1、专业英语八级（改错）-试卷160及答案解析 (总分：100.00，做题时间：90分钟)一、LANGUAGE USAGE(总题数：5，分数：100.00)1.PART III LANGUAGE USAGE（分数：20.00）_Its the holiday season and that means kids by the millions are asking Santa for the opportunity to blow away enemy soldiers andaliens on the Xbox or PlayStation. Would parents be worried a
2、bout 1buying such gifts? Violent video games are now an established part of our culture; recent releases of games such as Call of Duty:Modern Warfare and Skyrim have setting sales records for media 2releases(topping even blockbuster movies)and garnishing lavish reviews for their artistic merits. Ten
3、 years ago, scholars andpoliticians raised the possibility such games might contribute to 3school shootings or other youth violence. Our modern fears over Violent video games appear to be inline with prior moral panics over media as diversely as jazz music, 4comic books and Harry Potter. Granted, to
4、o much passiveactivity, including video games, can contribute to obesity. Unlike 5anything else, gaming should be enjoyed in moderation, balancedwith outdoor activity, allowed enough time for family and 6schoolwork. A very small number of kids exhibit signs ofpathological gaming. And regarding conce
5、rns about aggression, it 7appears to be that, fairly early on, children learn to distinguish between fantasy and reality, and their brains dont treat thesephenomena the same. Santa Claus is a primary example. Despite 8that not only their parents but all of society conspiring to lie to 9children abou
6、t the reality of this fellow, children can reason out theimprobability of its existence by the mid-elementary years. With 10those kinds of reasoning powers, kids can handle a video game that doesnt even claim to be real.（分数：20.00）填空项1:_填空项1:_填空项1:_填空项1:_填空项1:_填空项1:_填空项1:_填空项1:_填空项1:_填空项1:_For most o
7、f American history, businesses were run to provide livelihoods and reasonable profit. In the last few decades,though, business and society in the general have moved toward 1emphasizing profit maximization and individual self-interest. Thetransfer from reasonable profit to profit maximization has 2si
8、gnificant implications for corporate behavior and governmentregulation. However, how society views the purpose of the 3corporation has significant implications not only for business, butalso for the perceived responsibilities of its civilians, their 4interactions with each other, and their obligatio
9、n to their fellow countrymen. Today, it is uncommon for corporations to direct their 5attention to serving for shareholder and management interests, and 6to achieving the highest short-term financial return. Not only has this view become commonplace in society and the economy, it has permeated educa
10、tional institutions and affected how young people see the role of corporations. Lost in this orientation, though, is a sense of the corporationas a creature of the state, created and gave special powers and 7privileges by the state. The historic balance between we versusme has shifted dramatic towar
11、d a focus on self-interest at the 8expense of societal interest. The result has been a decline in broad social and economic values in favor of viewing the corporationsolely a vehicle for personal financial enrichment. That view 9represents a significant shift from the historicalwhich the grant 10of
12、corporate privilege was to advance public purposes such as building roads, bridges, and canals.（分数：20.00）填空项1:_填空项1:_填空项1:_填空项1:_填空项1:_填空项1:_填空项1:_填空项1:_填空项1:_填空项1:_For years, nonprofit hospitals have shied away from quantifying the amount of charitable care they provide communities. Hospital offici
13、als argue that its almost impossible toput a dollar value on charity and doing so would take valuable 1time and resources away from actually serving the need. 2 The charity question is significant because nonprofit hospitals get major tax breaks. Also, because of loopholes in state laws, nonprofit h
14、ospitals are often permitted to make huge profits. Tocomplicate things further, the 2005 Government Accountability 3Office study concluded that, when it comes to charity care, the differences between nonprofit and for-profit groups were oftenbig. To make up for this, nonprofit hospitals tend to arra
15、nge deals 4with city and state governments to provide payment in lieu oftaxes(also known as PILOT programs). But for these payments 5often dont equate the hospitals overall tax benefit and are 6perceived as acts of good faith to show that hospitals are playing nice with their communities. Recent eco
16、nomic downturns, therefore, have shined a 7detectives spotlight on the amount of charity care hospitals provide. Investigative reports have shown up in Atlanta, East Bayand Boston newspapers question charity care policies. The Boston 8Globe report calculated that Bostons 10 leading hospital companie
17、s benefited from an estimated $638 million in federal,state, and local tax breaks as well state discounts on borrowing in 92007, which accounts to $264 million more than the value of 10care for the poor and other charity work.（分数：20.00）填空项1:_填空项1:_填空项1:_填空项1:_填空项1:_填空项1:_填空项1:_填空项1:_填空项1:_填空项1:_Doct
18、ors baffled by an unexplained rash on peoples ears orcheeks should be on alert for a skin allergy caused too much 1mobile phone use, the British Association of Dermatologists said.Citing published studies, a group said a red or itchy rash, known as 2mobile phone dermatitis(皮炎), effects people who de
19、velop an 3allergic reaction to the nickel surface on mobile phones after spending long periods of time on the devices. It is worth doctorsbear this condition in mind if they see a patient with a rash on the 4cheek or ear that cannot otherwise be explained, it said. TheBritish group said many doctors
20、 were aware mobile phones could 5cause the condition. Safety concern over mobile phones has grownas more people rely on it for everyday communication, although 6the evidence to date has given the technology a clean bill of health when it comes to serious conditions like brain cancer. In mobilephone
21、dermatitis, the rash would typical occur on the cheek or ear, 7depending on the metal part of the phone comes into contact with 8the skin, the group said in a statement. In theory it could evenoccur on the fingers unless you spend a lot of time texting on metal 9menu buttons. Nickel is a metal found
22、 in products, and ranging from mobile 10phones to jewelry to belt buckles and is one of the most common causes of allergic contact dermatitis, according to the Mayo Clinic in the United States.（分数：20.00）填空项1:_填空项1:_填空项1:_填空项1:_填空项1:_填空项1:_填空项1:_填空项1:_填空项1:_填空项1:_专业英语八级（改错）-试卷160答案解析 (总分：100.00，做题时间：
23、90分钟)一、LANGUAGE USAGE(总题数：5，分数：100.00)1.PART III LANGUAGE USAGE（分数：20.00）_解析：Its the holiday season and that means kids by the millions are asking Santa for the opportunity to blow away enemy soldiers andaliens on the Xbox or PlayStation. Would parents be worried about 1buying such gifts? Violent vi
24、deo games are now an established part of our culture; recent releases of games such as Call of Duty:Modern Warfare and Skyrim have setting sales records for media 2releases(topping even blockbuster movies)and garnishing lavish reviews for their artistic merits. Ten years ago, scholars andpoliticians
25、 raised the possibility such games might contribute to 3school shootings or other youth violence. Our modern fears over Violent video games appear to be inline with prior moral panics over media as diversely as jazz music, 4comic books and Harry Potter. Granted, too much passiveactivity, including v
26、ideo games, can contribute to obesity. Unlike 5anything else, gaming should be enjoyed in moderation, balancedwith outdoor activity, allowed enough time for family and 6schoolwork. A very small number of kids exhibit signs ofpathological gaming. And regarding concerns about aggression, it 7appears t
27、o be that, fairly early on, children learn to distinguish between fantasy and reality, and their brains dont treat thesephenomena the same. Santa Claus is a primary example. Despite 8that not only their parents but all of society conspiring to lie to 9children about the reality of this fellow, child
28、ren can reason out theimprobability of its existence by the mid-elementary years. With 10those kinds of reasoning powers, kids can handle a video game that doesnt even claim to be real.（分数：20.00）填空项1:_（正确答案：WouldShould）填空项1:_（正确答案：settingbeen）填空项1:_（正确答案：such一that）填空项1:_（正确答案：diversely一diverse）填空项1:
29、正确答案：Unlike一Like）填空项1:_（正确答案：allowed一allowing）填空项1:_（正确答案：AndBut）填空项1:_（正确答案：primary一prime）填空项1:_（正确答案：that一去掉that）填空项1:_（正确答案：itshis）解析：解析：语法错误。此处指代的是前句的this fellow，即Santa Claus(圣诞老人)，指人，故应改为his。For most of American history, businesses were run to provide livelihoods and reasonable profit. In the
30、 last few decades,though, business and society in the general have moved toward 1emphasizing profit maximization and individual self-interest. Thetransfer from reasonable profit to profit maximization has 2significant implications for corporate behavior and governmentregulation. However, how society
31、 views the purpose of the 3corporation has significant implications not only for business, butalso for the perceived responsibilities of its civilians, their 4interactions with each other, and their obligation to their fellow countrymen. Today, it is uncommon for corporations to direct their 5attent
32、ion to serving for shareholder and management interests, and 6to achieving the highest short-term financial return. Not only has this view become commonplace in society and the economy, it has permeated educational institutions and affected how young people see the role of corporations. Lost in this
33、 orientation, though, is a sense of the corporationas a creature of the state, created and gave special powers and 7privileges by the state. The historic balance between we versusme has shifted dramatic toward a focus on self-interest at the 8expense of societal interest. The result has been a decli
34、ne in broad social and economic values in favor of viewing the corporationsolely a vehicle for personal financial enrichment. That view 9represents a significant shift from the historicalwhich the grant 10of corporate privilege was to advance public purposes such as building roads, bridges, and cana
35、ls.（分数：20.00）填空项1:_（正确答案：the一去掉the）填空项1:_（正确答案：transfershift）填空项1:_（正确答案：HoweverMoreover）填空项1:_（正确答案：civilianscitizens）填空项1:_（正确答案：uncommon一common）填空项1:_（正确答案：for一去掉for）填空项1:_（正确答案：gave一given）填空项1:_（正确答案：dramatic一dramatically）填空项1:_（正确答案：solely一as）填空项1:_（正确答案：which一where）解析：解析：语法错误。此处是定语从句引导词在从句中作状语
36、替代in a historical view，故应该用关系副词where引导。此句的意思是“授予企业特权是为了发展公众利益，如修路、建桥和开通运河等。”For years, nonprofit hospitals have shied away from quantifying the amount of charitable care they provide communities. Hospital officials argue that its almost impossible toput a dollar value on charity and doing so would
37、take valuable 1time and resources away from actually serving the need. 2 The charity question is significant because nonprofit hospitals get major tax breaks. Also, because of loopholes in state laws, nonprofit hospitals are often permitted to make huge profits. Tocomplicate things further, the 2005
38、 Government Accountability 3Office study concluded that, when it comes to charity care, the differences between nonprofit and for-profit groups were oftenbig. To make up for this, nonprofit hospitals tend to arrange deals 4with city and state governments to provide payment in lieu oftaxes(also known
39、 as PILOT programs). But for these payments 5often dont equate the hospitals overall tax benefit and are 6perceived as acts of good faith to show that hospitals are playing nice with their communities. Recent economic downturns, therefore, have shined a 7detectives spotlight on the amount of charity
40、 care hospitals provide. Investigative reports have shown up in Atlanta, East Bayand Boston newspapers question charity care policies. The Boston 8Globe report calculated that Bostons 10 leading hospital companies benefited from an estimated $638 million in federal,state, and local tax breaks as wel
41、l state discounts on borrowing in 92007, which accounts to $264 million more than the value of 10care for the poor and other charity work.（分数：20.00）填空项1:_（正确答案：doing一that）填空项1:_（正确答案：needneedy）填空项1:_（正确答案：thea）填空项1:_（正确答案：bigsmall）填空项1:_（正确答案：for一去掉for）填空项1:_（正确答案：equate一equal）填空项1:_（正确答案：therefore一
42、however）填空项1:_（正确答案：question一questioning）填空项1:_（正确答案：well一as）填空项1:_（正确答案：accountsamounts）解析：解析：词汇错误。此处考查形近词的辨析。amount to表示“合计”，此处后接金钱数额，符合语义。account作动词时意为“看做；解释”，放在此处解释不通。Doctors baffled by an unexplained rash on peoples ears orcheeks should be on alert for a skin allergy caused too much 1mobile pho
43、ne use, the British Association of Dermatologists said.Citing published studies, a group said a red or itchy rash, known as 2mobile phone dermatitis(皮炎), effects people who develop an 3allergic reaction to the nickel surface on mobile phones after spending long periods of time on the devices. It is
44、worth doctorsbear this condition in mind if they see a patient with a rash on the 4cheek or ear that cannot otherwise be explained, it said. TheBritish group said many doctors were aware mobile phones could 5cause the condition. Safety concern over mobile phones has grownas more people rely on it for everyday communication, although 6the evidence to date has given the technology a clean bill of health when it comes to serious conditions l
