1、专业八级-472 及答案解析(总分：100.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、READING COMPREHENSIO(总题数：5，分数：100.00)What a beautiful city. Lights blinking serenely, highways and rivers flowing, bridges on guard like giant eagles. And playgrounds, playgrounds everywhere. New York City is already on the mapspecifically, the huge permanent Pa
2、norama that takes up an entire gallery at the Queens Museum, displaying all 895,000 buildings in the five boroughs. The organizers of the NYC2012 bid took the Olympic evaluation committee to the Panorama yesterday to demonstrate what this city would look like during a Summer Gameswith just a nip her
3、e, a tuck there and, oh, by the way, a humongous stadium that would bring Western civilization and a bigger cash flow to the West Side of Manhattan. Yesterday these very able organizers trotted out fabled athletes like Billie Jean King, Grete Waitz, Bill Bradley, Nadia Comaneci, Bart Connor, Bob Bea
4、mon, Janet Evans and Eamonn Coghlan, who all testified that New York would be a grand host in 2012 and an even better playground in the years afterward. Even with vital needs for more schools, more hospitals, it is hard not to be tantalized by more sports facilities when King tells how her apprentic
5、eship on the public courts of Long Beach, Calif., led directly to her glories at the United States Open in Forest Hills and Flushing Meadows. It is hard not to feel the international dynamics of the Olympics when Bradley relates how he used his minimal Russian to trash-talk a Soviet player at the 19
6、64 Summer Games, before he became a member of the championship Knicks of melancholy and ancient memory. It is hard not to be pulled into the sporting energy of New York when Waitz recalls her first New York marathon, how she plodded through the quiet streets of Queens before crossing the Queensboro
7、Bridge. “I“m dying,“ she said, recalling that wall of sound in Manhattan, which made her think, “Are they talking to me?“ They were indeed talking to her, urging her to run faster. King and Bradley agreed that there was something in the New York airmaybe the legendary New York echo, the one that tal
8、ks backthat makes people run faster, leap higher, think quicker. Does any of this mean New York needs to be the host of the 2012 Summer Games? The organizers are putting on an impressive dog-and-pony show in New York. Central Park always looks good in snow, but this time it balances out the gaudy an
9、d temporary stunt of the bright-orange “Gates“. Not needing gimmicks, New York already has the heady confidence of a city deeply involved in its sports teams. The International Olympic Committee“s scouts are inspecting the city, but most New Yorkers care more about whether Jason Giambi and Mike Piaz
10、za get their power back. The evaluation committee was taken out to Queens yesterday morning to visit the National Tennis Center. Despite the snowstorm Sunday night, the parking lots and walkways at the center were dry. “I had my five kids out there shoveling at 4 in the morning, paid them $1 an hour
11、,“ said Jay Kriegel, the executive director of NYC2012, who was, perhaps, joking. The NYC2012 people even organized a sortie to Madison Square Garden, the proposed site of Olympic basketball in 2012. The Garden is run by the Dolan Cablevision people, who are fighting the three-in-one stadium plan, b
12、ut the visit was gracious on all sides. Bradley, the former three-term senator from New Jersey, was at the Garden, where he used to push Jack Marin of the Baltimore Bullets and get free for backdoor layups. This time he shot baskets with the evaluation commission. There is apparently no I.O.C. law a
13、gainst that. The organizers are planning to build pools and whitewater canoe courses and equestrian centers that would theoretically benefit New Yorkers for generations. They make a very good presentation about the lasting value of the Games to any host city. “The I.O.C. does not want white elephant
14、s,“ King said. To guarantee a lasting impact, the NYC2012 people have organized a Legacy Foundation, which started with a $75 million endowment. Andrew Kimball, the director of operations for NYC2012, addressed the evaluation committee and said legacy “is a critical issue for them.“ The drawback is
15、that this entire bid is hinged upon NYC2012“s insistence on building a multipurpose center with a retractable dome that would serve as convention center, indoor arena and Jets football stadium. “In fact, we are creating an entirely new neighborhood in New York City,“ Kriegel said while overlooking t
16、he low-slung railroad yards and warehouses alongside the Hudson River. The organizers may have painted themselves into a comer by ignoring the prospect of an Olympic stadium on cheaper, more accessible open space in Queens. New York can always use better sports facilities. But this is one city that
17、does not need the Summer Games to put itself on the map.（分数：20.00）(1).The efforts made by organizers of the NYC2012 include the following aspects EXCEPT that -|_|-.（分数：4.00）A.they put on an impressive all-around show of New YorkB.they presented the lasting value of Olympics to the host cityC.they pl
18、anned to provide better playgrounds and sports facilitiesD.they had their children sweep snow in the National Tennis Center(2).Which of the following conclusions can we draw from the passage?（分数：4.00）A.The athletes selected by the NYC2012 are all native New Yorkers.B.New York authority attaches more
19、 importance to sports than education.C.IOC“s evaluation committee plays a crucial role in the eventual result.D.The host city of Olympics can be provided financial support by the IOC.(3).Which of the following contains a different figure of speech from others?（分数：4.00）A.Lights blinking serenely, hig
20、hways and rivers flowing, bridges on guard like giant eagles.B.The organizers are putting on an impressive dog-and-pony show in New York.C.The organizers may have painted themselves into a comer by ignoring the prospect.D.But this is one city that does not need the Summer Games to put itself on the
21、map.(4).What“s the main purpose of citing athletes“ statements in the third paragraph?（分数：4.00）(5).What function does the Legacy Foundation organized by the NYC2012 people serve?（分数：4.00）The social organization of Egypt was distinguished by a surprising degree of fluidity. No inflexible caste system
22、 ever developed. All men were equal in the sight of the law. Although degrees of economic inequality naturally existed, no man“s status was unalterably fixed, unless he was a member of the royal family. Even serfs appear to have been capable of rising above their humble condition. Freemen quite regu
23、larly made the transition from one social order to another. During the greater part of the history of Egypt the population was divided into five classes: the royal family; the priests; the nobles; the middle class of scribes, merchants, artisans, and farmers; and the serfs. During the Empire a sixth
24、 class, the professional soldiers, was added, ranking immediately below the nobles. Thousands of slaves were captured in this period also, and these formed for a time a seventh class. The position of the various ranks of the society shifted from time to time. In the old kingdom the nobles and priest
25、s among all of the Pharaoh“s subjects held the supremacy. During the Middle Kingdom the classes of commoners came into their own. Scribes, merchants, artisans, and serfs rebelled against the nobles and wrested concessions from the government. Particularly impressive is the dominant role played by th
26、e merchants and industrialists in this period. The establishment of the Empire accompanied, as it was by the extension of government functions, resulted in the ascendancy of new nobility, made up primarily of bureaucrats. The priests also waxed in power with the growth of magic and superstition. The
27、 gulf that separated the standards of living of the upper and lower classes of Egypt was perhaps even wider than it is today in Europe and America. The wealthy noble lived in splendid villas that opened into fragrant gardens and shady groves. Their food had all the richness and variety of sundry kin
28、ds of meat, poultry, cakes, fruit, wine, beer, and sweets. They are from vessels of alabaster, gold, and silver, and adorned their persons with expensive fabrics and costly jewels. By contrast, the life of the poor was wretched indeed. The labors in the towns inhabited congested slums composed of mu
29、d-brick hovels with roofs of thatch. Their only furnishings were stools and boxes and a few crude pottery jars. The peasants on the great estates enjoyed a less crowded but no more abundant life. The basic social unit among the Egyptians was the monogamous family. No man, not even the Pharaoh, could
30、 have more than one lawful wife. Concubinage, however, was a socially reputable institution. Women occupied an unusually enviable status. Wives were not secluded, and there is no record of any divorce. Women could own and inherit property and engage in business. Almost along among Oriental peoples t
31、he Egyptians permitted women to succeed to the throne. Another extraordinary social practice was close inbreeding. The ruler as son of the great sun god was required to marry his sister or some other female of his immediate family lest the divine blood be contaminated. There is evidence that many of
32、 his subjects followed the identical custom. As yet, historians have been unable to discover any positive traces of racial degeneration produces by this practice, probably for the reason that the Egyptian stock was genetically sound to begin with. The educational system of this ancient people was ab
33、out what one would expect in a highly integrated society. Attached to the treasury were a number of public schools equipped for the training of the thousands of scribes whose service were necessary in the keeping of records and accounts and in the administration of government functions. Many of them
34、 were also employed in a private capacity by the owners of the landed estates and by the leaders of the business world. Admission to these schools was open to any promising youth regardless of class. Apparently instruction was provided free of charge by the government because of the vital need for t
35、rained men. None but thoroughly utilitarian subjects had any place in the curriculum; the purpose was not education in the broader sense, but practical training. In spite of their limitations, these schools did provide for the poor but talented youth an avenue of escape from a life of hopeless drudg
36、ery.（分数：20.00）(1).We can infer from the first paragraph all the following EXCEPT -|_|-.（分数：4.00）A.Egypt enjoyed flexible social systemB.every man enjoyed the same social statusC.man could change from one social order to anotherD.a flexible caste system was developed(2).Close inbreeding was popular i
37、n Egypt during the ancient time because -|_|-.（分数：4.00）A.they wanted to maintain their blood“s purityB.there was no other ideal choicesC.nobody knew the reasons by nowD.it was a law during that time(3).What is the best tire of this article?（分数：4.00）A.Ancient Egypt“s Educational System.B.Social Life
38、in Ancient Egypt.C.Social System in Ancient Egypt.D.Ancient Egypt“s Classes System.(4).In which position were farmers ranked during the Empire?（分数：4.00）(5).What is the role of the second paragraph in the development of the topic?（分数：4.00）How is communication actually achieved? It depends, of course,
39、 either on a common language or on known conventions, or at least on the beginnings of these. If the common language and the conventions exist, the contributor, for example, the creative artist, the performer, or the reporter, tries to use them as well as he can. But often, especially with original
40、artists and thinkers, the problem is in one way that of creating a language, or creating a convention, or at least of developing the language and conventions to the point where they are capable of beating his precise meaning. In literature, in music, in the visual arts, in the sciences, in social th
41、inking, in philosophy, this kind of development has occurred again and again. It often takes a long time to get through, and for many people it will remain difficult. But we need never think that it is impossible; creative energy is much more powerful than we sometimes suppose. While a man is engage
42、d in this struggle to say new things in new ways, he is usually more than ever concentrated on the actual work, and not on its possible audience. Many artists and scientists share this fundamental unconcern about the ways in which their work will be received. They may be glad if it is understood and
43、 appreciated, hurt if it is not, but while the work is being done there can be no argument. The thing has to come out as the man himself sees it. In this sense it is true that it is the duty of society to create conditions in which such men can live. For whatever the value of any individual contribu
44、tion, the general body of work is of immense value to everyone. But of course things are not so formal, in reality. There is not society on the one hand and these individuals on the other. In ordinary living, and in his work, the contributor shares in the life of his society, which often affects him
45、 both in minor ways and in ways sometimes so deep that he is not even aware of them. His ability to make his work public depends on the actual communication system: the language itself, or certain visual or musical or scientific conventions, and the institutions through which the communication will
46、be passed. The effect of these on his actual work can be almost infinitely variable. For it is not only a communication system outside him; it is also, however original he may be, a communication system which is in fact part of himself. Many contributors make active use of this kind of internal comm
47、unication system. It is to themselves, in a way, that they first show their conceptions, play their music, present their arguments. Not only as a way of getting these clear, in the process of almost endless testing that active composition involves. But also, whether consciously or not, as a way of p
48、utting the experience into a communicable form. If one mind has grasped it, then it may be open to other minds. In this deep sense, the society is in some ways already present in the act of composition. This is always very difficult to understand, but often, when we have the advantage of looking bac
49、k at a period, we can see, even if we cannot explain, how this was so. We can see how much even highly original individuals had in common, in their actual work, and in what is called their “structure of feeling“, with other individual workers of the time, and with the society of that time to which they belonged. The historian is also continually struck by the fact that men of this kind felt isolated at the very time when in reality they were beginning to get through. This can also be noticed in our own time, when some of the most deeply influent
