1、专业英语八级34及答案解析 (总分：77.02，做题时间：130分钟)一、PART I LISTENING (总题数：1，分数：1.00)1. Skill to ask questions 1) be aware of the human nature:readiness to answer others questions regardless of (1) 1 2) start a conversation with some personal but unharmful questions e.g. questions about ones (2) 2 job questions abo
2、ut ones activities in the (3) 3 3) be able to spot signals for further talk 2. Skill to (4) 4 for answers 1) dont shift from subject to subject sticking to the same subject: signs of (5) 5 in conversation 2) to (6) 6of voice If people sound unenthusiastic, then change subject. 3) use eyes and ears s
3、teady your gaze while ing 3. Skill to laugh Effects of laughter: ease peoples (7) 7 help start (8) 8 4. Skill to part 1) importance: open up possibilities for future friendship or contact 2) ways: : a smile, a (9) 9 wo: same as (10) 10 now how to express pleasure in meeting someone （分数：1.00）填空项1:_填空
4、项1:_填空项1:_填空项1:_填空项1:_填空项1:_填空项1:_填空项1:_填空项1:_填空项1:_二、SECTION B INTERVI(总题数：1，分数：1.00)(1).Employees in the US are paid for their time. This means that they are supposed to （分数：0.20）A.work hard while their boss is around.B.come to work when there is work to be done.C.work with initiative and willingn
5、ess.D.work through their lunch break.(2).One of the advantages of flexible working hours is that（分数：0.20）A.pressure from work can be reduced.B.working women can have more time at home.C.traffic and commuting problems can be solved.D.personal relationships in offices can be improved.(3).On the issue
6、of working contracts in the US, which statement is NOT correct?（分数：0.20）A.Performance at work matters more than anything else.B.There are laws protecting employees working rights.C.Good reasons must be provided in order to fire workers.D.Working contracts in the US are mostly short-term ones.(4).It
7、can be assumed from the interview that an informal atmosphere might be found in（分数：0.20）A.small firms.B.major banks.C.big corporations.D.law offices.(5).The interview is mainly about _ in the USA.（分数：0.20）A.office hierarchiesB.office conditionsC.office rules.D.office life.三、SECTION C NEWS BR(总题数：2，分
8、数：1.00)(1).Afghan people are suffering from starvation because （分数：0.25）A.melting snow begins to block the mountain paths.B.the Taliban have destroyed existing food stocks.C.the Taliban are hindering food deliveries.D.an emergency air-lift of food was cancelled.(2)._ people in Afghanistan are facing
9、 starvation.（分数：0.25）A.160000B.16000C.1000000D.100000(1).It had been believed that Napoleon Bonaparte_.（分数：0.17）A.died of arsenic poisoningB.died of a stomach cancerC.was killed by British armyD.was murdered by Prussian forces(2).The hair samples used in experiment_.（分数：0.17）A.came from INS which ke
10、eps the samplesB.were offered by the emperors descendantsC.were offered by the emperors servantsD.were taken directly from title emperors body(3).Which of the following is used to support the claim that the emperor died of a natural death?（分数：0.17）A.He had a good appetite for various kinds of food.B
11、He had a habit of drinking little and mixed it with water.C.He had lost 11 kilos during the last five months of his life.D.He was deported to the island of St Helena.四、PART II GENERAL K(总题数：10，分数：10.00)2.The original inhabitants of Australia were_.（分数：1.00）A.the Red Indians.B.the Eskimos.C.the Abor
12、igines.D.the Maoris.3.The majority of the current population in the UK are decedents of all the following tribes respectively EXCEPT_.（分数：1.00）A.the Anglos.B.the Celts.C.the Jutes.D.the Saxons.4. The speech act theory was first put forward by_.（分数：1.00）A.John Searle.B.John Austin.C.Noam Chomsky.D.M.
13、 A. K. Halliday.5. William Sidney Porter known as O. Henry, is most famous for_.（分数：1.00）A.his poems.B.his plays.C.his short stories.D.his novels.6. Which of the following is NOT a distinctive feature of human language?（分数：1.00）A.Arbitrariness.B.Productivity.C.Cultural transmission.D.Finiteness.7.Th
14、e word tail once referred to the the tail of a horse, but now it is used to mean the tail of any animal. This is an example of_.（分数：1.00）A.widening of meaning.B.narrowing of meaning.C.meaning shift.D.loss of meaning.8. The novel Emma is written by_.（分数：1.00）A.Mary Shelley.B.Charlotte Bronte.C.Elizab
15、eth C. Gaskell.D.Jane Austen.9. What essentially distinguishes semantics and pragmatics is the notion of_.（分数：1.00）A.reference.B.meaning.C.antonymy.D.context.10. Which of the following cities is NOT located in the Northeast, U. S. ?（分数：1.00）A.Huston.B.Boston.C.Baltimore.D.Philadelphia.11. The Presid
16、ent during the American Civil War was_.（分数：1.00）A.Andrew Jackson.B.Abraham Lincoln.C.Thomas Jefferson.D.George Washington.五、PART III READING (总题数：4，分数：4.00)When former President Ronald Reagan fell and broke his hip at the age of 89, he joined a group of more than 350, 000 elderly Americans who fract
17、ure their hips each year. Suffering from advanced Alzheimers disease, Reagan was in one of the highest-risk groups for this type of accident. The incidence of hip fractures not only increases after age 50, but doubles every five to six years as the risk of falling increases. Slipping and tumbling ar
18、e not the only causes of hip fractures; weakened bones sometimes break spontaneously. But falling is the major cause, representing 90% of all hip fractures. These injuries are not to be taken lightly. According to the American Academy of Orthopedic Surgeons, only 25% of those who suffer hip fracture
19、s ever fully recover; as many as 20% will die within 12 months. Even when patients do recover, nearly half will need a cane or a walker to get around. When it comes to hip fractures, the most dangerous place for elderly Americans, it turns out, is their homes; nearly 60% of these dangerous spills wi
20、ll occur in or around the patients domicile. This isnt all bad news, however, because a few modifications could prevent a lot of accidents. The first thing to do is to get rid of those throw rugs that line hallways and entrances. They often fold over or bunch up, turning them into booby traps for an
21、yone shuffling down the hall. Entering and leaving the house is a particularly high-risk activity, which is why some experts suggest removing any doorsills higher than 1/2 in. If the steps are bare wood, you can increase traction by applying non-slip treads. Because many seniors suffer from poor bal
22、ance (whether from neurological deficits or from the inner-ear problems that increase naturally with aging), it also helps to install grab bars and handrails in bathrooms and along hallways. The bedroom is another major hazard area that can be made much safer with a few adjustments. Avoid satin shee
23、ts and comforters, and opt for non-slip material like wool or cotton. Easy access to devices is important, so place a lamp, telephone and flashlight near the bed within arms reach. Make sure the pathway between the bedroom and bathroom is completely clear, and install a night-light along the route f
24、or those emergency late-night trips. Its a good idea to rearrange the furniture throughout the house, so that the paths between rooms are free of obstructions. Also, make sure telephone and appliance cords arent strung across common walkways, where they can be tripped over. In addition to these phys
25、ical precautions, there the health precautions every aging body should take. Physical and eye examinations, with special attention to cardiac and blood-pressure problems, should be performed annually to rule out serious medical conditions. Blood pressure thats too low or an irregular heartbeat can p
26、ut you at risk for fainting and falling. Dont forget to take calcium and vitamin D, two critical factors in developing strong bones. Finally, enrolling in an exercise programme at your local gym can improve agility, strength, balance and coordinationall important skills that can keep you on your fee
27、t and off the floor. （分数：0.99）(1). The following are all specific measures to guard against injuries with the EXCEPTION of _.（分数：0.33）A.removal of throw rugs.B.easy access to devices.C.installation of grab bars.D.re-arrangement of furniture.(2). In which paragraph does the author state his purpose o
28、f writing?（分数：0.33）A.The third paragraph.B.The first paragraph.C.The last paragraph.D.The last but one paragraph.(3). The main purpose of the passage is to_.（分数：0.33）A.offer advice on how to prevent hip fractures.B.emphasize the importance of health precautions.C.discuss the seriousness of hip fract
29、ures.D.identify the causes of hip fractures.In every known human society the males needs for achievement can be recognized. In a great number of human societies mens sureness of their sex role is tied up with their right, or ability, to practice some activity that women are not allowed to practice.
30、Their maleness in fact has to be underwritten by preventing women from entering some field or performing some feat. This is the conclusion of the anthropologist Margaret Mead about the way in which the roles of men and women in society should be distinguished. If talk and print are considered it wou
31、ld seem that the formal emancipation of women is far from complete. There is a flow of publications about the continuing domestic bondage of women and about the complicated system of defences which men have thrown up around their hitherto accepted advantages, taking sometimes the obvious form of exc
32、lusion from types of occupation and sociable groupings, and sometimes the more subtle form of automatic doubt of the seriousness of womens pretensions to the level of intellect and resolution that men, it is supposed, bring to the business of running the world. There are a good many objective pieces
33、 of evidence for the erosion of mens status. In the first place, there is the widespread postwar phenomenon of the woman Prime Minister, in India, Sri Lanka and Israel. Secondly, there is the very large increase in the number of women who work, especially married women and mothers of children. More
34、diffusely there are the increasingly numerous convergences between male and female behavior: the approximation to identical styles in dress and coiffure, the sharing of domestic tasks, and the admission of women to all sorts of hitherto exclusively male leisure-time activities. Everyone carries roun
35、d with him a fairly definite idea of the primitive or natural conditions of human life. It is acquired more by the study of humorous cartoons than of archaeology, but that does not matter since it is not significant as theory but only as an expression of inwardly felt expectations of peoples sense o
36、f what is fundamentally proper in the differentiation between the roles of the two sexes. In this rudimentary natural society men go out to hunt and fish and to fight off the tribe next door while women keep the fire going. Amorous initiative is firmly reserved to the man, who sets about courtship w
37、ith a club. （分数：1.02）(1). The phrase mens sureness of their sex role in the first paragraph suggests that they_.（分数：0.17）A.are confident in their ability to charm women.B.take the initiative in courtship.C.have a clear idea of what is considered manly.D.tend to be more immoral than women are.(2). Th
38、e third paragraph does NOT claim that men_.（分数：0.17）A.prevent women from taking up certain professions.B.secretly admire womens intellect and resolution.C.doubt whether women really mean to succeed in business.D.forbid women to join certain clubs and societies.(3). The third paragraph_.（分数：0.17）A.ge
39、nerally agrees with the first paragraph.B.has no connection with the first paragraph.C.repeats the argument of the second paragraph.D.contradicts the last paragraph.(4). At the end of the last paragraph the author uses humorous exaggeration in order to_.（分数：0.17）A.show that men are stronger than wom
40、en.B.carry further the ideas of the earlier paragraphs.C.support the first sentence of the same paragraph.D.disown the ideas he is expressing.(5). The usual idea of the cave man in the last paragraph_.（分数：0.17）A.is based on the study of archaeology.B.illustrates how people expect men to behave.C.is
41、dismissed by the author as an irrelevant joke.D.proves that the man, not woman, should be the wooer.(6). The opening quotation from Margaret Mead sums up a relationship between man and woman which the author_.（分数：0.17）A.approves of.B.argues is natural.,C.completely rejects.D.expects to go on changin
42、g.Social change is more likely to occur in heterogeneous societies than in homogeneous ones, simply because there are more diverse points of view available in the former. There are more ideas, more conflicts of interest, and more groups and organizations of different persuasions. In addition, there
43、is usually a greater worldly interest and tolerance in heterogeneous societies. All these factors tend to promote social change by opening more areas of life to decision rather than subjecting them to authority. In a quite homogeneous society, there are fewer occasions for people to perceive the nee
44、d or the opportunity for change, because everything seems to be the same and, if not satisfactory, at least customary and undisputed. Within a society, social change is also likely to occur more frequently and more readily (1) in the material aspects of the culture than in the non-material, for exam
45、ple, in technology rather than in values; (2) in what has been learned later in life rather than what was learned early; (3) in the less basic, less emotional, or less sacred aspects of society than in their opposites, like religion or a system of prestige; (4) in the simple elements rather than in
46、the complex ones; (5) in form rather than in substance; and (6) in elements congenial to the culture rather than in strange elements. Furthermore, social change is easier if it is gradual. For example, it comes more readily in human relations on a continuous scale rather than one with sharp dichotom
47、ies. This is one reason why change has not come more quickly to Black Americans as compared to other American minorities, because of the sharp difference in appearance between them and their white counterparts. （分数：1.00）(1).According to the passage, the main difference between a homogeneous society and a heterogeneous one lies in（分数：0.50）A.the
