1、专业八级-1014 及答案解析(总分：102.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、PART LISTENING COM(总题数：0，分数：0.00)二、SECTION A(总题数：1，分数：10.00)The Importance of QuestionsFor non-native speakers of English who want to participate ingroup discussions, it is important to be able to ask questions in order toresolve their difficulties. Causes of B
2、reakdowns in (1) (1) _1. On students part insufficient command over the (2) of English (2) _ poor pronunciation2. On teachers part uncertainty of whether his student has asked a question the students (3) to employ the correct question form (3) _ the teacher interprets the question as a comment diffi
3、culties arising even when the student employs an/a (4) (4) _question form the teacher may not know about the (5) of the student (5) _Difficulty. Specific Questions1. Begin questions with an/a (6) . (6) _2. Be careful to (7) the exact point. (7) _. Another Reason for the Correct Use of (8) Politeness
4、 (8) _1. The students uses the imperative (9) the question form (9) _when he is nervous or struggling with new subject matter.2. The teacher may interpret it as (10) and feel angry. (10) _（分数：10.00）填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_三、SECTION B(总题数：1，分数：5.00)（分数：5.
5、00）(1).Pauline failed to catch the flight because _.A. her ticket was not confirmed B. she booked her ticket at the wrong placeC. she didnt have the right documents D. her visa had run out（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(2).Which of the following did NOT occur?A. Pauline visited one of Londons parks. B. Pauline we
6、nt to the airport by taxi.C. Pauline contacted the airline by telephone. D. Pauline stayed the night in London.（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(3).In Ibiza, Pauline took a taxi because _.A. she had too much luggage B. nobody came to pick her upC. the plane was delayed D. her friends home was far away（分数：1.00）A.B.C
7、.D.(4).Pauline learned her friends address in _.A. Newcastle B. Gatwick C. London D. Luton（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(5).From the conversation we get the impression that _.A. some official agencies in London are efficient B. taxi drivers abroad always overcharge strangersC. customs formalities in Britain are
8、flexible D. travel agents tend to misinform people（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.四、SECTION C(总题数：3，分数：6.00)（分数：2.00）(1).Which of the following statements is CORRECT?A. Its Rice s fourth trip to the Middle East and Africa this year.B. The Bush administration Wok a neutral stand after Hamas controlled Gaza strip.C.
9、 Rice will meet both Palestinian President and Israeli Prime Minister.D. Rice may attend a meeting in Jerusalem of the Middle East Quartet.（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(2).The Middle East Quartet includes the following EXCEPT _ .A. NATO B. RussiaC. the United States D. the United Nations（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(1).The
10、 recent fluctuation of the stock market in New York was due toA. Greenspans remarks. B. the slack US business.C. the excessive optimism. D. the weakened US economy.（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(2).Which of the following statements does NOT apply to the origins of the Asian crisis?A. Too much money had flown int
11、o the region.B. The regions own currency had been devalued.C. Investors are less wealthy than they used to be.D. The construction industry had consumed too much bank loan.（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.（分数：2.00）(1).The study in the journal Psychological Science suggests_.A. ones emotions can influence ones facial
12、 expressionsB. the frown-free people will never feel sad or angryC. ones facial expressions can influence ones emotionsD. people can control emotions by frowning more often（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(2).In the experiment, the subjects were asked to read the following statements concerning all EXCEPT_.A. going
13、 to Disney B. losing a big fortuneC. enduring pushy telemarketers D. lacking birthday wishes（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.五、PART READING COMPR(总题数：0，分数：0.00)六、TEXT A(总题数：1，分数：5.00)In the eighteenth century, Japans feudal overlords, from the shogun to the humblest samurai, found themselves under financial stress.
14、 In part, this stress can be attributed to the overlords failure to adjust to a rapidly expanding economy, but the stress was also due to factors beyond the overlords control. Concentration of the samurai in castle towns had acted as a stimulus to trade. Commercial efficiency, in turn, had put tempt
15、ations in the way of buyers. Since most samurai had been reduced to idleness by years of peace, encouraged to engage in scholarship and martial exercises or to perform administrative tasks that took little time, it is not surprising that their tastes and habits grew expensive. overlords income, desp
16、ite the increase in rice production among their tenant farmers, failed to keep pace with their expenses. Although shortfalls in overloads income resulted almost as much from laxity among their tax collectors (the nearly inevitable outcome of hereditary office-holding) as from their higher standards
17、of living, a misfortune like a fire or flood, bringing an in crease in expenses or a drop in revenue, could put a domain in debt to the city rice-brokers who handled its finances. Once in debt, neither the individual samurai nor the shogun himself found it easy to recover.It was difficult for indivi
18、dual samurai overlords to increase their income because the amount of rice that farmers could be made to pay in taxes was not unlimited, and since the income of Japans central government consisted in part of taxes collected by the shogun from his huge domain, the government too was constrained. Ther
19、efore, the Tokugawa shoguns began to look to other sources for revenue. Cash profits from government-owned mines were already on the decline because the most easily worked deposits of silver and gold had been exhausted, although debasement of the coinage had compensated for the loss. Opening up new
20、farmland was a possibility, but most of what was suitable had already been exploited and further reclamation was technically unfeasible. Direct taxation of the samurai themselves would be politically dangerous. This left the shoguns only commerce as a potential source of government income.Most of th
21、e countrys wealth, or so it seemed, was finding its way into the hands of city merchants. It appeared reasonable that they should contribute part of that revenue to ease the shoguns burden of financing the state. A means of obtaining such revenue was soon found by levying forced loans, known as goyo
22、-kin; although these were not taxes in the strict sense, since they were irregular in timing and arbitrary in amount, they were high in yield. Unfortunately, they pushed up prices. Thus, regrettably, the Tokugawa shoguns search for solvency for the government made it increasingly difficult for indiv
23、idual Japanese who lived on fixed stipends to make ends meet.（分数：5.00）(1).Which is the authors attitude toward the samurai discussed in the first paragraph?A. Warmly approving. B. Mildly sympathetic. C. Bitterly disappointed. D. Harshly disdainful.（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(2).Which is the major reason for t
24、he financial problems experienced by Japans feudal overlords?A. Profits from mining had declined. B. Spending had outdistanced income.C. The samurai had concentrated in castle-towns. D. The coinage had been sharply debased.（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(3).The reason that individual samurai did not find it easy
25、to recover from debt is_.A. taxes were irregular in timing and arbitrary in amountB. the Japanese government had failed to adjust to the needs of a changing economyC. there was a limit to the amount in taxes that farmers could be made to payD. the domains of samurai overlords were becoming smaller a
26、nd poorer as government revenues increased（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(4).Which could best be substituted for the word “THIS“ in the last sentence of the second paragraph?A. The search of Japans Tokugawa shoguns for solvency.B. The unfairness of the tax structure in eighteenth-century Japan.C. The difficulty e
27、xperienced by both individual samurai and the shogun himself in extricating themselves from debt.D. The difficulty of increasing government income by other means.（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(5).According to the passage, the actions of the Tokugawa shoguns in their search for solvency for the government were re
28、grettable because those actions_.A. resulted in the exhaustion of the rnost easily worked deposits of silver and goldB. raised the cost of living by pushing up pricesC. were far lower in yield than had originally been anticipatedD. acted as deterrent to trade（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.七、TEXT B(总题数：1，分数：5.00)M
29、ore than any other country, America defines itself by a collective dream: the dream of economic opportunity and upward mobility. Its proudest boast is that it offers a chance of the good life to everybody who is willing to work hard and play by the rules. This ideal has made the United States the wo
30、rlds strongest magnet for immigrants; it has also reconciled ordinary Americans to the rough side of a dynamic economy, with all its inequalities and insecurities. Who cares if the boss earns 300 times more than the average working staff, if the staff knows be can become the boss?Look around the wor
31、ld and the supremacy of “the American model“ might seem assured. No other rich country has so successfully harnessed the modern juggernauts of technology and globalization The hallmarks of American capitalisma willingness to take risks, a light regulatory touch and sharp competitionhave spawned enor
32、mous wealth. “This economy is powerful, productive and prosperous,“ George Bush once boasted, and by many yardsticks he was right. Growth was fast, unemployment was low and profits were fat. It was hardly surprising that so many other governments were trying to “Americanize“ their economieswhether t
33、hrough the European Unions Lisbon Agenda or Japans reforms.Yet many people feel unhappy about the American modelnot least in the United States. Only one in four Americans believes the economy is in good shape. While firms profits have soared, wages for the typical worker have barely budged. The midd
34、le classadmittedly a vague term in Americafeels squeezed. A college degree is no longer a passport to ever-higher pay. Now politicians are playing on these fears. Populists complain about Mr. Osamas plutocratic friends exporting jobs abroad; nativists howl about immigrants wrecking the system.The de
35、bate about the American model echoes far beyond the nations shores. Europeans have long held that America does not look after its poora prejudice reinforced by the ghastly scenes after Hurricane Katrina. The sharp decline in Americas image abroad has much to do with foreign policy, but Americanizati
36、on has also become synonymous with globalization, Across the rich world, global competition is forcing economies to become more flexible, often increasing inequality; Japan is one example. The logic of many non-Americans is that if globalization makes their economy more like Americas, and the Americ
37、an model is defective, then free trade and open markets must be bad.This debate mixes up three argumentsabout inequality, meritocracy and immigration. The word that America should worry about most is the one you hear leastmeritocracy.Begin with inequality. The flip-side of Americas economic dynamism
38、 is that it has become more unequalbut in a more complex way than first appears. Americas rich have been pulling away from the rest of the population, as the returns for talent and capital in a global market have increased. Even if American business stopped at the waters edge, Bill Gates and the par
39、tners of Goldman Sachs would still be wealthy people; but since software and investment banking are global industries, Mr. Gates is worth $ 50 billion and the average pay-and-benefits package for Goldmans 22,400 employees is above $ 500,000.On the other hand, the current wave of globalization may no
40、t be widening the gap between the poor and the rest. Indeed, the headwinds of the global economy are being felt less by Americans at the bottom than by those in the middle. The jobs threatened by outsourcingdata-processing, accounting and so onare white-collar jobs; the jobs done by the poorcleaning
41、 and table-waiting, for examplecould never be done from Bangalore.Those at the bottom have different fears, immigration high among them. Their jobs cannot be exported to rival countries perhaps, but rival workers can and are being imported to America. Yet there is surprisingly little evidence that t
42、he arrival of low-skilled workers has pulled poor Americans wages down. And it has certainly provided a far better life for new arrivals than the one they left behind.（分数：5.00）(1).American employees dont envy the boss who earns much more becauseA they resign themselves to their fate.B they have a st
43、rong sense of security.C they are tolerant as well as generous.D they have a fair chance to rise in rank.（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(2).The word “yardsticks“ in the second paragraph probably meansA standards. B means.C people. D chance.（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(3).Which of the following statements is NOT TRUE?A Some
44、countries begin to doubt about globalization.B Politicians take advantage of peopies emotion in the USA.C The poor are not taken good care of by American government.D Many Americans dont like the American model of economy.（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(4).It can be inferred from the passage thatA globalization m
45、ay cause many social problems.B talent and capital results in disparity of wealth.C American business now has reached a plateau.D the middle class is less affected by globalization.（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(5).It is supposed thatA America should ban the import of low-skills workers.B imported low-skills wor
46、kers can affect the poor greatly.C the American poor are afraid of high-skills immigrants.D new immigrants should struggle to make a living in America.（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.八、TEXT C(总题数：1，分数：5.00)Why should anyone buy the latest volume in the ever-expanding Dictionary of National Biography? I do not mean
47、 that it is bad, as the reviewers will agree. But it will cost you 65 pounds. And have you got the rest of volumes? You need the basic 22 plus the largely decennial supplements to bring the total to 31. Of course, it will be answered, public and academic libraries want the new volume. After all, it
48、adds 1,068 lives of people who escaped the net of the original compilers, Yet in 10 years time a revised version of the whole caboodle, called the New Dictionary of National Biography, will be published. Its editor, Professor Colin Matthew, tells me that he will have room for about 50,000 lives, some 13,000 more than in the current DN B, This rather puts the 1,068 in Missing Persons in the shade.When Dr Nicholls wrote to The Spectator in 1989 asking for names of people whom readers had looked up in the DNB and had
