B: Money mainly. You see, I got married, and my wife doesnt work, and we wanted to start a family right away. So we thought it might be better off if I moved to the private sector. This is why it s hard for me to be self-employed because self-employed work has the
24、disadvantage that there may be time, or a period of time when you re unemployed.A: I see, so did you join this company straight away or.B: No, I worked for, in a couple of private firms before I came to this one.A: Hmm, hmm. Now what qualifications does one have to become an architect?B: Well, youve
25、 got to have a degree in architecture. That means before you apply to study architecture in any university, you have to pass exams, usually three A-levels with good results. Also you generally have to study sciences at school rather than arts, as the basis for the subject to be studied at university
26、 level, although when you really get down to it, the subject involves some aspects of arts too. Then you need between six and seven years to work through, by the end of which you usually sit for the final examination.A: So you mean to take up architecture, one has to have a scientific background?B:
27、Well, yes, mainly scientific, but it helps if you have some general arts background too. You know, architecture is not a pure science.A: Now, if one wants to take up architecture, one has got to be able to draw? Is that really true?B: Well, it is true that the work of an architect involves a lot of
28、drawing, and to be an architect you must be able to draw. But this doesnt mean that if you can t at present draw, you won t have the opportunity to be an architect, because you can be taught to draw. In fact drawing in architecture is different from drawing in art. An artist s drawing must be good i
29、n the sense that it gives a certain impression in the mind of the viewer, in fact some famous artists can t draw very well at ail, at least not from a technical point of view. On the other hand, an architect s drawing must be accurate. So I d say that accuracy of the drawings is what we aim at, what
30、 s important.A: Now what qualities do you think make a good architect, apart from being accurate in his drawings?B: Well, I m not sure if I can generalise about that. You see architecture is a mixture of theory and practice. So I suppose a good architect should be good at both. An architect s work i
31、s good in as much as the construction is built precisely as the theory requires, so that it doesnt collapse or can t be used after a period of time because it s dangerous. I don t mean a well-built construction will last forever, but it s predictable that if the building is constructed in a certain
32、way, or with certain materials, we can say how long it will last, provided that there s no other factor.A: Such as?B: Er, for example, an earthquake, or if the ground level sinks which may destroy it. So that s one part of being a good architect to design a construction which is attractive and will
33、last a long time.A: Right, so, that s the theory side. Now what about the practical aspect?B: Yes, the practical side concerns I d say, the use of the structure you design. If you design a house, the people who live in it later on, must be happy living in it. Er, a college student shouldnt think to
34、himself oh, I d rather be study. I d rather study in the library, my bedrooms too cold because the ceiling seems to be too high, and the windows too big. Or say, when somebody s cooking in the kitchen, the smell of the food shouldnt disturb somebody who s still in bed. The bathroom should be situate
35、d for everyone s convenience, but while it s being used the noise shouldnt disturb anyone. So you see these practical things which give you comfort apart from serving the purpose of the construction whatever it may be, a school, a hospital, a hotel and so on.A.his wife likes him to work for a firmB.
36、he prefers working for the governmentC.self-employed work is very demandingD.self-employed work is sometimes insecure 解析：A.be interested in artsB.study pure science firstC.get good exam results D.be good at drawing解析：A.technically speaking artists draw very wellB.an artists drawing differs little fr
37、om an architectsC.precision is a vital skill for the architect D.architects must be natural artists解析：A.more theoretical than practicalB.to produce sturdy, well-designed buildings C.more practical than theoreticalD.to produce attractive, interesting buildings解析：六、SECTION C(总题数：0，分数：0.00)七、Questions
38、6 & 7 are (总题数：1，分数：2.00)A.influence the market B.increase oil pricesC.stimulate the economyD.show their power解析：听力原文6-7Caracas (dpa) - The Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries is not ruling out further increases in production to stabilize world oil prices, OPEC President Ali Rodriguez said
39、 Tuesday, the same day OPEC s fourth production hike this year went into effect.We will put as many barrels on the market as necessary, Rodriguez said in Caracas, where he also serves as Venezuela s energy minister.He added that OPEC foresees a fifth production increase of 500,000 barrels per day as
40、 sufficient to lower prices, despite the approaching winter in the Northern Hemisphere.OPEC increased its production, beginning Tuesday, by 2 per cent, or 500,000 barrels per day. Its goal is to lower oil prices by 2 to 8 dollars per barrel. They currently stand at about 30 dollars per 159-1itrebarr
41、el.OPEC, which produces nearly 40 per cent of the world s oil, has the ability to effect oil prices by increasing or reducing its production. Analysts said, however, that the latest and any other production increases will have little impact because ail of OPEC s 11 members, except for Saudi Arabia,
42、are already pumping ail the oil they can.On Tuesday, Rodriguez said the United States move to release up to 30 million barrels from its emergency oil reserves onto world markets is also sending oil prices down. He added that the United States has agreed to attend a November summit between oil-produc
43、ing and -consuming nations in Saudi Arabia.“This is the very first time that the United States will be represented by ministers at such a summit, and that is very significant,“ Rodriguez said.A.all of OPECs 11 members, except for Saudi Arabia, refused the suggestionB.all of OPECs 11 members, except
44、for Saudi Arabia, have reached their highest production point C.the market will not be decided by mankindD.the United States will lead the action解析：八、Question 8 to 10 are(总题数：1，分数：3.00)A.Angels enjoyed wide support from adult moviegoers as well as youngsters. B.The advertisement played a great role.
45、C.The audience don t like Devil.D.Angels have a large number of superstars.解析：听力原文8-10Charlie s Angels sent Adam Sandler s devilish new comedy to purgatory at the weekend box office, as the femme crime-fighting trio easily retained the No. 1 slot with a haul of $25 million, according to studio estim
46、ates issued Sunday.Sandier s Little Nicky, in which the comedian plays the kind-hearted son of Satan, opened at No. 2 with $18.1 million a great figure for most movies, but a relative disappointment for Sandier. His last two movies, 1999 s Big Daddy and 1998 s The Waterboy, launched with $41.5 milli
47、on and $39.4 million, respectively.I think we would have wanted it to open higher, but you need to look at the reality of the marketplace, said David Tuckerman, president of distribution at New Line Cinema, which released Little Nicky.Sandier Gets Guy VoteThe reality, observers said, was that Charli
48、e s Angels has far exceeded expectations by grossing $75.4 million after two weekends, thus providing a lot of competition for the Sandier picture. Little Nicky did well, said Jeff Blake, president of worldwide marketing and distribution at Sony Pictures Entertainment, which released Charlie s Angels. But once you open at $40 million (as Angels did) you have a huge advantage.Blake predicted Angels, which stars Drew Barrymore, Cameron Diaz, and Lucy Lin, would pass $100 million before Thank
