1、专业八级-476 及答案解析(总分：100.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、PART LISTENING COM(总题数：0，分数：0.00)二、SECTION A(总题数：1，分数：10.00)Conversational SkillsPeople who usually make us feel comfortable in conversations are good talkers. And they have something in common, i.e. skills to put people at ease.1. Skill to ask questions1) be aw
2、are of the human nature: readiness to answer others questions regardless of (1) 2) start a conversation with some personal but unharmful questionse.g. questions about ones (2) questions about ones activities in the (3) 3) be able to spot signals for further talk2. Skill to (4) for answers1) dont shi
3、ft from subject to subject- sticking to the same subject: (5) in conversation2) listen to (6) of voice- If people sound unenthusiastic, then change subject.3) use eyes and ears- steady your gaze while listening3. Skill to laughEffects of laughter:- (7) - help start (8) 4. Skill to part1) importance:
4、 open up possibilities for future friendship or contact2) ways:- men : a smile, a (9) - women: same as (10) now- how to express pleasure in meeting someone（分数：10.00）填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_三、SECTION B(总题数：1，分数：5.00)(1).The interviewees first job was with
5、（分数：1.00）A.a newspaper.B.the government.C.a construction firm.D.a private company.(2).The interviewee is not self-employed mainly because（分数：1.00）A.his wife likes him to work for a firm.B.he prefers working for the government.C.self-employed work is very demanding.D.self-employed work is sometimes i
6、nsecur(3).To study architecture in a university one must（分数：1.00）A.be interested in arts.B.study pure science first.C.get good exam results.D.be good at drawin(4).On the subject of drawing the interviewee says that（分数：1.00）A.technically speaking artists draw very well.B.an artists drawing differs li
7、ttle from an architects.C.precision is a vital skill for the architect.D.architects must be natural artists.(5).The interviewee says that the job of an architect is（分数：1.00）A.more theoretical than practical.B.to produce sturdy, well-designed buildings.C.more practical than theoretical.D.to produce a
8、ttractive, interesting buildings.四、SECTION C(总题数：2，分数：5.00)(1).The main function of the proposed Thorpe facility is to produce（分数：1.00）A.weapon-grade material.B.nuclear fuel.C.plutonium.D.spent fuel.(2).On the issue of plutonium, the US feels（分数：1.00）A.satisfied with the current civilian use of the
9、element.B.the destruction of nuclear arms surpasses civilian production.C.content to export its own spent nuclear fuel.D.the current levels of production should be decrease(1).Economic countries like Japan may face fuel shortage mainly because（分数：1.00）A.they cannot have sufficient oil production.B.t
10、hey dont have substantial oil production.C.India has tripled its oil consumption.D.India has dominated the oil import.(2).Asias oil needs（分数：1.00）A.are greater than its supply.B.are less than its supply.C.will not overtake North America within five years.D.will not overtake any other country in the
11、worl(3).Oil prices are likely to fluctuate because of（分数：1.00）A.the economic boom in many countries.B.the refusal of many countries to export oil.C.the embargo against Iraqi oil exports.D.competition among exporting countries.五、PART READING COMPR(总题数：0，分数：0.00)六、TEXT A(总题数：1，分数：5.00)Cooperative comp
12、etition. Competitive cooperation. Confused? Airline alliances have travellers scratching their heads over whats going on in the skies. Some folks view alliances as a blessing to travellers, offering seamless travel, reduced fares and enhanced frequent-flyer benefits. Others see a conspiracy of big b
13、usinesses, causing de- creased competition, increased fares and fewer choices. Whatever your opinion, theres no escaping airline alliances: the marketing hype is unrelenting, with each of the two mega-groupings, One world and Star Alliance, promoting itself as the best choice for all travellers. And
14、, even if you turn away from their ads, chances are they will figure in any of your travel plans. By the end of the year, One world and Star Alliance will between them control more than 40% of the traffic in the sky. Some pundits predict that figure will be more like 75% in 10 years.But why, after y
15、ears of often ferocious competition, have airlines decided to band together? Lets just say the timing is mutually convenient. North American airlines, having exhausted all means of earning customer loyalty at home, have been looking for ways to reach out to foreign flyers. Asian carriers are still h
16、urting from the region-wide economic downturn that began two years ago - just when some of the airlines were taking delivery of new aircraft. Alliances also allow carriers to cut costs and increase profits by pooling manpower resources on the ground (rather than each airline maintaining its own grou
17、nd crew) and code-sharing-the practice of two partners selling tickets and operating only one aircraft.So alliances are terrific for airlines-but are they good for the passenger? Absolutely, say the airlines: think of the lounges, the joint FFP (frequent flyer programme) benefits, the round-the-worl
18、d fares, and the global service networks. Then theres the promise of “seamless“ travel: the ability to, say, travel from Singapore to Rome to New York to Rio de Janiero, all on one ticket, without having to wait hours for connections or worry about your bags. Sounds utopian? Peter Buecking, Cathay P
19、acifics director of sales and marketing, thinks that seamless travel is still evolving. “Its fair to say that these links are only in their infancy. The key to seamlessness rests in infrastructure and information sharing. Were working on this.“ Henry Ma, spokesperson for Star Alliance in Hong Kong,
20、lists some of the other benefits for consumers : “Global travellers have an easier time making connections and planning their itineraries. “ Ma claims alliances also assure passengers consistent service standards.Critics of alliances say the much-touted benefits to the consumer are mostly pie in the
21、 sky, that alliances are all about reducing costs for the airlines, rationalizing services and running joint marketing programmes. Jeff Blyskal, associate editor of Consumer Reports magazine, says the promotional ballyhoo over alliances is much ado about nothing. “I dont see much of a gain for consu
22、mers: alliances are just a marketing gimmick. And as far as seamless travel goes, Ill believe it when I see it. Most airlines cant even get their own connections under control, let alone coordinate with another airline. “Blyskal believes alliances will ultimately result in decreased flight choices a
23、nd increased costs for consumers. Instead of two airlines competing and each operating a flight on the same route at 70% capacity, the allied pair will share the route and run one full flight. Since fewer seats will be available, passengers will be obliged to pay more for tickets.The truth about all
24、iances and their merits probably lies somewhere between the travel utopia presented by the players and the evil empires portrayed by their critics. And how much they affect you depends on what kind of traveller you are.Those whove already made the elite grade in the FFP of a major airline stand to b
25、enefit the most when it joins an alliance: then they enjoy the FFP perks and advantages on any and all of the member carriers. For example, if youre a Marco Polo Club “gold“ member of Cathay Pacifics Asia Miles FFP, you will automatically be treated as a valuable customer by all members of One world
26、, of which Cathay Pacific is a member even if youve never flown with them before.For those who havent made the top grade in any FFP, alliances might be a way of simplifying the earning of frequent flyer miles. For example, I belong to United Airlines Mile- age Plus and generally fly less than 25,000
27、 miles a year. But 1 earn miles with every flight l take on Star Alliance member-All Nippon Airways and Thai Airways.If you fly less than I do, you might be smarter to stay out of the FFP game altogether. Hunt for bargains when booking flights and you might be able to save enough to take that extra
28、trip anyway. The only real benefit infrequent flyers can draw from an alliance is an inexpensive round-the-world fare.The bottom line: for all the marketing hype, alliances arent all things to all people-but everybody can get some benefit out of them.（分数：5.00）(1).Which is the best word to describe a
29、ir travellers reaction to airline alliances?（分数：1.00）A.Delight.B.Indifference.C.Objection.D.Puzzlement.(2).According to the passage, setting up airline alliances will chiefly benefit（分数：1.00）A.North American airlines and their domestic travellers.B.North American airlines and their foreign counterpa
30、rts.C.Asian airlines and their foreign travellers.D.Asian airlines and their domestic travellers.(3).Which of the following is NOT a perceived advantage of alliances?（分数：1.00）A.Baggage allowance.B.Passenger comfort.C.Convenience.D.Quality.(4).One disadvantage of alliances foreseen by the critics is
31、that air travel may be more expensive as a result of（分数：1.00）A.less convenience.B.higher operation costs.C.less competition.D.more joint marketin(5).According to the passage, which of the following categories of travellers will gain most from airline alliances?（分数：1.00）A.Travellers who fly frequentl
32、y economy class.B.Travellers who fly frequently business class.C.Travellers who fly occasionally during holidays.D.Travellers who fly economy class once in a whil七、TEXT B(总题数：1，分数：5.00)Despite Denmarks manifest virtues, Danes never talk about how proud they are to be Danes. This would sound weird in
33、 Danish. When Danes talk to foreigners about Denmark, they always begin by commenting on its tininess, its unimportance, the difficulty of its language, the general small-mindedness and self-indulgence of their countrymen and the high taxes. No Dane would look you in the eye and say, “Denmark is a g
34、reat country.“ Youre supposed to figure this out for yourself.It is the land of the silk safety net, where almost half the national budget goes toward smoothing out lifes inequalities, and there is plenty of money for schools, day care, retraining programmes, job seminars - Danes love seminars: thre
35、e days at a study centre hearing about waste management is almost as good as a ski trip. It is a culture bombarded by English, in advertising, pop music, the Internet, and despite all the English that Danish absorbs there is no Danish Academy to defend against it-old dialects persist in Jutland that
36、 can barely be understood by Copenhageners. It is the land where, as the saying goes, “Few have too much and fewer have too little,“ and a foreigner is struck by the sweet egalitarianism that prevails, where the lowliest clerk gives you a level gaze, where Sir and Madame have disappeared from common
37、 usage, even Mr. and Mrs. Its a nation of recyclers-about 55% of Danish garbage gets made into something new- and no nuclear power plants. Its a nation of tireless planners. Trains run on time. Things operate well in general.Such a nation of overachievers-a brochure from the Ministry of Business and
38、 Industry says, “Denmark is one of the worlds cleanest and most organized countries, with virtually no pollution, crime, or poverty. Denmark is the most corruption-free society in the Northern Hemisphere.“ So, of course, ones heart lifts at any sighting of Danish sleaze: skinhead graffiti on buildin
39、gs (“Foreigners Out of Denmark!“), broken beer bottles in the gutters, drunken teenagers slumped in the park.Nonetheless, it is an orderly land. You drive through a Danish town, it comes to an end at a stone wall, and on the other side is a field of barley, a nice clean line: town here, country ther
40、e. It is not a nation of jaywalkers. People stand on the curb and wait for the red light to change, even if its 2 a.m. and theres not a car in sight. However, Danes dont think of themselves as a waiting-at-2-a.m.-for-the-green-light people thats how they see Swedes and Germans. Danes see themselves
41、as jazzy people, improvisers, more free spirited than Swedes, but the truth is (though one should not say it) that Danes are very much like Germans and Swedes. Orderliness is a main selling point. Denmark has few natural resources, limited manufacturing capability; its future in Europe will be as a
42、broker, banker, and distributor of goods. You send your goods by container ship to Copenhagen, and these bright, young, English-speaking, utterly honest, highly disciplined people will get your goods around to Scandinavia, the Baltic States, and Russia. Airports, seaports, highways, and rail lines a
43、re ultramodern and well-maintained.The orderliness of the society doesnt mean that Danish lives are less messy or lonely than yours or mine, and no Dane would tell you so. You can hear plenty about bitter family feuds and the sorrows of alcoholism and about perfectly sensible people who went off one
44、 day and killed themselves. An orderly society cannot exempt its members from the hazards of life.But there is a sense of entitlement and security that Danes grow up with. Certain things are yours by virtue of citizenship, and you shouldnt feel bad for taking what youre entitled to, youre as good as
45、 anyone else. The rules of the welfare system are clear to everyone, the benefits you get if you lose your job, the steps you take to get a new one; and the orderliness of the system makes it possible for the country to weather high unemployment and social unrest without a sense of crisis.（分数：5.00）(
46、1).The author thinks that Danes adopt a _ attitude towards their country.（分数：1.00）A.boastfulB.modestC.deprecatingD.mysterious(2).Which of the following is NOT a Danish characteristic cited in the passage?（分数：1.00）A.Fondness of foreign culture.B.Equality in society.C.Linguistic tolerance.D.Persistent
47、 plannin(3).The authors reaction to the statement by the Ministry of Business and Industry is（分数：1.00）A.disapproving.B.approving.C.noncommittal.D.doubtful.(4).According to the passage, Danish orderliness（分数：1.00）A.sets the people apart from Germans and Swedes.B.spares Danes social troubles besetting
48、 other peoples.C.is considered economically essential to the country.D.prevents Danes from acknowledging existing troubles.(5).At the end of the passage the author states all the following EXCEPT that（分数：1.00）A.Danes are clearly informed of their social benefits.B.Danes take for granted what is give
49、n to them.C.the open system helps to tide the country over.D.orderliness has alleviated unemployment.八、TEXT C(总题数：1，分数：5.00)For much of the world, the death of Richard Nixon was the end of a complex public life. But researchers who study bereavement wondered if it didnt also signify the end of a private grief. Had the former president merely run his allotted
