1、专业八级-427 及答案解析(总分：100.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、PROOFREADDING it“s taboo to be fat. The “in“ look is thin, not fat. In the work world, most companies prefer youthful-looking, trim executives sell their image as well as their products to the 8 public. The thin look is associated to youth, vigor, and success. T
2、he 9 fat person, on the other hand, is thought of as lazy and lack in 10 energy, self-discipline, and self-respect. In an image-conscious society like the U.S., thin is “in“, fat is “out“.（分数：20.00）Working-class families in the United States are usually nuclear, and many studies indicate that workin
3、g-class couples marry for love, not for money. Upper-class couples may marry for love, but their commitment of love is sometimes compromised by the recognition of their marriage 11 as way to preserve their class identity. Middle-class couples may also marry for love, but the overridden task of middl
4、e-class families is also 12 an economic thing-to enhance the earning power of the breadwinner. 13 Of course, working-class people are also affected by the economic realities for their families must operate like economic units as well. 14 However, the economic tasks of families are more a part of the
5、ir dreams 15 about marriage than they are a part of the reality of their married life. Indeed, to many a working-class couples, love provides a way to escape 16 from the difficulties of their parents“ home and starts their own family life. 17 Another distinctive feature of working-class families is
6、the majority 18 of them have limited choices about the work available to them. Their “choices“ are often the “leftovers“ in the job market. People from working-Class families do seek self-esteem and personal confirmation, and they 19 come to their jobs full of hopes. However, given the way which pro
7、duction 20 and consumption are organized in advancing societies like the U.S., members of the working-class often experience exploitation in struggling at jobs that may be less meaningful.（分数：20.00）Proper arrangement of classroom space is important to encouraging interaction. Today“s corporations hi
8、re human engineering specialists and spend a considerate number of time and money to make sure that 21 the physical environments of buildings are fit for the activities of their inhabitants. College classroom space, however, should be designed to 22 encourage the activity of critical thinking. We ar
9、e approaching to 23 a new era, but step into almost any college classroom and you step back on time at least a hundred years. Desks are normally in 24 straight rows, so students can clearly see the teacher but not their 25 classmates. With a little imagination and effort, if desks are fixed to the f
10、loor, 26 the teacher can correct this situation and create space what encourages 27 interchanges among students. In small or standard-size classes, chairs and desks can be arranged in various ways: circles, U-shapes, or semicircles. The primary goal should be for everyone to see everyone else. Large
11、r classes, particularly those hold in lecture halls, unfortunately, 28 allow much less flexibility. Arrangement of the classroom should also make it easy to divide students into small groups for problem-solving exercises. Small classes with moving desks and tables present no problem. Even in large l
12、ecture 29 halls, it is possible for students to turn around and form groups of four to six. Breaking a class into small groups provides many opportunities 30 for students to interact with each other.（分数：20.00）The word conservation has a thrifty meaning. To conserve is to save and protect, to leave w
13、hat we ourselves enjoy in such good condition as 31 others may also share the enjoyment our forefathers had no idea that human population would increase faster than the supplies of crude materials. 32 Most of them, even until very recently, have the foolish idea that the treasures were “limitless“ a
14、nd “inexhaustible“. Most of the citizens of early generations 33 knew little or nothing about the complicated and the delicate system that runs all through the nature, which means that, as in a life body, an 34 unhealthy condition of one part will sooner or later be harmful to all others. 35 Fifty y
15、ears ago nature study was not part of the school work. 36 Scientific forestry was a new idea; timber was still cheap at that time because it could be brought in any quantity from distant woodlands; soil destruction and river floods were not national problems; nobody had already 37 studied long-term
16、climate cycles in relation with proper laud use; even the 38 word conservation had nothing of the meaning that it has for us today. For the sake of ourselves and those who come after us, we must now 39 set about repairing the mistakes of our forefathers. Conservation should, however, be made a part
17、of everyone“s daily life. To know about the water 40 table in the ground is just as important to us as a knowledge of the basic arithmetic formulas.（分数：20.00）A rapid means of long-distance transportation became a necessity for the United States as settlement spread farther westward. For a long time
18、the railroad companies met with troubled mechanical problems. The 41 most serious were the construction of rails able to bear the load, and the development of the safe, effective stopping system. Once these were solved, 42 and the railroad was established as the best means of land transportation. 43
19、 By 1860 they had built thousands of miles of railroads crossing the eastern mountain ranges and reaching westward in the Mississippi. The high point in railroad building came by the construction of 44 the first transcontinental railroad. In 1862 Congress had authorized two 45 railroad companies to
20、build lines from Nebraska westward and from California eastward to a meeting point so as to complete a transcontinental system. The Central Pacific Company, starting from California, used Chinese labor, the Union Pacific employed crews of Irish laborers. 46 The two groups worked at remarkable speed,
21、 each tried to cover 47 a greater distance than the other. In 1869, they met at a place called Promontory. Many visitors came there for the great occasion. There were joyous celebrations all over the country, with parades and the ringing of church bells honor the great achievement. 48 The railroad w
22、as very important in discouraging westward movement. 49 It also helped build up industry and farming by moving raw materials and by distributing products rapid to distant markets. 50 （分数：20.00）专业八级-427 答案解析(总分：100.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、PROOFREADDING it“s taboo to be fat. The “in“ look is thin, not fat. In
23、 the work world, most companies prefer youthful-looking, trim executives sell their image as well as their products to the 8 public. The thin look is associated to youth, vigor, and success. The 9 fat person, on the other hand, is thought of as lazy and lack in 10 energy, self-discipline, and self-r
24、espect. In an image-conscious society like the U.S., thin is “in“, fat is “out“.（分数：20.00）解析：actyouron解析 act on 意为“根据行事”，因此应在动词 act 后加上介词 to。解析：the the 解析 此处考查定冠词的使用。根据上下文可知，句中的 people 是泛指一类人，而the other 是特指两个中的另一个，故应去掉 other 前的定冠词 the。解析：phenomenaphenomenon解析 由句中的代词 it 可知 it 所指代的内容应为单数，因此，应将phenomen
25、a 改为其单数形式 phenomenon。解析：consideringconsidered解析 此处考查的是过去分词作后置定语的用法。根据上下文可知，句中的 consider 与 behavior and attitudes 应为动宾关系，过去分词 considered 修饰句中的 behavior and attitudes，大意为“曾经被人们认为是禁忌的做法和态度”。解析：upsetupsetting解析 upset 作形容词讲时意为“(某人)感到不安”，主语通常为人；upsetting 是形容某件事物令人感到不安，故应将 upset 改为 upsetting。解析：awaredaware
26、解析 aware 本身为形容词，意为“意识到的，知道的”。因此，应将 awared 改为 aware。解析：LikeUnlike解析 根据上下文可知，肥胖是美国人经常谈论的话题，这是与其它禁忌的不同之处，故应将 Like 改为 Unlike。解析：executivessellto解析 本题考查的是 prefer 的用法。prefer sb. to do sth. 意为“更喜欢或宁愿某人做某事”，因此应在动词 sell 前加上介词 to。解析：towith解析 associate.with.是固定搭配，意为“把与联系在一起”，故应将介词 to 改为介词 with。解析：lacklacking解析
27、 “缺乏某物”的正确表达是 lack sth. 或 be lacking in sth. ，由于后面接有介词 in，故应将 lack 改为 lacking，句中的 lazy 与 lacking in 为并列结构。Working-class families in the United States are usually nuclear, and many studies indicate that working-class couples marry for love, not for money. Upper-class couples may marry for love, but t
28、heir commitment of love is sometimes compromised by the recognition of their marriage 11 as way to preserve their class identity. Middle-class couples may also marry for love, but the overridden task of middle-class families is also 12 an economic thing-to enhance the earning power of the breadwinne
29、r. 13 Of course, working-class people are also affected by the economic realities for their families must operate like economic units as well. 14 However, the economic tasks of families are more a part of their dreams 15 about marriage than they are a part of the reality of their married life. Indee
30、d, to many a working-class couples, love provides a way to escape 16 from the difficulties of their parents“ home and starts their own family life. 17 Another distinctive feature of working-class families is the majority 18 of them have limited choices about the work available to them. Their “choice
31、s“ are often the “leftovers“ in the job market. People from working-Class families do seek self-esteem and personal confirmation, and they 19 come to their jobs full of hopes. However, given the way which production 20 and consumption are organized in advancing societies like the U.S., members of th
32、e working-class often experience exploitation in struggling at jobs that may be less meaningful.（分数：20.00）解析：ofto解析 词法错误。commitment to 意为“对承诺”，为固定搭配，故应将介词 of 改为介词 to。解析：overriddenoverriding解析 本题考查的分词用法。根据上下文可知，overridden 与 task 之间不存在逻辑上的被动关系；overriding 是表示主动意义的形容词，意为“首要的，最重要的”，可以作 task 的前置定语，符合句意。因此
33、，应将 overridden 改为 overriding。解析：thingone解析 “also an economic one”在此句中作表语，one 指代的是前面的 task。故应将 thing 改为 one。解析：likeas解析 as 在此句中作方式状语，意为“作为”，而 like 无此用法，故应将 as 改为like。解析：moreless解析 通过对上下文的理解可知，此处应将 more 改为 less 才符合文章的语义逻辑关系，故应将 more 改为 less。解析：a a 或 couplescouple 解析 “many a”意为“好些，许多”，后接可数名词的单数形式。解析：st
34、artsstart解析 动词单复数错误。句中的 escape 和 start 是两个并列谓语动词，因此两者的时态应该保持一致，故应将 starts 改为原形 start。解析：isthethat解析 系动词 is 后面接表语从句，不能省略连接词 that。因此，应在 is 后加上that。解析：confirmationaffirmation解析 self-esteem 意为“自尊”，affirmation 意为“肯定，断言”，而 confirmation 意为“证实，证明，批准”。结合并列成分 serf-esteem“自尊”可知，personal affirmation(自我肯定)最符合句意。
35、故应将 confirmation 改为 affirmation解析：waywhichin解析 定语从句关系代词前置介词漏用。先行词 the way 应与介词 in 搭配才能构成完整的定语从句结构，故应在 which 前加上介词 in。Proper arrangement of classroom space is important to encouraging interaction. Today“s corporations hire human engineering specialists and spend a considerate number of time and money
36、 to make sure that 21 the physical environments of buildings are fit for the activities of their inhabitants. College classroom space, however, should be designed to 22 encourage the activity of critical thinking. We are approaching to 23 a new era, but step into almost any college classroom and you
37、 step back on time at least a hundred years. Desks are normally in 24 straight rows, so students can clearly see the teacher but not their 25 classmates. With a little imagination and effort, if desks are fixed to the floor, 26 the teacher can correct this situation and create space what encourages
38、27 interchanges among students. In small or standard-size classes, chairs and desks can be arranged in various ways: circles, U-shapes, or semicircles. The primary goal should be for everyone to see everyone else. Larger classes, particularly those hold in lecture halls, unfortunately, 28 allow much
39、 less flexibility. Arrangement of the classroom should also make it easy to divide students into small groups for problem-solving exercises. Small classes with moving desks and tables present no problem. Even in large lecture 29 halls, it is possible for students to turn around and form groups of fo
40、ur to six. Breaking a class into small groups provides many opportunities 30 for students to interact with each other.（分数：20.00）解析：consideratesconsiderable/large/great解析 本题考察易混淆词误用。considerate 意为“体贴的，考虑周到的”；considerable 意为“大量的，重要的”。由 a number of time and money 可知，此处表示的是“大量的时间和金钱”，故应该用 considerable 来
41、修饰 number，或改为其同义词large 或 great。解析：howevertherefore解析 结合上下文可知，此处与上一句构成类比关系，而非转折关系。因此对照上文的 environments of buildings 可知，此处应将转折连词 however 改为 therefore。解析：to to 解析 approach 为及物动词，后面可直接接名词作宾语，而无需使用介词。故应将介词to 去掉。解析：onin解析 本题考查的是介词短语。on time 意为“准时”。结合上下文可知，此处是将“100年前”与上文的“新世纪”进行对比，意为“时间上”倒退了至少一百年，故应把介词 on
42、改为 in。要注意的是，这里的 in time 不能理解为“及时”，而应表示“在时间上”。解析：nottheirall解析 结合语境可知，上文提到课桌通常直行排列，而这里说学生只能看到老师，看不到同学。两句话显然存在逻辑错误，学生们至少还能看到部分同学。故此处应加上范畴词 all，表示“看不到他们所有的同学”。解析：arefixednot 或 ifunless解析 结合下文内容可知，该句意为“如果课桌被固定在地上，老师是可以改变这种布局的”，由此可以判断句子之间存在明显的逻辑错误。应该加上否定词 not，或将if 改为相当于其否定形式 if not 的词 unless“除非”。解析：whatt
43、hat/which解析 本题考查关系代词。由于 space 后接定语从句，而先行词 space 已经出现，并在从句中充当主语，故应将 what 改为关系代词 that 或 which。解析：holdheld解析 分析句子结构可知，those 指代上文中的 larger classes，与 hold 之间构成被动关系，因此应将 hold 改为其过去分词 held 进行修饰。解析：movingmovable解析 本题考查易混词误用。moving 意为“移动的，活动的”；movable 意为“可动的”。结合段首的 easy to divide students 可知，此处要表达的是“可移动的课桌”，
44、故将moving 改为 movable。解析：manymore解析 分析上下文可知，上文表达的意思是：装上活动桌椅后，即使在大教室学生也能转过身去并组成小组。由此可以推断，小组上课会有“更多的”机会来进行交流。故将 many 改为其比较级形式 more 则更加贴合语境，也使表意更加连贯。The word conservation has a thrifty meaning. To conserve is to save and protect, to leave what we ourselves enjoy in such good condition as 31 others may al
45、so share the enjoyment our forefathers had no idea that human population would increase faster than the supplies of crude materials. 32 Most of them, even until very recently, have the foolish idea that the treasures were “limitless“ and “inexhaustible“. Most of the citizens of early generations 33
46、knew little or nothing about the complicated and the delicate system that runs all through the nature, which means that, as in a life body, an 34 unhealthy condition of one part will sooner or later be harmful to all others. 35 Fifty years ago nature study was not part of the school work. 36 Scienti
47、fic forestry was a new idea; timber was still cheap at that time because it could be brought in any quantity from distant woodlands; soil destruction and river floods were not national problems; nobody had already 37 studied long-term climate cycles in relation with proper laud use; even the 38 word
48、 conservation had nothing of the meaning that it has for us today. For the sake of ourselves and those who come after us, we must now 39 set about repairing the mistakes of our forefathers. Conservation should, however, be made a part of everyone“s daily life. To know about the water 40 table in the
49、 ground is just as important to us as a knowledge of the basic arithmetic formulas.（分数：20.00）解析：asthat解析 句法错误。本题考查的是连词的使用。由该句中的 such 一词可知，此处应为such.that.结构表示“如此以致于”之义，故应将连词 as 改为 that。解析：cruderaw解析 crude 意为“天然的，未提炼的”，如 crude oil(原油)；而“原材料”的固定说法是 raw material，故将 crude 改为 raw。解析：earlyearlier。解析 根据上下文可知，本句意为“早几代人”，故应使用 early 的比较级形式 earlier。解析：lifeliving解析 考查易混词误用。尽管两词都有“生活”之义，但 life 更侧重于“生命”，并且在表示“生活”时通常不作前置定语修饰别的名词；而 living 却常用作前置定语修饰名词，如：living conditions(生活条件)，living expense
