1、专业八级-655 及答案解析(总分：100.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、PART LISTENING COM(总题数：0，分数：0.00)二、SECTION A(总题数：1，分数：10.00)Three Main Literary Forms. Poetry Essential features: form and music evoking (1) creating a(n) (2) imagination leading to new (3) , new feelings and experience . Fiction A. Short story definition: a rel
2、atively brief (4) subject matter: single incidents in daily life essential features: (5) , unity and (6) B. Novel One important technique: (7) Three methods: explicit presentation through (8) presentation of character in (9) presentation from within a character . Drama Origin: ancient Greek festival
3、 activities Structures of a play exposition rising action (10) falling action ending New styles and forms（分数：10.00）填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_三、SECTION B(总题数：1，分数：5.00)(1).Before * set up his pizza delivery service, he（分数：1.00）A.tested samples on potential
4、clients.B.handed out product questionnaires.C.assessed demand in different areas.D.trained staff for a few months.(2).According to *, the Spanish fast food business（分数：1.00）A.is different from that of the U.S.B.has slowed slightly in its rate of growth.C.employs an increasing number of women.D.is ex
5、periencing a hard time.(3).* wants his trainee managers to（分数：1.00）A.develop a competitive attitude.B.try out some of the shop-floor jobs.C.spend some time working abroad.D.own an excellent academic records.(4).* left the first company he worked for because it（分数：1.00）A.set the staff impossible targ
6、ets.B.offered insufficient financial rewards.C.provided inadequate support.D.offered staff few promotion opportunities.(5).What does * plan to do in the future?（分数：1.00）A.Develop a chain of restaurants.B.Set up a franchise operation.C.Expand into the frozen food market.D.Open more branches abroad.四、
7、SECTION C(总题数：3，分数：5.00)Questions 9 and 10 are based on the following news. （分数：2.00）(1).How many students were killed in the gunshot?（分数：1.00）A.At least 8.B.More than 30.C.At least 120.D.Not mentioned.(2).Which of the following was NOT true according to the news?（分数：1.00）A.Israel is optimistic abou
8、t U.S. -sponsored peace talks.B.The UN Security Council did not agree on a presidential statement condemning the Jerusalem attack.C.Spokesman of Israeli Foreign Ministry. said Israel would not tolerate terrorism.D.Witness said the gunman committed suicide after the killing.1.Question 6 is based on t
9、he following news.Who have taken part in discussions with the governor of Brazil Central Bank?（分数：1.00）A.Some representatives of the United States.B.The leaders of the countries which lent Brazil money.C.Representatives of the worlds important commercial banks.D.Representatives of those countries wh
10、ich have to pay huge foreign debts.Ouestions 7 and 8 are based on the following news. （分数：2.00）(1).The price drop of crude oil is beneficial in that it（分数：1.00）A.helps to revitalize the world economy.B.promotes oil export to other nations.C.helps to push up the regional economy.D.provides an opportu
11、nity to the oil exporters.(2).From the news, we can infer that those economic managers in Washington _ the recent state of crude markets.（分数：1.00）A.are pessimistic aboutB.are indifferent toC.have underestimatedD.are in favor of五、PART READING COMPR(总题数：0，分数：0.00)六、TEXT A(总题数：1，分数：5.00)A full moon was
12、 shining down on the jungle. Accompanied only by an Indian guide, the American explorer and archaeologist Edward Herbert Thompsonthirteen hundred years after the Mayas had left their cities and made a break for the country farther northwas riding through the New Empire that they had built for themse
13、lves, which had collapsed after the arrival of the Spaniards. He was searching for Chichen Itza, the largest, most beautiful, mightiest, and most splendid of all Mayan cities. Horses and men had been suffering intense hardships on the trail. Thompsons head sagged on his breast from fatigue, and each
14、 time his horse stumbled him all but fell out of the saddle. Suddenly his guide shouted to him. Thompson woke up with a start. He looked ahead and saw a fairland. Above the dark treetops rose a mound, high and steep, and on top of the mound was a temple, bathed in coot moonlight. In the hush of the
15、night it towered over the treetops like the Parthenon of some Mayan acropolis. It seemed to grow in size as they approached. The Indian guide dismounted, unsaddled his horse, and roiled out his blanket for the nights sleep. Thompson could not tear his fascinated gaze from the great structure. While
16、the guide prepared iris bed, he sprang from his horse and continued on toot. Steep stairs overgrown with grass and bushes, and in part fallen into ruins, led from the base of the mound up to the temple. Thompson was acquainted with this architectural form, which was piously some kind of pyramid. He
17、was familiar, too, with the function of pyramids as known in Egypt. But this Mayan version was not a tomb, like the pyramids of Gizeh. Externally it rather brought to mind a ziggurat, but to a much greater degree than the Babylonian ziggurats it seemed to consist mostly of a stony fill providing sup
18、port or the enormous stairs rising higher and higher, towards the gods of the sun and moon. Thompson climbed up the steps. He looked at the ornamentation, the rich reliefs. On too, ghnost 96 feet above the jungle, he surveyed the scene, he counted one-two-threea half dozen scattered buildings, half-
19、hidden in shadow, often revealed by nothing more than a gleam of moonlight on stone. This, then, was Chichen Itza. From its original status as advance outpost at the beginning of the great trek to the north, it had grown into a shining metropolis, the heart of the New Empire. Again and again during
20、the next few days Thompson climbed on to the old ruins. “I stood upon the roof of this temple one morning“, he writes, “just as the first rays of the sun reddened the distant horizon. The morning stillness was profound. The noises of the night had ceased, and those of the day were not yet begun. All
21、 the sky above and the earth below seemed to be breathlessly waiting for something. Then the great round sun came up, flaming splendidly, and instantly the whole world sang and hummed. The birds in the trees and the insects on the ground sang a grand Te Deum. Nature herself taught primal man to be a
22、 sun-worshipper and man in his heart of hearts still follows the ancient teaching. “ Thompson stood where he was, immobile and enchanted. The jungle melted away before his gaze. Wide spaces opened up, processions crept up to the temple site, music sounded, palaces became filled with reveling, the te
23、mples hummed with religious adjuration. He tried to recognize his task. For out there in the jungle green he could distinguish a narrow path, barely traced out in the weak light, a path that might lead to Chichen hzas most exciting mystery: the Sacred Well.（分数：5.00）(1).The territory which Thompson w
24、as exploring had been _ by the Mayas about thirteen hundred years previously.（分数：1.00）A.controlled and reformedB.conquered and abandonedC.occupied and developedD.defeated and destroyed(2).What was Thompsons first reaction to the scene ahead?（分数：1.00）A.He remained in the saddle for several minutes sp
25、ellbound.B.He immediately jumped down and went forward.C.He waited until his bed was ready and then dismounted.D.He rode to the mound and stared at the structure before him.(3).According to the author, what is the first impression of the various ruins?（分数：1.00）A.They formed part of the capital of a
26、new Mayan kingdom.B.They were what remained of a temple to sky gods.C.They were what was left of the new territory.D.They were what remained of the farthest city.(4).Thompson believed that man is instinctively a sun-worshipper because（分数：1.00）A.the worship of the sun god had clearly been the functio
27、n of the temple.B.all living things celebrate the sunrise.C.the sunrise is the most magnificent of all phenomena.D.it is natural for man to worship the sun and he has always done so.(5).Thompsons attitude towards Chichen Itza can be described as（分数：1.00）A.yearning.B.incredible.C.mysterious.D.emotion
28、al.七、TEXT B(总题数：1，分数：5.00)While no woman has been President of the United States, yet the world does have several thousand years of experience with female leaders, and I have to acknowledge it: their historical record puts mens to shame. A notable share of the great leaders in history have been wome
29、n: Queen Hatshepsut and Cleopatra of Egypt, Empress Wu Zetian of China, Isabella of Castile, Queen Elizabeth I of England, Catherine the Great of Russia, and Maria Theresa of Austria. Granted, Im neglecting the likes of Bloody Mary, but its still true that those women who climbed to power in monarch
30、ies had an astonishingly high success rate. Research by political psychologists points to possible explanations. Scholars find that women, compared with men, tend to excel in consensus-building and certain other skills useful in leadership. If so, why have female political leaders been so much less
31、impressive in the democratic era? Margaret Thatcher was a transformative figure, but women have been mediocre prime ministers or presidents in countries like Sri Lanka, India, Bangladesh, Pakistan, the Philippines and Indonesia. Often, they havent even addressed the urgent needs of women in those co
32、untries. I have a pet theory about whats going on. In monarchies, women who rose to the top dealt mostly with a narrow elite, so they could prove themselves and get on with governing. But in democracies in the television age, female leaders also have to navigate public prejudicesand these make democ
33、ratic politics far more challenging for a woman than for a man. In a common experiment, the “Goldberg paradigm“, people are asked to evaluate a particular article or speech, supposedly by a man. Others are asked to evaluate the identical presentation, but from a woman. Typically, in countries all ov
34、er the world, the very same words are rated higher coming from a man. In particular, one lesson from this research is that promoting their own successes is a helpful strategy for ambitious men. But experiments have demonstrated that when women highlight their accomplishments, thats a turn-off. And w
35、omen seem even more offended by self-promoting females than men are. This creates a huge challenge for ambitious women in politics or business: if theyre self-effacing, people find them unimpressive, but if“ they talk up their accomplishments, they come across as pushy braggarts. The broader conundr
36、um is that for women, but not for men, there is a tradeoff in qualities associated with top leadership. A woman can be perceived as competent or as likable, but not both. “Its an uphill struggle, to be judged both a good woman and a good leader,“ said Rosabeth Moss Kanter, a Harvard Business School
37、professor who is an expert on women in leadership. Professor Kanter added that a pioneer in a mans word, like Hillary Rodham Clinton, also faces scrutiny on many more dimensions than a manwitness the public debate about Mrs. Clintons allegedly “thick ankles,“or the headlines last year about cleavage
38、. Clothing and appearance generally matter more for women than for men, research shows. Surprisingly, several studies have found that its actually a disadvantage for a woman to be physically attractive when applying for a managerial job. Beautiful applicants received lower ratings, apparently becaus
39、e they were subconsciously pegged as stereotypically female and therefore unsuited for a job as a boss. Female leaders face these impossible judgments all over the world. An M. I. T. economist, Esther Duflo, looked at India, which has required female leaders in one-third of village councils since th
40、e mid-1990s. Professor Duflo and her colleagues found that by objective standards, the women ran the villages better than men. For example, women constructed and maintained wells better, and took fewer bribes. Yet ordinary villagers themselves judged the women as having done a worse job, and so most
41、 women were not re-elected. That seemed to result from prejudice. Professor Duflo asked villagers to listen to a speech, identical except that it was given by a man in some cases and by a woman in others. Villagers gave the speech much lower marks when it was given by a woman. Such prejudices can be
42、 overridden after voters actually see female leaders in action. While the first ones received dismal evaluations, the second round of female leaders in the villages were rated the same as men. “Exposure reduces prejudice,“ Professor Duflo suggested. Women have often quipped that they have to be twic
43、e as good as men to get anywherebut that, fortunately, is not difficult. In fact, it appears that it may be difficult after all. Modern democracies may empower deep prejudices and thus constrain female leaders in ways that ancient monarchies did not.（分数：5.00）(1).What does the author mean by “Their h
44、istorical record puts mens to shame“?（分数：1.00）A.Women have had a better record than men throughout history.B.Women have far exceeded men in leadership throughout history.C.Women have made men ashamed of their own historical record.D.Women have far exceeded men in recording experience throughout hist
45、ory.(2).The second paragraph（分数：1.00）A.contradicts the first paragraph.B.has no connection with the first paragraph.C.exemplifies the idea of the first paragraph.D.repeats the argument of the first paragraph.(3).Women are in a less advantageous position in politics in the democratic era in the follo
46、wing cases EXCEPT（分数：1.00）A.women are in a dilemma when coping with a narrow elite.B.the same words from women are rated lower than those from men.C.people tend to be more offended by womens self-promotion.D.a boss may judge a physically attractive woman unfit for a job.(4).It can be inferred from t
47、he passage that prejudice against female leaders（分数：1.00）A.is impossible to be eliminated among the general public.B.can be eliminated when objective standards are given.C.can be overcome when people have knowledge of their real accomplishments.D.is the only reason why female leaders are less impres
48、sive in democratic era.(5).The author take a/an _ attitude to female leaders attempt in modern democracies.（分数：1.00）A.confidentB.pessimisticC.indifferentD.hopeful八、TEXT C(总题数：1，分数：5.00)Until recently, the Louvre, Frances iconic museum wouldnt have dreamed of rolling out the red carpet for internatio
49、nal partygoers, however rich, avowing food and drink to be served in a gallery. Fund raisers may be standard practice at American museums, but then no American museum is like the Louvre which has served as the state-funded bastion of high culture in France for much of its 800-year history. A succession of French Kings built their art collections there
