1、专业八级分类模拟416及答案解析 (总分：60.05，做题时间：90分钟)一、PART LISTENING COM(总题数：0，分数：0.00)二、SECTION A MINI-LECTU(总题数：1，分数：40.00)The Complexities of ReadingThis lecture is the first of six of The Mysteries of Reading and Writing. We tend to think that reading competence increases with practice. Actually, it is a compl
2、ex and mysterious process. . 1 : A story of two Greek boys Dimitris has learnt to read but doesnt know the 2 in which the letter is written. Gregoris is 3 , but is familiar with the local vernacular. The result is that the reading process 4 the two boys efforts. . The different process of learning s
3、peaking and reading both specific to human species talking or speaking can be learnt 5 exposed to a linguistic environment engaged in linguistic exchanges following 6 reading, to be learnt formally cant be acquired by spending time with written material must be taught and 7 , either in ones childhoo
4、d or later tragedy: roughly 20% of the global 8 being illiterate some exceptions in 9 : Marcel Pagnols La Gloire de mon pre (My Fathers Glory) . Reading is the result of a patient 10 learning to make sense of words, then sentences, finally the 11 of a text learning to understand the 12 of the text:
5、befores and afters, cause and effect, or finality learning to understand the usage of pronouns and 13 being fortunate for us to have learnt the reading skill . About the next lecture: 14 explore a range of images of readers ask them about 15 of reading （分数：40.05）三、SECTION B INTERVIEW(总题数：2，分数：10.00)
6、（分数：5.00）A.She owned a car.B.She drove well.C.She liked drivers uniforms.D.It was her childhood dream.A.The right sense of direction.B.The sense of judgment.C.The skill of maneuvering.D.The size of vehicles.A.Streets of the city.B.The skills of communication.C.The unique driving skill.D.The traffic
7、signs.A.Ten days.B.Twenty days.C.Two weeks.D.Three weeks.A.Working for too many hours.B.The work is boring.C.Its not safe to drive at night.D.To talk with strange.（分数：5.00）A.Distance themselves from the patient.B.Be direct and concrete.C.Use euphemisms to tell the patients whats happening to them.D.
8、Hide the truth from the patient.A.You will die soon.B.The cancer has come back.C.You have a malignancy.D.Your liver has hypo-densities.A.Patients should be hided from all the information.B.Doctors make all the decisions themselves.C.The family of the patients make the decisions for the patients.D.Pa
9、tients emphasize on autocracy.A.His experience with many cancer patients.B.His suffering of the mothers death.C.His conversation with a senior physician.D.His experience as an oncology trainee.A.Advertisements.B.Business talks.C.Entertainments.D.News.四、PART LANGUAGE USAG(总题数：1，分数：10.00)A summary of
10、the physical and chemical nature of life must begin, not on the Earth, but in the Sun; in fact, at the Suns very center. It is here which is to be found the source of the energy that the Sun constantly pours 1 out into space light and heat. This energy is librated at the center of 2 the Sun as billi
11、ons upon billions of nuclei of hydrogen atoms collide with each other and fuse together to form nuclei of helium, and doing 3 so, release out some of the energy that is stored in the nuclei of atoms. 4 The output of light and heat of the Sun requires that some 600 million tons of hydrogen are conver
12、ted into helium in the Sun every second. 5 This the Sun has been doing for several thousands of millions of years. The nuclear energy is released at the Suns center as high-energy gamma radiation, a form of electromagnetic radiation like light and radio waves, only of very much short wavelength. Thi
13、s gamma radiation 6 is absorbed by atoms inside the Sun to be reemitted at slight longer 7 wavelengths. This radiation, in its turn is absorbed and reemitted. As the energy filters through the layers of the solar interior, it passes through the X-ray part of the spectrum eventually becoming light. A
14、t this stage, it has reached that we call the solar surface, and can escape into space 8 without being absorbed further by solar atoms. A very small fraction of the Suns light and heat are emitted in such directions that after 9 passing unhindering through interplanetary space, it hits the Earth. 10
15、 （分数：10.00）专业八级分类模拟416答案解析 (总分：60.05，做题时间：90分钟)一、PART LISTENING COM(总题数：0，分数：0.00)二、SECTION A MINI-LECTU(总题数：1，分数：40.00)The Complexities of ReadingThis lecture is the first of six of The Mysteries of Reading and Writing. We tend to think that reading competence increases with practice. Actually, it
16、is a complex and mysterious process. . 1 : A story of two Greek boys Dimitris has learnt to read but doesnt know the 2 in which the letter is written. Gregoris is 3 , but is familiar with the local vernacular. The result is that the reading process 4 the two boys efforts. . The different process of
17、learning speaking and reading both specific to human species talking or speaking can be learnt 5 exposed to a linguistic environment engaged in linguistic exchanges following 6 reading, to be learnt formally cant be acquired by spending time with written material must be taught and 7 , either in one
18、s childhood or later tragedy: roughly 20% of the global 8 being illiterate some exceptions in 9 : Marcel Pagnols La Gloire de mon pre (My Fathers Glory) . Reading is the result of a patient 10 learning to make sense of words, then sentences, finally the 11 of a text learning to understand the 12 of
19、the text: befores and afters, cause and effect, or finality learning to understand the usage of pronouns and 13 being fortunate for us to have learnt the reading skill . About the next lecture: 14 explore a range of images of readers ask them about 15 of reading （分数：40.05）解析：Illustration 听力原文 The Co
20、mplexities of ReadingGood morning, everyone, welcome to my lecture. This is the first of six lectures which Ive entitled The Mysteries of Reading and Writing. Tonight Id like to open the subject up by asking a series of questions and suggesting possible answers to some of them. The answers to other
21、questions will emerge during the course of later lectures. Or at least thats the plan. We take reading for granted. Once weve gained basic literacy, our competence increases with practice and we dont think much about it until we attempt to help someone else to learn to read. Then were struck by what
22、 a long and difficult process learning to read is. And indeed how difficult it is to define. In France, in Burgundy, this summer I was struck by a sign directing people to a Station de lecture du paysage A Post for Reading the Landscape. Reading is also a very complex and in some way mysterious busi
23、ness. Id like to tell a little story to illustrate this. Imagine two young Greek boys, playing in the attic of a house in rural Greece. They come across an old chest, and in it, a letter. They persuade each other that it includes instructions as to where to find valuables hidden during the Second Wo
24、rld War. One, lets say Dimitris, has learnt to read but doesnt know the local dialect in which the letter is written. The other, lets say Gregoris, is illiterate, but is familiar with the local dialect. Dimitris gazes frustratedly at the words on the page while Gregoris asks impatiently what the let
25、ter says. Dimitris starts to sound out the words and Gregoris encourages him occasionally correcting a slight mispronunciation. When Dimitris reaches the end of the letter, Gregoris is able to translate its contents into Modern Greek and they are then both aware of what the letter says. Now, who has
26、 read the letter? It cant be Gregoris, as he is illiterate. Nor can it be Dimitris as he doesnt know the local dialect. So we have to conclude that the reading process has been shared and collaborative. Reading isnt simply about sounding out the letters. Nor can we do it without a certain oral compe
27、tence in the language were reading. Reading is specific to the human species, like speech, but reading doesnt follow, or at least not directly, from innate capabilities which are activated simply by spending time with written material. With rare exceptions children learn to speak by being exposed to
28、 a linguistic environment and being encouraged into linguistic exchanges. They learn to talk according to a developmental scheme, which is both genetically programmed and geared to the properties of each particular mother tongue. But reading, as opposed to speaking, has to be learnt formally. It has
29、 to be taught and assimilated, either in childhood or later. Without the pedagogy, children remain illiterate. It is a tragedy that there are some 774 million, roughly 20% of the global adult population, illiterate people in the world. I say a tragedy because I believe that reading greatly extends o
30、ur understanding of the world and of ourselves. That reading has to be taught formally has sometimes been denied, at least in fiction. Edgar Rice Burroughs, in Tarzan, King of the Jungle tells of the young savage child finding a reading primer in the cabin abandoned by an explorerhis father. He does
31、 his utmost to make sense of what he calls the little insects, the letters, recognising their recurrences and the combinations in which they appear. He teaches himself to read. In Marcel Pagnols La Gloire de mon pre (My Fathers Glory) Pagnol explains how he taught himself, aged just four, to read. H
32、e was often left by his mother at the back of the classroom when his mother went shopping. Hed play with a toy and watch his father admiringly. His father assumed that he was amusing himself quietly and paying no attention to his lessons. Reading is the result of a patient apprenticeship guided by p
33、atient teachers. And its a complex process. It begins with learning how to make sense of words, then sentences, and finally what we might call the global meaning of a text. The apprentice reader has to understand that a text is not simply sentences placed together. Rather there are befores and alter
34、s, and there are relations of cause and effect, or finality, between two events. Without necessarily learning formal grammar, the learner-reader of fiction has to understand that a character first introduced as Catherine, is the same character referred to later on by the pronoun she, or the characte
35、r who reappears as a definite article, followed by a noun, qualified by adjectives, the pretty little girl; Catherine, she, and the pretty little girl are all the same character. The more one thinks about reading, the more remarkable it is that its a skill that most of us are fortunate enough to hav
36、e learnt. Because language is a tricky and slippery business. This evening we considered complexities of reading. In my next lecture, Id like to consider the reader, as opposed to reading. Well be exploring a range of images of readers and asking what they tell us about perceptions of reading. Thank
37、s for your attention. 考点 本题考查对重要细节的概括。 根据听力原文可知，演讲者通过讲述两个希腊男孩的故事来阐明自己的看法，即阅读是一件复杂而神秘的过程。原文中用的是动词illustrate，但空格处是对这一故事作用的说明，应该使用名词形式，同时注意首字母大写，所以答案为Illustration。解析：local dialect 考点 本题考查重要细节。 根据听力原文可知，Dimitris会阅读，但是不懂写这封信所用的当地方言，所以答案为local dialect。解析：illiterate 考点 本题考查重要细节。 根据听力原文The other, lets say G
38、regoris, is illiterate, but is familiar with the local dialect. 可知，Gregoris虽然不识字，但却很了解当地的方言，因此本题答案为illiterate。解析：combines 考点 本题考查对举例处的概括推理。 根据听力原文可知，目不识丁的Gregoris和不懂当地方言的Dimitris通力合作，读懂了这封信。根据听力原文可知，阅读是一个共享和协作的过程，根据空白处前后的提示可知，阅读过程结合了这两个小男孩的努力，所以可推知答案为combines。解析：naturally 考点 本题考查对重要细节的概括。 根据听力原文可知，阅
39、读和语言都是人类特有的能力，但阅读能力并不是人类与生俱来的。绝大多数儿童可以通过置身于特定的语言环境当中来习得语言，而阅读能力则与之相反，需要通过“正规的”学习来习得。综合来看可知，交谈或者语言可以“自然地”习得，故答案为naturally。解析：a developmental scheme 考点 本题考查重要细节。 根据听力原文可知，对于语言能力，人类有其自身的发展时间表，而这种发展过程与遗传有关，同时也会根据特定母语的特性有所变化，所以答案为a developmental scheme。解析：assimilated 考点 本题考查重要细节。 根据听力原文可知，阅读能力不同于语言能力，必须通
40、过“正规的”学习来习得，必须在儿童时期或成人时期进行教授和同化才能习得，所以答案为assimilated。解析：adult population 考点 本题考查重要细节。 根据听力原文It is a tragedy that.roughly 20% of the global adult population, illiterate people in the world. 可知，本题答案为adult population。解析：fiction 考点 本题考查重要细节。 演讲者在上文提到阅读能力必须通过正规的学习来习得，根据听力原文可知，有些小说会故意违反这一常规，以便获得某种效果。结合空格前
41、面的提示内容some exceptions可知，此处答案应为fiction。解析：apprenticeship 考点 本题考查重要细节。 根据听力原文可知，阅读就是有耐心的学徒在有耐心的老师的指导下学习的结果，而且这一过程非常复杂，所以答案为apprenticeship。解析：global meaning 考点 本题考查重要细节。 根据听力原文可知，演讲者认为阅读的过程首先应了解词的意思，其次是句子的意思，最后是这篇文章的整体意思，所以本题答案为global meaning。解析：logic relations 考点 本题考查对重要细节的概括。 根据听力原文可知，阅读者必须知道文本不仅仅是句子
42、的叠加，其中有“前”、有“后”，有因、有果，而且有结局。换句话说，文本内容都是按照一定的逻辑关系展开的，所以归纳得出答案为logic relations。解析：the definite article 考点 本题考查重要细节。 根据听力原文可知，演讲者认为虽然系统学习语法不那么必要，但是学习者必须掌握代词和定冠词等的用法，所以本题答案为the definite article。解析：the reader 考点 本题考查重要细节。 这篇讲座的主要内容是阅读的复杂性，根据听力原文可知，下一次讲座的主题是与阅读相对应的读者，探讨读者的不同类型以及探寻他们对阅读的理解，所以答案为the reader。
43、解析：perceptions 考点 本题考查重要细节。 根据听力原文Well be exploring a range of images of readers and asking what they tell us about perceptions of reading. 可知，演讲者接下来将会研究一系列不同类型的读者，并要求他们讲述对阅读的理解，所以本题答案为perceptions。三、SECTION B INTERVIEW(总题数：2，分数：10.00)（分数：5.00）A.She owned a car.B.She drove well.C.She liked drivers un
44、iforms.D.It was her childhood dream.解析：听力原文 (I: Interviewer N: Nancy) I: Hello, Nancy, I know you are one of the few women taxi drivers in the city now, and you drive for a living. What made you want to be a common taxi driver in the first place? N: I took pride in driving well, even when I was youn
45、g, but I have to wait until I have a car to learn to drive. When I finally learned, it was something I really enjoyed and still enjoy. I remembered how smart those taxi drivers have seemed driving so well, and dressed so neatly in their uniforms. And I thought Id like to do that myself. I: You reall
46、y enjoy driving, I see. How long have you been a taxi driver? N: Eh, altogether 12 years. I: Mm, so its been quite some time already, hasnt it? N: Yeah. I: Then, what did you find the most difficult about becoming a taxi driver? N: I can still remember when I was first learning to drive. It was scar
47、y I didnt yet know how to judge distance. And when a big truck came near, it seemed like its wheels would just come right over me. Anyway, soon I learned to judge distance. I began looking ahead, stopped worrying about the trucks and about what was moving on either side. I: In your opinion, what does it take to become a good taxi driver? N: Eh, besides driving well, the most important thing a taxi driver needs to know is the streets and I know the city well because I have lived in it a long time . I know all the main streets, and even the side streets. And of
