1、专业八级-499 及答案解析(总分：100.01，做题时间：90 分钟)一、READING COMPREHENSIO(总题数：8，分数：100.00)Nothing attracts me to a city as much as an exaggerated but pervasive generalization that discourages timid travelers, keeps prices down and lines short, and makes people like me very happy. But I“m an Italy novice, and this
2、was my first time in Naples. So while I love wandering and discovering rather than touring established sights, I wondered if I could skip the most famous pizzerias and churches in the world? Dispense with Pompeii? My solution is to do some must-sees, and some see-what-happens. When I stepped out of
3、the subway near Naples“s historic center it took about 10 seconds for me to fall in love. A soccer ball rolled past me with kids chasing after it; pedestrians gestured on street comers like overacting extras on a movie set; motorbikes zoomed by haphazardly; and drying laundry fluttered in the breeze
4、 from just about every ancient balcony. I love cities with no clothes dryers. Things got even better when I found I Fiori di Napoli, my 35 euro a night bed-and-breakfast, hidden away in a building without a street number, let alone a sign. Walking up marble steps to the third floor of this 18th-cent
5、ury building just off the narrow streets of the Spanish Quarter, I was greeted by Manuela Colosimo, one of the owners. Manuela, who spoke in Naples-seasoned but fluent English, would provide me with endless suggestions (and maps, and guidebooks, and strong coffee) over the week. Her first suggestion
6、: Trattoria Nennella, just two blocks away, where a two-course dinner with a bottle of wine, a bottle of water, a cup of cherries and shouting, dancing waiters cost me 12 euros. Manuela snatched my dirty clothes too, but rain would delay their return for several days. I decided to spend my first ful
7、l day wandering the historic center, shelling out 7 euros to see Giuseppe Sanmartino“s “Veiled Christ“ in the Cappella Sansevero Museum, an astonishing sculpture that even atheists (无神论者) might find divine. I tried the pizza at the famed Di Matteo and the Pizzaiolo del Presidente (named after Bill C
8、linton“s visit there). Both were finely executed in the best Neapolitan style, though crusts tended to be a bit soggy in the center if you ask me, and Di Matteo tried to tack an extra euro onto the bill, an annoying though possibly honest error. I also wandered into a barber shop in the Spanish Quar
9、ter to have my hair cut by a 73-year-old barber named Ciro, who had been working on his trade on the same comer for 50 years. That ran me 8 euros, and we chatted the whole time, which is impressive since he doesn“t know even the word “haircut“ in English. But Italians have ways of making themselves
10、understood. There was the old lady who I sat next to after taking one of the popular tours of the Greek and Roman. She told me stories of when her family sought refuge there during the war when she was 8. And the man who chatted me up as I wandered the narrow alleys of another residential neighborho
11、od; he directed me to a tiny, rustic-seeming restaurant named “A Cucina“e Mamm, with a 7 euro lunch special. All conversation stopped when I walked in, a sure sign that this was not a tourist joint. Mixing the well trodden and the less explored was a good strategy on my first venture outside Naples:
12、 I went to Pompeii, which lived up to its reputation as a tourist-thronged nightmare and where they had inexplicably run out of maps to accompany the audio tour I shelled out 6.50 euros for. But I also went to the much more manageable-sized, less-thronged and better-preserved Mount Vesuvius victim:
13、Herculaneum.（分数：9.00）(1).The following factors can most probably prompt the author to visit a place EXCEPT _.（分数：3.00）A.being adventurousB.being cost-effectiveC.being less tourist-throngedD.being full of modern flavor(2).Which of the following words in Paragraph Four implies “move at a high speed“?（
14、分数：3.00）A.“rolled“.B.“gestured“.C.“zoomed“.D.“fluttered“.(3).Which of the following statements can NOT be inferred from the passage?（分数：3.00）A.Naples is famous for its pizzerias and churches.B.The locals in Naples were quite hospitable.C.Price was an important consideration in the author“s trip.D.Th
15、e author himself is an atheist.When times are good, they are very, very good for consultants. But when they are bad, they are horrid. As the economy stalled in 2009, the global consulting industry shrank by 9.1%. It was the worst year since at least 1982, according to Kennedy Information, an industr
16、y monitor. Now the kids are back in the conference rooms. Companies that shelved plans during the recession are dusting them off and looking for help. And the work is more cheerful. When bosses did hire consultants in 2009, 87% of projects were aimed at cutting costs rather than boosting growth, say
17、s Kennedy. This year, just 47% of project spending will be on cutting costs. The rest will go on growth plans, from mergers to installing new computer systems. But not all will benefit equally. Consulting is a diverse industry. Best known are the elite strategy consultancies such as McKinsey but tod
18、ay there was only the faint edge of the odour because the wind had backed into the north and then dropped off and it was pleasant and sunny on the Terrace. “Santiago,“ the boy said. “Yes,“ the old man said. He was holding his glass and thinking of many years ago. “Can I go out to get sardines for yo
19、u for tomorrow?“ “No. Go and play baseball. I can still row and Rogelio will throw the net.“ “I would like to go. If I cannot fish with you. I would like to serve in some way.“ “You bought me a beer,“ the old man said. “You are already a man.“ “How old was I when you first took me in a boat?“ “Five
20、and you nearly were killed when I brought the fish in and he nearly tore the boat to pieces. Can you remember?“ “I can remember the tail slapping and banging and the thwart breaking and the noise of the clubbing. I can remember you throwing me into the how where the wet coiled lines were and feeling
21、 the whole boat shiver and the noise of you clubbing him like chopping a tree down and the sweet blood smell all over me.“ The old man looked at him with his sun-burned, confident loving eyes.（分数：11.01）(1).Which of the following statements can best summarize the main idea of the fourth paragraph?（分数
22、：3.67）A.The way people treated the old man and the fate of the fish caught by them.B.The introduction of the places where the fish were killed.C.The old man and the boy sat on the Terrace, drinking beer.D.The old man showed other fishermen how to kill the fish they caught,(2).Which of the following
23、sentences contains a simile?（分数：3.67）A.“The sail was patched with flour sacks and, furled, it looked like the flag of permanent defeat.“ (1st paragraph)B.“Everything about him was old except his eyes and they were the same color as the sea and were cheerful and undefeated.“ (2nd paragraph)C.“I can r
24、emember you throwing me into the bow where the wet coiled lines were.“ (5th paragraph)D.“The old man was thin and gaunt with deep wrinkles in the back of his neck.“ (2nd paragraph)(3).The following words said by the boy show his love for the old man EXCEPT _.（分数：3.67）A.“It was papa made me leave. I
25、am a boy and I must obey him“ (3rd paragraph)B.“Can I offer you a beer on the Terrace and then we“ll take the stuff home“ (3rd paragraph)C.“I can remember the tail slapping and banging and the thwart breaking and the noise of the clubbing“ (5th paragraph)D.“If I cannot fish with you. I would like to
26、 serve in some way“ (5th paragraph)There are obvious differences, of course. Lady Gaga“s raw-meat dress would probably not have appealed to Mother Teresa of Calcutta. The pop star“s habit of changing from one bizarre costume to another several times a day, and maybe 20 times, might have struck the l
27、ate nun as extravagant. Mother Teresa wore the same outfit every day: a white sari (印度纱丽) with three blue stripes, reflecting her vows of poverty, chastity and obedience. Lady Gaga, by contrast, is not big on chastity. Yet the differences between the two women may matter less than their similarities
28、. Both are venerated. Mother Teresa built her Missionaries of Charity from nothing into a global operation with fingers in over 100 countries. Lady Gaga is forecast to earn over $100m this year and may soon top super groups like U2. Both women are also role models for corporate leaders, according to
29、 two recent publications, “Mother Teresa, CEO“, a book by two executives, Ruma Bose and Lou Faust, and “Lady Gaga: Born This Way?“, a case study by Jamie Anderson and J （分数：16.00）(1).The following statements are differences between Mother Teresa and Lady Gaga EXCEPT _.（分数：4.00）A.Mother Teresa wore c
30、onservative clothes, while Lady Gaga wears weird onesB.Lady Gaga changes clothes frequently, while Mother Teresa didn“tC.Mother Teresa pledged to be pure, while Lady Gaga doesn“tD.Lady Gaga has made a large fortune, while Mother Teresa didn“t(2).Which of the following ideas may NOT be supported by L
31、ady Gaga?（分数：4.00）A.Freaks at school may be creative.B.Same-sex marriage should be legalized.C.People should be encouraged to show their own opinions.D.Artists should be tricky.(3).According to Anderson, Kupp and Reckhenrich, how does Lady Gaga project leadership?（分数：4.00）A.By changing appearances f
32、requently.B.By using a simple, pronounceable name.C.By communicating on the Internet.D.By calling for her fans striving together.(4).What is the tone of the passage?（分数：4.00）A.Persuasive.B.Instructive.C.Objective.D.Humorous.In September 1919, the year after the end of World War , a German captain na
33、med Karl Mayr, who ran a propaganda unit in charge of educating demobilized soldiers in nationalism and scapegoating, received an inquiry from a soldier named Adolf Gemlich about the army“s position on “the Jewish question.“ Mayr asked a young subordinate named Adolf Hitler to answer. The resulting
34、Gemlich letter, as it is known to historians, is believed to be the first record of Hitler“s anti-Semitic beliefs and has been an important document in Holocaust studies for decades. This week, Rabbi Marvin Hier, the founder and dean of the Simon Wiesenthal Center, announced that the center has obta
35、ined the original, signed letter, which had never been publicly displayed. At the letter“s public unveiling in New York City, Hier explained its tortuous journey from Hitler“s own hand to its eventual home at the center“s Museum of Tolerance in Los Angeles. In April 1945, an American GI named Willia
36、m Ziegler found the letter scattered among other documents in Nuremberg, Germany. Ziegler took the letter home and sold it to a private collector. In 1988, the Wiesenthal Center had the opportunity to buy the letter but was skeptical about whether Hitler could have afforded a typewriter. “He was a n
37、obody; he couldn“t afford anything,“ Hier said at the letter“s unveiling. “A typewriter is like today having somebody who can“t afford his meals and he“s waving the latest Apple computer in front of you.“ By the time the center could verify that Hitler had used a German army typewriter, the letter h
38、ad been sold to another private collector. In 1990, handwriting expert Charles Hamilton Jr., who gained fame for exposing fake Hitler diaries in 1983, authenticated Hitler“s signature on the Gemlich letter. When the Wiesenthal Center again had an opportunity to purchase the letter this year, it paid
39、 $150,000 to make the letter part of its collection. “We do not want to make a market for memorabilia (收藏品), but this document does not belong in private hands,“ Hier said. “It has too much to say to history. It belongs in public hands, and it has found its home at the Museum of Tolerance.“ Few have
40、 questioned the importance of the Gemlich letter in understanding Hitler and the Holocaust. It not only provides a look into his beliefs, but reveals early ideas of how he would attempt the systematic extermination of the Jews. “Anti-Semitismborn of purely emotional groundswill find an expression in
41、 the form of slaughter,“ Hitler wrote, according to a translation provided by the Wiesenthal Center. “The final goal must be the removal of the Jews. To accomplish these goals, only a government of national power is capable and never a government of national weakness.“ Hier highlighted these sentenc
42、es as being the most important in the letter. Yet the purchase of such a document, especially at such a high price, has raised questions among historians. “This is not the Magna Carta,“ says Michael Marrus, the Chancellor Rose and Ray Wolfe Professor Emeritus of Holocaust Studies at the University o
43、f Toronto. “I doubt very strongly that, given everything else we know, the Gemlich letter will change historians“ views about Hitler, or that it will be seen as pushing back Hitler“s genocidal ambitions to a very early date.“ Another concern with the purchase is that such transactions, not by privat
44、e collectors but by a human-rights organization like the Wiesenthal Center, could have unintended consequence. “What you don“t want to happen is for mysteriousness to grow around these documents,“ Marrus says. The letter will be on permanent display at the entrance to the Museum of Tolerance“s Holoc
45、aust section, where visitors can view translations and see Hitler“s signature on the document for themselves. “Five million people have visited the Museum of Tolerance,“ Hier said. “Ninety-five percent of the visitors are non-Jews. So we don“t only educate the Jewish community that knows about the H
46、olocaust, but we educate the larger world. That“s where the document belongs.“（分数：12.00）(1).The Simon Wiesenthal Center bought the Gemlich letter for the following reasons EXCEPT _.（分数：4.00）A.the letter is the first document to show Hitler“s hatred for Jews.B.the letter is valuable for knowing about
47、 Holocaust.C.the Wiesenthal Center wants to display it to the public.D.the Wiesenthal Center wants to raise mysteriousness around the letter.(2).The italicized word “authenticated“ in the 4th Paragraph means _.（分数：4.00）A.identified sth. to be fakeB.proved sth. to be realC.verified sth. to be validD.
48、claimed sth. to be natural(3).Which of the following statements best summarizes the main idea of Paragraph Six?（分数：4.00）A.How the letter could be used to understand Hitler“s thoughts.B.The letter will not change historians“ views about Hitler.C.The importance of the letter and the doubts about the C
49、enter“s purchase.D.The purchase of the letter will make it more mysterious.Nortel Networks, the defunct Canadian telecommunications equipment maker, says it has agreed to sell more than 6,000 patent assets to an alliance made up of Apple, Microsoft and other technology giants for $4.5 billion in cash. The group of companies, which also includes Research in Motion, Sony, Ericsson and EMC, beat out Google and Intel for the patents and patent applications that Nortel had accumulated when it was still one of the largest telecommunications equipment makers in North Amer
