1、专业八级-362 及答案解析(总分：103.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、BPART LISTENIN(总题数：0，分数：0.00)二、BSECTION A/B(总题数：1，分数：10.00)IIn this section you will hear a mini-lecture. You will hear the lecture ONCE ONLY. While listening, take notes on the important points. Your notes will not be marked, but you will need them to complete
2、a gap-filling task on ANSWER SHEET ONE after the mini-lecture. Use the blank sheet for note taking.Now listen to the mini-lecture./IHow to Get an A on an English PaperGetting an A on an English paper is many students dream. It is no easy task. However, there are some steps you can follow to help you
3、 turn out a successful English paper.I. In writing an excellent paper, you should follow 7 basic steps: Step 1 Pick a topic.If the teacher assigns a specific theme you will have to use that.If not, pick a topic that U U 1 /U /U.Step 2 Write U U 2 /U /U.Three parts: an introduction, U U 3 /U /Uof tex
4、t, and a conclusion.Write an outline.Step 3 Research the topic.Arranging the research is called U U 4 /U /U.Step 4 Begin with an introduction.The introduction needs to catch the readers U U 5 /U /UStep 5 Compose the main body of text.Begin each section with a mini-introduction.Step 6 Conclude the pa
5、per.The conclusion recap what information you have shared with U U 6 /U /UStep 7 Document any sources.U U 7 /U /Uthat notations for sources within the text are correct. Do the following to secure the A: Step 1 U U 8 /U /Uthe topic.Step 2 Revise the paper.Step 3 Get a second opinion. Tips and warning
6、s: Write down the quotes or information on U U 9 /U /U.Use more sources than the minimum requirement to get an A. Failing to provide U U 10 /U /Uwill result in a grade below an A.Do not expect a word processing spell check to catch all spelling and grammar errors. （分数：10.00）填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项
7、1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_三、BSECTION B/B(总题数：1，分数：5.00)（分数：5.00）(1).Mr. Bristow would like to deal with the matter now because A. Keith comes to interrupt him. B. Keith has made serious mistakes. C. he may not have time till late. D. he would have to work in a factory.（分数：1.00）A.B
8、.C.D.(2).Keiths suspicion of embezzlement is based on the fact that A. the Works Manager has made a mistake. B. Holder and Bragg has acted dishonestly. C. the Purchasing Manager has made a mistake. D. more spare parts than needed have been used.（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(3)._, Mr Cross wouldnt have been susp
9、ected of embezzlement. A. If he hadnt been on sick leave B. If he hadnt continued making excessive orders C. If he hadnt been Mr Lawtons brother-in-law D. If he hadnt been spotted by Mr Lawton（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(4).Mr Bristow suspects that A. Cross and Lawton have colluded in the swindle. B. Keith doe
10、s not possess any evidence. C. Cross is purposely on sick leave. D. Keith is telling a lie.（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(5).Which of the following statements is CORRECT? A. Cross may be severely punished. B. Cross illness justifies his misconduct. C. Cross and Lawton work part-time for Holder and Bragg. D. Cros
11、s and Hammond have conspired against Mr Bristow.（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.四、BSECTION C/B(总题数：2，分数：6.00)（分数：2.00）(1).Homeland Security Secretary Michael Chertoff is blamed for A. getting involved in a bribery. B. dealing in an illegal transaction. C. endangering national security. D. being negligent of his du
12、ty.（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(2).Michael Chertoff defends himself asserting that he made the deal because A. Arabic terrorists will not attack the USA any more. B. it is essential to maintain an active trading environment. C. there is no need to block a companys control over terminals. D. it is not fair to c
13、ut off business with foreign companies.（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.（分数：4.00）(1).How much did Spider-Man 3 take in on its opening day? A. 148 million. B. 227 million. C. 59.3 million. D. 55.8 million.（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(2).Which of the following statements is TRUE according to the news item? A. Spider-Man 3 broke
14、 the single-day box-office record. B. Spider-Man 3 was not so warmly received in foreign markets as was in the U.S. C. Spider-Man 3 was debuted on a Saturday. D. Spider-Man 3 still starred the same actors but had a different director.（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(3).The single-day box-office record was previous
15、ly held by which of the following movies? A. Harry Porter. B. Pirates of the Caribbean. C. Titanic. D. The Matrix.（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(4).The advertisement is launched to promote a Vaseline product that aims to A. make mens skin look whiter. B. make mens skin look more smooth. C. make womens skin look
16、whiter. D. make womens skin look more smooth.语音下载（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.五、BPART READING (总题数：0，分数：0.00)六、BTEXT A/B(总题数：1，分数：5.00)How exercise affects body weight is one of the more intriguing and vexing issues in physiology. Exercise burns calories, no one doubts that, and so it should, in theory, produce
17、 weight loss, a fact that has prompted countless people to undertake exercise programs to shed pounds. Without significantly changing their diets, few succeed. “Anecdotally, all of us have been cornered by people claiming to have spent hours each week walking. running, stair-stepping, etc., and are
18、displeased with the results on the scale or in the mirror, “wrote Barry Braun. an associate professor of kinesiology at the University of Massachusetts at Amherst.But a growing body of science suggests that exercise does have an important role in weight loss. That role, however, is different from wh
19、at many people expect and probably wish. The newest science suggests that exercise alone will not make you thin, but it may determine whether you stay thin, if you can achieve that state. Until recently, the bodily mechanisms involved were mysterious. But scientists are slowly teasing out exercises
20、impact on metabolism, appetite and body composition , though the consequences of exercise can vary. Womens bodies, for instance, seem to react differently than mens bodies to the metabolic effects of exercise. None of which is a reason to abandon exercise as a weight-loss tool. You just have to unde
21、rstand what exercise can and cannot do.“In general, exercise by itself is pretty useless for weight loss, “says Eric Ravussin, an expert on weight loss. Its especially useless because people often end up consuming more calories when they exercise. The mathematics of weight loss is, in fact, quite si
22、mple, involving only subtraction. “Take in fewer calories than you burn, put yourself in negative energy balance, lose weight, “says Braun, who has been studying exercise and weight loss for years. The deficit in calories can result from cutting back your food intake or from increasing your energy o
23、utput the amount of exercise you complete or both. When researchers affiliated with the Pennington center had volunteers reduce their energy balance for a study by either cutting their calorie intakes by 25 percent or increasing their daily exercise by 12.5 percent and cutting their calories by 12.5
24、 percent, everyone involved lost weight. They all lost about the same amount of weight too about a pound a week. But in the exercising group, the dose of exercise required was nearly an hour a day of moderate-intensity activity. What the federal government currently recommends for weight loss is “a
25、lot more than what many people would be able or willing to do,“ Ravussin says.At the same time, as many people have found after starting a new exercise regimen, working out can have a significant effect on appetite. The mechanisms that control appetite and energy balance in the human body are elegan
26、tly calibrated. “The body aims for homeostasis, “ Braun says. It likes to remain at whatever weight its used to. So even small changes in energy balance can produce rapid changes in certain hormones associated with appetite, particularly acylated ghrelin, which is known to increase the desire for fo
27、od, as well as insulin and leptin, hormones that affect how the body burns fuel.The effects of exercise on the appetite and energy systems, however, are by no means consistent. In one study presented last year at the annual conference of the American College of Sports Medicine, when healthy young me
28、n ran for an hour and a half on a treadmill at a fairly high intensity, their blood concentrations of acylated ghrelin fell, and food held little appeal for the rest of that day. Exercise blunted their appetites. A study that Braun oversaw had a slightly different outcome. In it, 18 overweight men a
29、nd women walked on treadmills in multiple sessions while either eating enough that day to replace the calories burned during exercise or not. Afterward, the men displayed little or no changes in their energy-regulating hormones or their appetites, much as in the other study. But the women uniformly
30、had increased blood concentrations of acylated ghrelin and decreased concentrations of insulin after the sessions in which they had eaten less than they had burned. Their bodies were directing them to replace the lost calories. In physiological terms, the results “are consistent with the paradigm th
31、at mechanisms to maintain body fat are more effective in women, “Braun and his colleagues wrote. In practical terms, the results are scientific proof that life is unfair. Female bodies, inspired almost certainly“ by a biological need to maintain energy stores for reproduction, “Braun says, fight har
32、d to hold on to every ounce of fat. Exercise for many women increases the desire to eat.（分数：5.00）(1).We can infer from the text that A. going on diet will definitely lead to weight loss. B. the theory of exercise burning calories is challenged. C. it is often disappointing to lose weight by doing ex
33、ercise. D. most people tend to spend hours walking, running, etc.（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(2).The phrase “teasing out“ in Paragraph 2 probably means succeeding in A. testing out something that is unknown. B. learning information that is hidden. C. making use of information that is hidden. D. putting effort
34、into something that is unknown.（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(3).Which of the following statements may be CORRECT about exercise A. The more exercise you do, the more weight you will lose. B. The dose of exercise recommended now might be reduced. C. Moderate-intensity activities are the best exercise for dieters
35、. D. Dieters should take various forms of exercise to lose weight.（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(4).It can be inferred from the passage that _ can give you an appetite. A. increased blood concentrations of insulin B. decreased blood concentrations of insulin C. decreased blood concentrations of acylated ghrelin
36、D. increased blood concentrations of acylated ghrelin（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(5).The best title for the passage is probably A. Exercise and Weight Loss. B. Weighing the Evidence on Exercise. C. Effect of Exercise on Men and Women. D. Calories, Exercise and Weight Loss.（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.七、BTEXT B/B(总题数：1，分数：
37、4.00)Researchers investigating brain size and mental ability say their work offers evidence that education protects the mind from the brains physical deterioration.It is known that the brain shrinks as the body ages, but the effects on mental ability are different from person to person. Interestingl
38、y, in a study of elderly men and women, those who had more education actually had more brain shrinkage.“That may seem like bad news,“ said study author Dr. Edward Coffey, a professor of psychiatry and of neurology at Henry Ford Health System in Detroit. However, he explained, the finding suggests th
39、at education allows people to with stand more brain-tissue loss before their mental functioning begins to break down.The study, published in the July issue of Neurology, is the first to provide biological evidence to support a concept called the “reserve“ hypothesis, according to the researchers. In
40、 recent years, investigators have developed the idea that people who are more educated have greater cognitive reserves to draw upon as the brain tissue to spare.Examining brain scans of 320 healthy men and women ages 66 to 90, researchers found that for each year of education the subjects had, there
41、 was greater shrinkage of the outer layer of the brain known as the cortex. Yet on tests of cognition and memory, all participants scored in the range indicating normal.“Everyone has some degree of brain shrinkage,“ Coffey said.“ People lose (on average) 2.5 percent decade starting at adulthood.“The
42、re is, however, a “remarkable range“ of shrinkage among people who show no signs of mental decline, Coffey noted. Overall health, he said, accounts for some differences in brain size. Alcohol or drug use, as well as medical conditions such as diabetes and high blood pressure, contribute to brain-tis
43、sue loss throughout adulthood.In the absence of such medical conditions, Coffey said, education level helps explain the range of brain shrinkage exhibited among the mentally-fit elderly. The more-educated can withstand greater loss.Coffey and colleagues gauged shrinkage of the cortex by measuring th
44、e cerebrospinal fluid surrounding the brain. The greater the amount of fluid, the greater the cortical shrinkage. Controlling for the health factors that contribute to brain injury, the researchers found that education was related to the severity of brain shrinkage. For each year of education from f
45、irst grade on, subjects had an average of 1.77 milliliters more cerebrospinal fluid around the brain.For example, Coffeys team reported, among subjects of the same sex and similar age and skull size, those with 16 years of education had 8 percent to 10 percent more cerebrospinal fluid compared with
46、those who had four years of schooling.Of course, achieving a particular education level is not the definitive measure of someones mental capacity. And, said Coffey, education can be “a proxy for many things“. More-educated people, he noted, are often less likely to have habits, such as smoking, that
47、 harm overall health. But Coffey said that his teams findings suggest that like the body, the brain benefits from exercise.“ The question is whether by continuing to exercise the brain we can forestall the effects of (brain shrinkage),“ he said. “My hunch is that we can.“According to Coffey, people
48、should strive throughout life to keep their brains alert by exposing themselves to new experiences. Travelling is one way to stimulate the brain, he said; a less adventuresome way is to do crossword puzzles.“A hot topic down the road,“ Coffey said, “will be whether education even late in life has a protective effect against
