1、专业英语八级（听力）-试卷107及答案解析 (总分：56.00，做题时间：90分钟)一、LISTENING COMPREHENS(总题数：6，分数：56.00)1.PART I LISTENING COMPREHENSION_2.SECTION A MINI-LECTUREIn this section you will hear a mini-lecture. You will hear the mini-lecture ONCE ONLY. While listening to the mini-lecture, please complete the gap-filling task o
2、n ANSWER SHEET ONE and write NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS for each gap. Make sure the word(s) you fill in is (are) both grammatically and semantically acceptable. You may use the blank sheet for note-taking.You have THIRTY seconds to preview the gap-filling task._First of all, lets talk about what cultu
3、re is. When we think about culture we first think about a country, and particularly about its food, art, customs, and 1. These are the outward manifestations of a system of values, 2, and deeply rooted beliefs. Culture emerges as a group of people meet and then react to the challenges of life. The r
4、esponses to those challenges that are successful are taught and shared among members of the group and are passed on from the older to the younger members. Culture is then learned through 3. You can think of culture as having three levels: first, the top level is 4, the artifacts: visible behavior, a
5、rt, clothing and so on: second, in the middle level are 5. These are invisible rules that cause the artifacts: thirdly, the most powerful dimension of culture is 6. These assumptions lie so deep that they are never questioned, stated or defended.（分数：12.00）填空项1:_填空项1:_填空项1:_填空项1:_填空项1:_填空项1:_Generall
6、y speaking, three types of problems are involved in 1. They are 2, prejudices, and discrimination. Let me explain each one to you with examples. First, about 3. Walter Lippmann introduced the term in 1922 to refer to 4 that is used to organise and simplify perceptions of others. Stereotypes are 5 ab
7、out some group of people to all people who belong to that category. Examples for stereotyping are such beliefs as: Women are emotional, Politicians are dishonest, Germans are cold and too serious, 6. Secondly, about prejudices. Prejudices refer to 7 toward other people that are based on faulty and i
8、nflexible stereotypes. Prejudices include irrational feelings of dislike and even hatred for certain groups of people, who are not based on direct experiences and 8 （分数：16.00）填空项1:_填空项1:_填空项1:_填空项1:_填空项1:_填空项1:_填空项1:_填空项1:_I want you to know that different cultures have different negotiation practic
9、es. Negotiation practices differ 1. Some cultures expect clients to negotiate over things that would be totally unacceptable in other countries. Some cultures get upset or angry by things that are totally 2 in other cultures. Different cultures simply have different approaches when it comes to negot
10、iation. This can be 3 when you travel to a new country to negotiate for business. And even more so if it is your first time. It is important to know what is culturally expected of you when it comes to negotiation. If you are just starting out in 4, it is wise to do some homework and identify 5 in th
11、e country you are travelling to. No matter how much research you do prior to your first cross cultural negotiation communication road blocks can easily come up. This is even more likely if your negotiation is taking place in a foreign environment to what you are used to. So it is even more important
12、 to 6 to ride through communication hurdles.（分数：12.00）填空项1:_填空项1:_填空项1:_填空项1:_填空项1:_填空项1:_A high-context culture is a culture in which the context of the message or the action or an event carries a large part of its 1. What this means is that in a high-context culture more attention is paid to what
13、has been 2 than to the message itself. Now let me give you examples. First in terms of personal space, generally speaking, in a high-context culture, because theres greater dependency on 3, people lean towards 4 or closeness to people. And they have 5, for personal space. If you go into that culture
14、 people might stand closer when theyre talking to you. They might touch more and if theyre jostled in a crowd, they wont feel violated. And also people from a high-context culture pay attention to 6. Because remember what I said, the definition of a high-context culture is that more attention is pa
15、id to the context of the message than to the message itself, and part of the context is body language. Second, in terms of time, people in high-context cultures are considered to have what is called a polychrome attitude toward time. Here poly means multiple and chronic means time. What this means i
16、s that they believe 7 have their own time and there cant be a standard system of time for everything. What this leads them to believe is that you cant emphasize 8. Things happen when they are supposed to happen. So theres a different attitude toward time. There is no set standard of time. You cant c
17、ontrol time. Everything has its own sense of time. So its a culture that pays little attention to time, to clock time.（分数：16.00）填空项1:_填空项1:_填空项1:_填空项1:_填空项1:_填空项1:_填空项1:_填空项1:_专业英语八级（听力）-试卷107答案解析 (总分：56.00，做题时间：90分钟)一、LISTENING COMPREHENS(总题数：6，分数：56.00)1.PART I LISTENING COMPREHENSION_解析：2.SECTION
18、 A MINI-LECTUREIn this section you will hear a mini-lecture. You will hear the mini-lecture ONCE ONLY. While listening to the mini-lecture, please complete the gap-filling task on ANSWER SHEET ONE and write NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS for each gap. Make sure the word(s) you fill in is (are) both gramma
19、tically and semantically acceptable. You may use the blank sheet for note-taking.You have THIRTY seconds to preview the gap-filling task._解析：First of all, lets talk about what culture is. When we think about culture we first think about a country, and particularly about its food, art, customs, and 1
20、 These are the outward manifestations of a system of values, 2, and deeply rooted beliefs. Culture emerges as a group of people meet and then react to the challenges of life. The responses to those challenges that are successful are taught and shared among members of the group and are passed on fro
21、m the older to the younger members. Culture is then learned through 3. You can think of culture as having three levels: first, the top level is 4, the artifacts: visible behavior, art, clothing and so on: second, in the middle level are 5. These are invisible rules that cause the artifacts: thirdly,
22、 the most powerful dimension of culture is 6. These assumptions lie so deep that they are never questioned, stated or defended.（分数：12.00）填空项1:_（正确答案：patterns of behavior）填空项1:_（正确答案：assumptions）填空项1:_（正确答案：experience）填空项1:_（正确答案：the outward manifestations）填空项1:_（正确答案：the values）填空项1:_（正确答案：the impli
23、cit cultural assumptions）解析：Generally speaking, three types of problems are involved in 1. They are 2, prejudices, and discrimination. Let me explain each one to you with examples. First, about 3. Walter Lippmann introduced the term in 1922 to refer to 4 that is used to organise and simplify percept
24、ions of others. Stereotypes are 5 about some group of people to all people who belong to that category. Examples for stereotyping are such beliefs as: Women are emotional, Politicians are dishonest, Germans are cold and too serious, 6. Secondly, about prejudices. Prejudices refer to 7 toward other p
25、eople that are based on faulty and inflexible stereotypes. Prejudices include irrational feelings of dislike and even hatred for certain groups of people, who are not based on direct experiences and 8 （分数：16.00）填空项1:_（正确答案：the intercultural communication）填空项1:_（正确答案：stereotyping）填空项1:_（正确答案：stereoty
26、ping）填空项1:_（正确答案：a selection process）填空项1:_（正确答案：a form of generalization）填空项1:_（正确答案：Latinos are lazy）填空项1:_（正确答案：negative attitudes）填空项1:_（正确答案：first-hand knowledge）解析：I want you to know that different cultures have different negotiation practices. Negotiation practices differ 1. Some cultures exp
27、ect clients to negotiate over things that would be totally unacceptable in other countries. Some cultures get upset or angry by things that are totally 2 in other cultures. Different cultures simply have different approaches when it comes to negotiation. This can be 3 when you travel to a new countr
28、y to negotiate for business. And even more so if it is your first time. It is important to know what is culturally expected of you when it comes to negotiation. If you are just starting out in 4, it is wise to do some homework and identify 5 in the country you are travelling to. No matter how much r
29、esearch you do prior to your first cross cultural negotiation communication road blocks can easily come up. This is even more likely if your negotiation is taking place in a foreign environment to what you are used to. So it is even more important to 6 to ride through communication hurdles.（分数：12.00
30、填空项1:_（正确答案：from country to country）填空项1:_（正确答案：acceptable）填空项1:_（正确答案：intimidating）填空项1:_（正确答案：developing your international markets）填空项1:_（正确答案：the standard expected negotiating habits）填空项1:_（正确答案：develop skills）解析：A high-context culture is a culture in which the context of the message or the act
31、ion or an event carries a large part of its 1. What this means is that in a high-context culture more attention is paid to what has been 2 than to the message itself. Now let me give you examples. First in terms of personal space, generally speaking, in a high-context culture, because theres greater
32、 dependency on 3, people lean towards 4 or closeness to people. And they have 5, for personal space. If you go into that culture, people might stand closer when theyre talking to you. They might touch more and if theyre jostled in a crowd, they wont feel violated. And also people from a high-context
33、 culture pay attention to 6. Because remember what I said, the definition of a high-context culture is that more attention is paid to the context of the message than to the message itself, and part of the context is body language. Second, in terms of time, people in high-context cultures are conside
34、red to have what is called a polychrome attitude toward time. Here poly means multiple and chronic means time. What this means is that they believe 7 have their own time and there cant be a standard system of time for everything. What this leads them to believe is that you cant emphasize 8. Things h
35、appen when they are supposed to happen. So theres a different attitude toward time. There is no set standard of time. You cant control time. Everything has its own sense of time. So its a culture that pays little attention to time, to clock time.（分数：16.00）填空项1:_（正确答案：meaning and significance）填空项1:_（正确答案：in and around the message）填空项1:_（正确答案：group thinking）填空项1:_（正确答案：heavier sensory involvement）填空项1:_（正确答案：less respect for privacy）填空项1:_（正确答案：body language）填空项1:_（正确答案：people, things, events）填空项1:_（正确答案：punctuality）解析：
