1、专业英语四级-52及答案解析 (总分：100.00，做题时间：90分钟)一、完形填空(总题数：3，分数：100.00)A study found that the radiation from CT scansthe tests regularly used to 1 internal injuries or signs of canceris likely 2 for 2 percent of cancer cases in the United States. 3 lots of Americans undergo CT scans, that research is unlikely t
2、o 4 in doctors offices: Two-thirds of patients in a new JAMA study reported 5 nothing of the risks of the diagnostic procedure. 6 , 17 percent felt like they played an active role in a discussion 7 , whether this diagnostic test was the best path forward. Our study indicates that most decisions to u
3、ndergo outpatient CT are 8 by physicians and risk communication is 9 , a team of researchers led by University of Colorados Tanner Caverly writes. The risk communication that took place had limited 10 : respondents who recalled discussing the benefits and risks of imaging did not have better 11 . Wo
4、uld a conversation about the 12 risks have made a difference? Caverlys team asked a few other questions 13 suggest it would: Patients undergoing the scan have little idea about the radiation 14 . One-quarter self-identified radiation as a risk of a CT scan; 37 percent were able to identify CT scans
5、as having a higher level of radiation 15 a chest x-ray. Theres a growing movement in medicine right now to 16 on unnecessary treatment or 17 of care. Much of this has been led by a group called Choosing Wisely, which has 18 with dozens of medical societies to come up with lists of 19 that doctors th
6、emselves dont think they ought to be using. One of their key messages is that more care isnt necessarily better; all medicine comes with some level of risk. That message does not, 20 , seem to be delivered in the doctors offices studied here.（分数：40.00）A.decideB.detectC.defendD.deferA.illegalB.visibl
7、eC.notoriousD.responsibleA.WhenB.WhileC.UnlessD.IfA.come upB.come offC.come outD.come downA.seeingB.tellingC.hearingD.feelingA.MeanwhileB.HoweverC.ThereforeD.SubsequentlyA.toB.withC.inD.overA.madeB.reachedC.facedD.refusedA.non-conventionalB.infrequentC.unusualD.abnormalA.potentialB.impactC.outcomeD.
8、capacityA.acquaintanceB.instructionC.knowledgeD.skillA.negligibleB.considerableC.distinguishedD.potentialA./B.thisC.whatD.thatA.involvedB.deprivedC.possessedD.occupiedA.thatB.thanC.whichD.asA.set backB.cut backC.fall backD.bring backA.overdoseB.oversupplyC.overuseD.overflowA.conformedB.compliedC.col
9、laboratedD.coincidedA.proceduresB.processesC.subjectsD.provisionsA.henceB.indeedC.moreoverD.howeverThe most vocal opponents of immigration reform say its not just the fear of 21 jobs to foreign workers that 22 their cause, but also a genuine concern for the welfare of immigrants who are 23 to be exp
10、loited by employers who want 24 labor to pad their bottom line. Its a concern that pro-immigration advocates say they shareand that a new controversy 25 foreign student labor at McDonalds has 26 the spotlight. McDonalds is under 27 for allegedly exploiting foreign students whom the company brought t
11、o the United States on three-month J-1 visas, which are 28 to foster cross-cultural exchanges for international youth to 29 life in this country. The Wall Street Journal reports that 15 foreign students brought over on the program filed 30 with the State and Labor departments that alleged various wo
12、rker abuses. The students allege that they were paid less than the 31 wage, lived in substandard housing, and were threatened 32 termination or deportation 33 they voiced concerns. Immigration reforms opponents believe such cases are proof 34 employers just want more workers they can force to labor
13、under substandard conditions. 35 the controversy at McDonalds, foreign student workers under the same J-1 program recently 36 a Hersheys plant for exploitation. The 37 is a deep concern for labor unions who 38 immigration as well. That said, many immigration advocates argue that temporary-worker pro
14、grams can still be 39 but only if theyre 40 to adequate government oversight and regulation.（分数：40.00）A.payingB.gettingC.losingD.creatingA.exploitsB.declaresC.contributesD.fuelsA.likelyB.probableC.partialD.obligedA.educatedB.foreignC.cheapD.unskilledA.overB.amongC.fromD.withA.pushed intoB.converted
15、intoC.transformed intoD.moved intoA.argueB.fireC.rallyD.fearA.settledB.inspiredC.determinedD.intendedA.exposeB.experienceC.exploreD.noticeA.dissatisfactionB.objectionsC.complaintsD.moansA.mediumB.maximumC.moderateD.minimumA.withB.byC.overD.fromA.beforeB.afterC.unlessD.untilA.whatB.howC.thatD.whichA.
16、Because ofB.More thanC.Except forD.In addition toA.protestedB.suggestedC.predictedD.provedA.accidentB.issueC.occasionD.problemA.opposeB.denyC.supportD.acceptA.troublesomeB.powerfulC.awesomeD.successfulA.resistantB.subjectC.immuneD.proneThe difference between writer and reporter or journalist isnt th
17、at the journalist reportsshe 41 sources, calls people, takes them out to lunch, and 42 acts as an intermediary between her audience and the world of experts. The journalist also writes, of course, but anybody can write. 43 few can get their calls returned by key congressmen, top academics, important
18、 CEOs. That is the powerful advantage that the journalist has 44 her audience: Shes got sources and they dont. 45 the transaction between the journalist and the audience is that the journalist has the time, talent, and 46 to clearly communicate the ideas of newsmakers and experts, 47 then is the tra
19、nsaction between the journalist and those newsmakers and experts? 48 , the journalist, and her institution, are profiting, hopefully handsomely, off their contribution to the enterprise. Its not going too 49 to say that the whole business would collapse without their 50 . Journalists without sources
20、 are, well, 51 writers. 52 , those sources are giving up something of value. Theyre giving up 53 , for one thing. Some fine folks have spent countless hours 54 me through the details of the federal budget. Theyre giving up information that, in other 55 , people pay them forconsider a CEO who gives p
21、aid lectures or a life-long academic at a private college. They are 56 themselves to considerable professional risk, both by telling the journalist things theyre not supposed to share and simply by making themselves 57 to being misinterpreted in public. 58 how does the journalist compensate these so
22、urces? Well, the 59 answer in a market economy would be that the sources to get paid. But, in a brilliant maneuver, journalism as a profession has deemed it 60 to pay sources for information.（分数：20.00）A.designsB.fostersC.developsD.cultivatesA.generallyB.innocentlyC.intentionallyD.incidentallyA.Simil
23、arlyB.ConsequentlyC.AndD.ButA.overB.behindC.fromD.byA.What ifB.IfC.Only ifD.Even ifA.appealB.pathC.accessD.charmA.whoB.howC.whatD.whichA.After allB.NeverthelessC.OtherwiseD.HoweverA.farB.awayC.moderateD.unusualA.presentationB.appreciationC.participationD.comprehensionA.mereB.trueC.bareD.simpleA.Howe
24、verB.MoreoverC.IndeedD.ThereforeA.benefitB.timeC.reputationD.energyA.walkingB.walkC.to walkD.walkedA.territoriesB.rangesC.scopesD.contextsA.exploitingB.exposingC.subjectingD.referringA.vulnerableB.variableC.invisibleD.defendableA.In shortB.YetC.IndeedD.SoA.principalB.naturalC.essentialD.specificA.un
25、faithfulB.unpracticalC.unethicalD.unqualified专业英语四级-52答案解析 (总分：100.00，做题时间：90分钟)一、完形填空(总题数：3，分数：100.00)A study found that the radiation from CT scansthe tests regularly used to 1 internal injuries or signs of canceris likely 2 for 2 percent of cancer cases in the United States. 3 lots of Americans u
26、ndergo CT scans, that research is unlikely to 4 in doctors offices: Two-thirds of patients in a new JAMA study reported 5 nothing of the risks of the diagnostic procedure. 6 , 17 percent felt like they played an active role in a discussion 7 , whether this diagnostic test was the best path forward.
27、Our study indicates that most decisions to undergo outpatient CT are 8 by physicians and risk communication is 9 , a team of researchers led by University of Colorados Tanner Caverly writes. The risk communication that took place had limited 10 : respondents who recalled discussing the benefits and
28、risks of imaging did not have better 11 . Would a conversation about the 12 risks have made a difference? Caverlys team asked a few other questions 13 suggest it would: Patients undergoing the scan have little idea about the radiation 14 . One-quarter self-identified radiation as a risk of a CT scan
29、 37 percent were able to identify CT scans as having a higher level of radiation 15 a chest x-ray. Theres a growing movement in medicine right now to 16 on unnecessary treatment or 17 of care. Much of this has been led by a group called Choosing Wisely, which has 18 with dozens of medical societies
30、 to come up with lists of 19 that doctors themselves dont think they ought to be using. One of their key messages is that more care isnt necessarily better; all medicine comes with some level of risk. That message does not, 20 , seem to be delivered in the doctors offices studied here.（分数：40.00）A.de
31、cideB.detectC.defendD.defer解析：解析 根据常识，CT是用来检测内部损伤或癌症迹象的，detect意为“查明”，符合语义。decide“决定”；defend“防卫”；defer“推迟”。A.illegalB.visibleC.notoriousD.responsible解析：解析 由下一段的the risks of the diagnostic procedure(诊断过程存在的风险)，推测此处表示“美国2%的癌症病例可能与CT扫描中的辐射有关”，be responsible for“形成的原因”符合语境。illegal“不合法的”；visible“看得见的”；not
32、orious“臭名远扬的”。A.WhenB.WhileC.UnlessD.If解析：解析 此处填入连词，表明前后句子的逻辑关系。前句讲很多美国人在接受CT扫描，后句讲这项研究不太可能出现在医生的办公室，前后形成对照。while可表对照关系，故选B。A.come upB.come offC.come outD.come down解析：解析 首段提到研究发现美国2%的癌症病例可能与CT扫描中的辐射有关，这里又讲很多美国人在接受CT扫描，可见，该研究不可能出现在医生办公室，故选come up“出现”。come off“成功”；come out“出来”；come down“下来”。A.seeingB.
33、tellingC.hearingD.feeling解析：解析 上一句提到“有大量的美国人接受CT扫描”，因此推断此处表示“三分之二的病人不知CT扫描诊断过程存在的风险”，因此选hear nothing of.表示“没有听说”。A.MeanwhileB.HoweverC.ThereforeD.Subsequently解析：解析 空格后意为“17%的病人认为他们在讨论这项诊断是否是最好的诊断途径中起到积极作用”，这和上句讲的“他们没有听说CT扫描诊断过程存在的风险”属并列关系，故用meanwhile“同时”。A.toB.withC.inD.over解析：解析 空格后“这项诊断是否是最好的诊断途径中
34、起着积极作用”是讨论的内容，故选over“关于”。A.madeB.reachedC.facedD.refused解析：解析 make decisions为固定搭配，表示“做决定”，选A。reach“到达”；face“面对”；refuse“拒绝”。A.non-conventionalB.infrequentC.unusualD.abnormal解析：解析 由下一句的limited可以看出关于风险的讨论较少，故选infrequent“不频繁的”。non-conventional“非传统的”；unusual“不寻常的”；abnormal“反常的”。A.potentialB.impactC.outco
35、meD.capacity解析：解析 上一句说研究队伍指出病人和医生之间很少进行风险讨论，这里承接上文讲“即使有进行风险讨论，其_是有限的”，选项中只有impact“影响”填入文中句意通顺，故选B。potential“潜能”；outcome“后果”；capacity“容量”。A.acquaintanceB.instructionC.knowledgeD.skill解析：解析 这里进一步说明风险讨论的影响有限，意即“受访者对CT的好处和风险没有更深的了解”，因此选knowledge“了解”。acquaintance“粗略了解”；instruction“指令”；skill“技能”。A.negligi
36、bleB.considerableC.distinguishedD.potential解析：解析 上文围绕CT扫描的风险展开论述，根据语境，这里应该填入potential“潜在的”，表示“潜在风险”。negligible“可忽略的”；considerable“相当大的”；distinguished“卓越的”。A./B.thisC.whatD.that解析：解析 分析句子结构，空格应填入定语从句引导词，从句缺主语，故选that。A.involvedB.deprivedC.possessedD.occupied解析：解析 句意为“接受扫描的病人对_辐射一无所知”，involved“涉及的”填入文中
37、表示“涉及的辐射”，符合语境。deprived“被剥夺的”；possessed“拥有的”；occupied“已占用的”。A.thatB.thanC.whichD.as解析：解析 根据空格前的higher，可确定此处选than。A.set backB.cut backC.fall backD.bring back解析：解析 由后面的宾语unnecessary treatment“不必要的治疗”可知，此处应填入cut back，表示“减少”。A.overdoseB.oversupplyC.overuseD.overflow解析：解析 “_ of care”与unnecessary treatme
38、nt并列，因此空格处填入的词应含有unnecessary的含义，overuse“过度使用”符合语境。overdose“过量用药”；oversupply“供给过多”；overflow“泛滥”。A.conformedB.compliedC.collaboratedD.coincided解析：解析 由下文的to come up with lists of.可推断，二者应该是一起干某件事情，collaborate with意为“与合作”符合语境。conform with“与确认”；comply with“遵从”；coincide with“与一致”。A.proceduresB.processesC.s
39、ubjectsD.provisions解析：解析 根据从句“医生自己都觉得不该使用”及上文的unnecessary treatment，可知这里应填入procedure“程序”。process意为“过程”；subject“主题”；provision“规定”。A.henceB.indeedC.moreoverD.however解析：解析 前句讲他们传达的一个重要信息是“过多的护理并不一定就更好”；后句则讲这个信息似乎并没有传达到医生的办公室，可见前后存在转折关系，选D。The most vocal opponents of immigration reform say its not just
40、the fear of 21 jobs to foreign workers that 22 their cause, but also a genuine concern for the welfare of immigrants who are 23 to be exploited by employers who want 24 labor to pad their bottom line. Its a concern that pro-immigration advocates say they shareand that a new controversy 25 foreign st
41、udent labor at McDonalds has 26 the spotlight. McDonalds is under 27 for allegedly exploiting foreign students whom the company brought to the United States on three-month J-1 visas, which are 28 to foster cross-cultural exchanges for international youth to 29 life in this country. The Wall Street J
42、ournal reports that 15 foreign students brought over on the program filed 30 with the State and Labor departments that alleged various worker abuses. The students allege that they were paid less than the 31 wage, lived in substandard housing, and were threatened 32 termination or deportation 33 they
43、 voiced concerns. Immigration reforms opponents believe such cases are proof 34 employers just want more workers they can force to labor under substandard conditions. 35 the controversy at McDonalds, foreign student workers under the same J-1 program recently 36 a Hersheys plant for exploitation. Th
44、e 37 is a deep concern for labor unions who 38 immigration as well. That said, many immigration advocates argue that temporary-worker programs can still be 39 but only if theyre 40 to adequate government oversight and regulation.（分数：40.00）A.payingB.gettingC.losingD.creating解析：解析 空格前提到“移民改革”，这会让更多外国人
45、成为合法移民，从而使得一些本国人失去工作，因此选lose“失去”。A.exploitsB.declaresC.contributesD.fuels解析：解析 本句为强调句，强调主语the fear of.(失去工作的恐惧)，而宾语为their cause(他们反对的理由)，fuel“激起”代入空格，句意通顺。exploit“开采”；declare“宣布”；contribute“贡献出”，常与介词to连用。A.likelyB.probableC.partialD.obliged解析：解析 前文说到反对者出于对移民福利的担忧，空格后说移民遭受雇主的剥削。likely“可能的”，常以be likely to结构出现，其主语可以是人也可以是物，符合句意及用法要求。obliged“被迫”，这里主要表达反对者的担扰，而移民并非被迫受剥削；probable“可能的”，其主语不能用人来充当；partial“不公的，偏袒的”。A.educatedB.foreignC.cheapD.unskilled解析：解析 immigrants后的定语从句说明移民可能被雇主剥削，可见，雇主应该是想获取廉价劳动力
