1、专业八级-542 及答案解析(总分：100.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、PART LISTENING COM(总题数：0，分数：0.00)二、SECTION A(总题数：1，分数：10.00)填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_三、SECTION B(总题数：1，分数：5.00)(1).Simon Fanshawe presents different peoples opinions on British manners because（分数：1.00）A.he wants to le
2、t the audience know how people think of mannersB.he proves that the issue of manners is a question of individual tasteC.he thinks how people think of social manners should be diversifiedD.he hopes to bring the attention of the audience to the public opinion(2).According to Simon, what is the truth c
3、oncerning numerous rules of dos and donts?（分数：1.00）A.They indicate class and status.B.They are trip-wires for everybody.C.They should be known by all.D.They are complicated and dull.(3).According to Simon, which of the following is NOT the purpose in keeping table manners?（分数：1.00）A.To share food.B.
4、To reduce violence.C.To bring about comfort.D.To show off cultivation.(4).According to Simon, what is the influence of bad manners on people?（分数：1.00）A.People do not feel a big deal.B.People feel rather humiliated.C.People feel shocked and hurt.D.People feel angry and exasperate(5).According to Simo
5、n, when anybody is to stay in any other culture, he should do the following EXCEPT_.（分数：1.00）A.make clear all the detailed customsB.be curious and asking questionsC.remember the fundamentalsD.seek ways to defuse conflict四、SECTION C(总题数：3，分数：5.00)Questions 9 and 10 are based on the following news. At
6、 the end of the news item, you will be given 20 seconds to answer the questions.Now listen to the news.（分数：2.00）(1).The study in the journal Psychological Science suggests_.（分数：1.00）A.ones emotions can influence ones facial expressionsB.the frown-free people will never feel sad or angryC.ones facial
7、 expressions can influence ones emotionsD.people can control emotions by frowning more often(2).In the experiment, the subjects were asked to read the following statements concerning all EXCEPT_.（分数：1.00）A.going to DisneyB.losing a big fortuneC.enduring pushy telemarketersD.lacking birthday wishes1.
8、Question 6 is based on the following news. At the end of the news item, you will be given 10 seconds to answer the question.Now listen to the news.Members of the international community urge the Sri Lankan government_.（分数：1.00）A.to realize national reconciliationB.to fight with Tamil Tiger rebelsC.t
9、o develop national economyD.to enhance national securityQuestions 7 and 8 are based on the following news. At the end of the news item, you will be given 20 seconds to answer the questions.Now listen to the news.（分数：2.00）(1).What is the main purpose of the health care reform in the U. S.?（分数：1.00）A.
10、To eliminate Americans medical cost.B.To offer a government option of health insurance.C.To reduce the profit gained by private insurers.D.To help Democrats win advantage over Republicans.(2).What can be inferred from what House Speaker Nancy Pelosi said?（分数：1.00）A.The healthcare reform has realized
11、 the final accomplishments.B.President Obama praised progress on the healthcare issue.C.All the Americans will be happy about the healthcare reform.D.Americans have been dominated by the health insurance industry.五、PART READING COMPR(总题数：0，分数：0.00)六、TEXT A(总题数：1，分数：5.00)For many years it was common
12、in the United States to associate Chinese Americans with restaurants and laundries. People did not realize that the Chinese had been driven into these occupations.The first Chinese to reach the United States came during the California Gold Rush of 1849. Like most of the other people there, they had
13、come to search for gold. In that largely unoccupied land, the men staked a claim for themselves by placing marks in the ground. However, either because the Chinese were so different from the others or because they worked so patiently that they sometimes succeeded in turning a seemingly worthless min
14、ing claim into a profitable one, they became the scapegoats of their envious competitor. They were harassed in many ways. Often they were prevented from working their claims; some localities even passed regulations forbidding them to own claims. The Chinese, therefore, started to seek out other ways
15、 of earning a living. Some of them began to do the laundry for the white miners; others set up small restaurants. (There were almost no women in California in those days, and the Chinese filled a real need by doing this “womans work“.) Some went to work as farmhands or as fishermen.In the early 1860
16、s many more Chinese arrived in California. This time the men were imported as work crews to construct the first transcontinental railroad. They were sorely needed because the work was so strenuous and dangerous, and it was carried on in such a remote part of the country that the railroad company cou
17、ld not find other labourers for the job. As in the case of their predecessors, these Chinese were almost all males; and like them, too, they encountered a great deal of prejudice. The hostility grew especially strong after the railroad project was complete, and the imported labourers returned to Cal
18、iforniathousands of them, all out of work. Because there were so many more of them this time, these Chinese drew even more attention than the earlier group did. They were so very different in every respect: in their physical appearance, including a long “pigtail“ at the back of their otherwise shave
19、d heads; in the strange, non-Western clothes they wore; in their speech (few had learned English since they planned to go back to China); and in their religion. They were contemptuously called “heathen Chinese“ because there were many sacred images in their houses of worship.When times were hard, th
20、ey were blamed for working for lower wages and taking jobs away from white men, who were in many cases recent immigrants themselves. Anti-Chinese riots broke out in several cities, culminating in arson and bloodshed. Chinese were barred from using the courts and also from becoming American citizens.
21、 Californias began to demand that no more Chinese be permitted to enter their state. Finally, in 1882, they persuaded Congress to pass the Chinese Exclusion Act, which stopped the immigration of Chinese labourers. Many Chinese returned to their homeland, and their numbers declined sharply in the ear
22、ly part of this century. However, during the World War , when China was an ally of the United States, the exclusion laws were ended; a small number of Chinese were allowed to immigrate each year, and the Chinese could become American citizens. In 1965, in a general revision of our immigration laws,
23、many more Chinese were permitted to settle here, as discrimination against Asian immigration was abolished.Chinese Americans retain many aspects of their ancient culture, even after having lived here for several generations. For example, their family ties continue to be remarkably strong (encompassi
24、ng grandparents, uncles, aunts, cousins and others). Members of the family lend each other moral support and also practical help when necessary. From a very young age children are imbued with the old values and attitudes, including respect for their elders and a feeling of responsibility to the fami
25、ly. This helps to explain why there is so little juvenile delinquency among them.The high regard for education which is deeply embedded in Chinese culture, and the willingness to work very hard to gain advancement, are other noteworthy characteristics of theirs. This explains why so many descendants
26、 of uneducated labourer have succeeded in becoming doctors, lawyers, and other professionals. (Many of the most outstanding Chinese American scholars, scientists, and artists are more recent arrivals, who come from Chinas former upper class and who represent its high cultural traditions. )（分数：5.00）(
27、1).Why would so many Chinese Americans in California be involved in the occupations of restaurants and laundries in the 19th century?（分数：1.00）A.Because they were good at these jobs.B.Because there were few women to do those jobs at that time.C.Because of the prejudice and discrimination against the
28、Chinese, they had no other choices.D.Because they could not find gold in mines.(2).Whats the meaning of the italicized word “heathen“ in Paragraph 3 according to the passage?（分数：1.00）A.It means something or somebody that is sacred.B.It means a person who cant bear heat.C.It means a person who does n
29、ot believe in any of the worlds chief religions.D.It means a person who is superstitious.(3).Which of the following statements about Chinese immigrants in America is NOT TRUE?（分数：1.00）A.Before 1880s, Chinese people were allowed to come to the United States but they were denied the right of becoming
30、American citizens.B.From 1882 to 1965 no Chinese were permitted to come to United States because of the Chinese Exclusion Act.C.The general revision of American immigration laws which allow more Chinese to settle in US was the outcome of World War .D.During the World War , Chinese were allowed to im
31、migrate again, but the number was controlle(4).Which can explain the low rate of juvenile delinquency among Chinese children?（分数：1.00）A.Members of the family lend practical help when necessary, so its not necessary for children to break the law.B.Chinese children are introverted and their personalit
32、y prevent them from breaking the law.C.Chinese parents are particularly strict in cultivating their children, which leads to the low rate of juvenile delinquency.D.Chinese families regard the traditional values and attitudes highly, which teach children to be responsibl(5).Which of the following Chi
33、nese characteristics is NOT mentioned in the passage?（分数：1.00）A.Patience.B.Willingness to work hard.C.Sense of responsibility.D.Modesty.七、TEXT B(总题数：1，分数：5.00)The concern throughout the world in 1988 for those three whales that were locked in the Arctic ice was dramatic proof that whales, several sp
34、ecies of which face extinction, have become subjects of considerable sympathy.These are the recorded voices of whales. These monstrous creatures have been trumpeting their songs, one to another, in the worlds oceans since the dawn of time, while overhead, great empires and civilizations have come an
35、d gone. Now, their time of decline has come. It began a long time ago.Four-thousand-year-old rock carvings show that the people who lived in what is now Norway were probably the first to seek out and kill whales in the sea. By around 890 AD, 3,000 years later, the practice had spread to the Basque p
36、eople of France and Spain, who hunted whales from boats in the Bay of Biscay. In the centuries that followed, whaling became an important industry in Denmark, England, Germany, the Netherlands, and, finally, in what would become America.Whaling went into dramatic decline, beginning around 1900. Toda
37、y, whales are hunted commercially only by Norway, Iceland and Japan. The worlds fascination with them, however, is at an all-time high, because so few of them are left, given their tragic history.Richard Ellis writes about whales, takes pictures of whales in the open sea, and sketches whales strande
38、d on the beach. He says its a 20-year obsession that began in the mid-1960s, when he designed a model of a great blue for the Museum of Natural History in New York.“As I began to do the research. I realized that nobody knew anything about whales. And I couldnt really find any pictures of what they l
39、ooked like: all I could find was pictures of dead whales. And I became very excited at the prospect of doing what seemed to be original research on something that was so peculiar, which was the largest animal that has ever lived on earth. “So large, he discovered, that the largest dinosaur weighed o
40、nly half as much as the female blue whale. As he continued his research he boarded scientific vessels. Dove with whales in the Pacific, and even watched whales die at the hands of modern, explosive-tipped harpoons. His sketches appeared in magazines and encyclopedias and at the center of what was th
41、en the beginning of a movement to save the whales.“I was one of those people who used to stand on street corners and ask for people to sign petitions, which at that time were directed towards the Japanese and the Soviets. Because in that period of timelate 60s, early 70sthe Japanese and the Soviets
42、were killing tens of thousands of sperm particularly in the North Pacific. And we thought that getting the worlds opinion on paper would make them say, Oh look, all these people dont like what we are doing. We will stop. Well, of course, they didnt stop. “Not at first, commercial whaling peaked in t
43、he mid-1960s, with more than 60,000 whales killed each year. The International Whaling Commission, a group of member nations aimed at regulating the industry, began to make recommendations to end commercial whaling entirely. Why kill whales for soap, or fuel or paints and vernishes, even margarine,
44、if we had substitutes for all those products? The seemingly senseless slaughter focused the worlds attention on the whale and consequently the International Whaling Commission or IWC.“And since its said nowhere in the constitution of the IWC that you had to be whaling nation to join, you have countr
45、ies like Kenya and the Seychelles. Switzerland is a member of the IWC, a country not known for its whaling history. Countries joined because they felt that this was something that needed to be done. “By 1986, the Commission had passed a moratorium on commercial whaling. But since the organization ha
46、d no enforcement powers, it could and can not impose sanctions on violators. Only a few nationsJapan, Iceland and Norwaycontinue to hunt whales commercially.Richard Ellis says there is something magical about this animal caught in the net of life and time and we must continue to fight to preserve it
47、, because in the end we are really protecting a small part of ourselves and our earth.（分数：5.00）(1).According to the passage, which country has the longest history of whaling?（分数：1.00）A.Danmark.B.Norway.C.Netherlands.D.Icelan(2).Which of the following words can best replace the word “obsession“ in Pa
48、ragraph 5?（分数：1.00）A.enchantmentB.avocationC.fascinationD.rapturousness(3).We can learn all the following information about whales from the passage EXCEPT_.（分数：1.00）A.some of them are so large, even larger than dinosaursB.they have lived on the earth much longer than human beingsC.we didnt have a pi
49、cture of a living whale until mid-1960sD.they went into decline around 1900(4).Which statement is the true description about IWC?（分数：1.00）A.The purpose of the foundation of IWC is to protect whales from being killed.B.All the members of IWC have a history of whaling.C.IWC decided to stop commercial whaling in the mid-1960s.D.IWC has no right to exert any punishment
