1、专业英语八级6及答案解析 (总分：76.99，做题时间：120分钟)一、PART I LISTENING (总题数：1，分数：1.00)Writing a Research Paper I . Research Paper and Ordinary Essay A) Similarity in (1) 1e. g. choosing a topic asking questions identifying the audience B) Difference mainly in terms of (2) 2 1. research paper: printed sources 2. ordin
2、ary essay: ideas in ones (3) 3 II. Types and Characteristics of Research Papers A) Number of basic types: two B) Characteristics: 1. survey-type paper: to gather (4) 4 to quote to (5) 5 The writer should be (6) 6 2. argumentative (research) paper: A) The writer should do more, e. g. to interpret to
3、question, etc. B) (7) varies with the topic, e.g. 7 to recommend an action, etc. III. How to Choose a Topic for a Research Paper In choosing a topic, it is important to (8 ) 8 Question No. 1: your familiarity with the topic Question No. 2: availability of relevant information on the chosen topic Que
4、stion No. 3: narrowing the topic down to(9) 9 Question No. 4: tasking questions about (10) 10 The questions help us to work our way into the topic and discover its possibilities. （分数：1.00）填空项1:_填空项1:_填空项1:_填空项1:_填空项1:_填空项1:_填空项1:_填空项1:_填空项1:_填空项1:_二、SECTION B INTERVI(总题数：1，分数：1.00)(1).In the first i
5、ncident, the couple had planned to spend their weekend together_.（分数：0.20）A.in BostonB.in New YorkC.in OsloD.in Washington(2).The couple foiled to meet each other as previously arranged due to_.（分数：0.20）A.the wifes early arrivalB.the husbands late arrivalC.a computer errorD.the receptionists neglige
6、nce(3).The 100-page-long leaflet the man speaker got at Oslo Airport contains_.（分数：0.20）A.funny information about restaurantsB.quite boring information about restaurantsC.totally useless information about restaurantsD.insufficient information about restaurants(4).The suitcase of the woman speakers c
7、olleague was blown up by the security police probably because（分数：0.20）A.it failed to pass the security checkB.it was suspected of containing a bombC.it contained dirty disease-carrying clothesD.it was suspected of containing smuggled goods(5).After finally boarding the faulty plane in the Far East,
8、the passengers all felt_.（分数：0.20）A.nervous and worriedB.sorry but helplessC.sick and scaredD.cheated and angry三、SECTION C NEWS BR(总题数：2，分数：1.00)2.Some voters will waste their ballots because （分数：0.50）A.they like neither candidate.B.they are all ill-informed.C.the candidates do not differ much.D.the
9、y do not want to vote twice.(1).According to the news, the Italian Parliament was asked to act by （分数：0.25）A.the U.N.B.the Red Cross.C.the Defense Minister.D.the Swedish Government.(2).On the issue of limited use of land mines, the Italian Parliament is（分数：0.25）A.noncommittal.B.resolute.C.unsupporti
10、ve.D.wavering.四、PART II GENERAL K(总题数：10，分数：10.00)3. The President during the American Civil War was_.（分数：1.00）A.Andrew Jackson.B.Abraham Lincoln.C.Thomas Jefferson.D.George Washington.4. The distinction between parole and langue was made by_.（分数：1.00）A.Halliday.B.Chomsky.C.Bloomfield.D.Saussure.5.
11、Which of the following is NOT a romantic poet?（分数：1.00）A.William Wordsworth.B.George Elliot.C.George G. Byron.D.Percy B. Shelley.6. _is the capital city of Canada.（分数：1.00）A.VancouverB.OttawaC.MontrealD.York7. The Prime Minister in Britain is head of_.（分数：1.00）A.the Shadow Cabinet.B.the Parliament.C
12、.the Opposition.D.the Cabinet.8. The capital of New Zealand is_.（分数：1.00）A.Christchurch.B.Auckland.C.Wellington.D.Hamilton.9. What essentially distinguishes semantics and pragmatics is the notion of_.（分数：1.00）A.reference.B.meaning.C.antonymy.D.context.10. Which of the following cities is NOT located
13、 in the Northeast, U. S. ?（分数：1.00）A.Huston.B.Boston.C.Baltimore.D.Philadelphia.11. _is defined as an expression of human emotion which is condensed into fourteen lines. _.（分数：1.00）A.Free verseB.SonnetC.OdeD.Epigram12. The novel For Whom the Bell Tolls is written by_.（分数：1.00）A.Scott Fitzgerald.B.Wi
14、lliam Faulkner.C.Eugene ONeill.D.Ernest Hemingway.五、PART III READING (总题数：4，分数：4.00)Despite Denmarks manifest virtues, Danes never talk about how proud they are to be Danes. This would sound weird in Danish. When Danes talk to foreigners about Denmark, they always begin by commenting on its tininess
15、, its unimportance, the difficulty of its language, the general small-mindedness and self-indulgence of their countrymen and the high taxes. No Dane would look you in the eye and say Denmark is a great country. Youre supposed to figure this out for yourself. It is the land of the silk safety net, wh
16、ere almost half the national budget goes toward smoothing out lifes inequalities, and there is plenty of money for schools, day care, retraining programs, job seminars - Danes love seminars: three days at a study center hearing about waste management is almost as good as a ski trip. It is a culture
17、bombarded by English, in advertising, pop music, the Internet, and despite all the English that Danish absorbs - there is no Danish Academy to defend against it - old dialects persist in Jutland that can barely be understood by Copenhageners. It is the land where, as the saying goes, Few have too mu
18、ch and fewer have too little, and a foreigner is struck by the sweet egalitarianism that prevails, where the lowliest clerk gives you a level gaze, where Sir and Madame have disappeared from common usage, even Mr. and Mrs. Its a nation of recyclers - about 55% of Danish garbage gets made into someth
19、ing new - and no nuclear power plants. Its a nation of tireless planners. Trains run on time. Things operate well in general. Such a nation of overachievers - a brochure from the Ministry of Business and Industry says, Denmark is one of the worlds cleanest and most organized countries, with virtuall
20、y no pollution, crime, or poverty. Denmark is the most corruption-free society in the Northern Hemisphere. So, of course, ones heart lifts at any sighting of Danish sleaze: skinhead graffiti on buildings (Foreigners Out of Denmark!), broken beer bottles in the gutters, drunken teenagers slumped in t
21、he park. Nonetheless, it is an orderly land. You drive through a Danish town, it comes to an end at a stone wall, and on the other side is a field of barley, a nice clean line: town here, country there. It is not a nation of jaywalkers. People stand on the curb and wait for the red light to change,
22、even if its 2 a.m. and theres not a car in sight. However, Danes dont think of themselves as a waiting-at-2-a.m.-for-the-green-light people - thats how they see Swedes and Germans. Danes see themselves as jazzy people, improvisers, more free spirited than Swedes, but the truth is (though one should
23、not say it) that Danes are very much like Germans and Swedes. Orderliness is a main selling point. Denmark has few natural resources, limited manufacturing capability; its future in Europe will be as a broker, banker, and distributor of goods. You send your goods by container ship to Copenhagen, and
24、 these bright, young, English-speaking, utterly honest, highly disciplined people will get your goods around to Scandinavia, the Baltic States, and Russia. Airports, seaports, highways, and rail lines are ultramodern and well-maintained. The orderliness of the society doesnt mean that Danish lives a
25、re less messy or lonely than yours or mine, and no Dane would tell you so. You can hear plenty about bitter family feuds and the sorrows of alcoholism and about perfectly sensible people who went off one day and killed themselves. An orderly society cannot exempt its members from the hazards of life
26、. But there is a sense of entitlement and security that Danes grow up with. Certain things are yours by virtue of citizenship, and you shouldnt feel bad for taking what youre entitled to, youre as good as anyone else. The rules of the welfare system are clear to everyone, the benefits you get if you
27、 lose your job, the steps you take to get a new one; and the orderliness of the system makes it possible for the country to weather high unemployment and social unrest without a sense of crisis. （分数：1.00）(1).The author thinks that Danes adopt a _ attitude towards their country.（分数：0.20）A.boastfulB.m
28、odestC.deprecatingD.mysterious(2).Which of the following is NOT a Danish characteristic cited in the passage?（分数：0.20）A.Fondness of foreign culture.B.Equality in society.C.Linguistic tolerance.D.Persistent planning.(3).The authors reaction to the statement by the Ministry of Business and Industry is
29、（分数：0.20）A.disapproving.B.approving.C.noncommittal.D.doubtful.(4).According to the passage, Danish orderliness（分数：0.20）A.sets the people apart from Germans and Swedes.B.spares Danes social troubles besetting other peoples.C.is considered economically essential to the country.D.prevents Danes from ac
30、knowledging existing troubles.(5).At the end of the passage the author states all the following EXCEPT that（分数：0.20）A.Danes are clearly informed of their social benefits.B.Danes take for granted what is given to them.C.the open system helps to tide the country over.D.orderliness has alleviated unemp
31、loyment.When former President Ronald Reagan fell and broke his hip at the age of 89, he joined a group of more than 350, 000 elderly Americans who fracture their hips each year. Suffering from advanced Alzheimers disease, Reagan was in one of the highest-risk groups for this type of accident. The in
32、cidence of hip fractures not only increases after age 50, but doubles every five to six years as the risk of falling increases. Slipping and tumbling are not the only causes of hip fractures; weakened bones sometimes break spontaneously. But falling is the major cause, representing 90% of all hip fr
33、actures. These injuries are not to be taken lightly. According to the American Academy of Orthopedic Surgeons, only 25% of those who suffer hip fractures ever fully recover; as many as 20% will die within 12 months. Even when patients do recover, nearly half will need a cane or a walker to get aroun
34、d. When it comes to hip fractures, the most dangerous place for elderly Americans, it turns out, is their homes; nearly 60% of these dangerous spills will occur in or around the patients domicile. This isnt all bad news, however, because a few modifications could prevent a lot of accidents. The firs
35、t thing to do is to get rid of those throw rugs that line hallways and entrances. They often fold over or bunch up, turning them into booby traps for anyone shuffling down the hall. Entering and leaving the house is a particularly high-risk activity, which is why some experts suggest removing any do
36、orsills higher than 1/2 in. If the steps are bare wood, you can increase traction by applying non-slip treads. Because many seniors suffer from poor balance (whether from neurological deficits or from the inner-ear problems that increase naturally with aging), it also helps to install grab bars and
37、handrails in bathrooms and along hallways. The bedroom is another major hazard area that can be made much safer with a few adjustments. Avoid satin sheets and comforters, and opt for non-slip material like wool or cotton. Easy access to devices is important, so place a lamp, telephone and flashlight
38、 near the bed within arms reach. Make sure the pathway between the bedroom and bathroom is completely clear, and install a night-light along the route for those emergency late-night trips. Its a good idea to rearrange the furniture throughout the house, so that the paths between rooms are free of ob
39、structions. Also, make sure telephone and appliance cords arent strung across common walkways, where they can be tripped over. In addition to these physical precautions, there the health precautions every aging body should take. Physical and eye examinations, with special attention to cardiac and bl
40、ood-pressure problems, should be performed annually to rule out serious medical conditions. Blood pressure thats too low or an irregular heartbeat can put you at risk for fainting and falling. Dont forget to take calcium and vitamin D, two critical factors in developing strong bones. Finally, enroll
41、ing in an exercise programme at your local gym can improve agility, strength, balance and coordinationall important skills that can keep you on your feet and off the floor. （分数：0.99）(1). The following are all specific measures to guard against injuries with the EXCEPTION of _.（分数：0.33）A.removal of t
42、hrow rugs.B.easy access to devices.C.installation of grab bars.D.re-arrangement of furniture.(2). In which paragraph does the author state his purpose of writing?（分数：0.33）A.The third paragraph.B.The first paragraph.C.The last paragraph.D.The last but one paragraph.(3). The main purpose of the passag
43、e is to_.（分数：0.33）A.offer advice on how to prevent hip fractures.B.emphasize the importance of health precautions.C.discuss the seriousness of hip fractures.D.identify the causes of hip fractures.The University in transformation, edited by Australian futurists Sohail Inayatullah and Jennifer Gidley,
44、 presents some 20 highly varied outlooks on tomorrows universities by writers representing both Western and non-Western perspectives. Their essays raise a broad range of issues, questioning nearly every key assumption we have about higher education today. The most widely discussed alternative to the
45、 traditional campus is the Internet Universitya voluntary community to scholars/teachers physically scattered throughout a country or around the world but all linked in cyberspace. A computerized university could have many advantages, such as easy scheduling, efficient delivery of lectures to thousa
46、nds or even millions of students at once, and ready access for students everywhere to the resources of all the worlds great libraries. Yet the Internet University poses dangers, too. For example, a line of franchised courseware, produced by a few superstar teachers, marketed under the brand name of
47、a famous institution, and heavily advertised, might eventually come to dominate the global education market, warns sociology professor Peter Manicas of the University of Hawaii at Manoa. Besides enforcing a rigidly standardized curriculum, such a college education in a box could undersell the offerings of many traditional brick and mortar institutions, effectively driving them out of business and throwing thousands of career academics
