1、专业英语四级-66及答案解析 (总分：100.00，做题时间：90分钟)一、READING COMPREHENSIO(总题数：0，分数：0.00)二、TEXT A(总题数：2，分数：25.00)An Indian website, , set up last summer by anti-corruption activists, reveals just how greedy officials can be. It has documented over 8,500 instances of bribery adding up to nearly 375m rupees. These in
2、clude 100 rupees to get a policeman to register a complaint about a stolen mobile phone and 500 rupees for a clerk to hand over a marriage certificate. The amounts are much larger to facilitate income-tax refunds, where the standard charge is 10%; sums between 5,000 and 50,000 rupees change hands. B
3、ut such initiatives can do little beyond allowing people to vent their anger about corruption. Kaushik Basu, the chief economic adviser to Indias finance ministry, suggests that this may be partly because the law treats both bribe-giving and bribe-taking as crimes. This makes it hard to blow the whi
4、stle on corrupt officials, because the bribe-giver has also broken the law. In a provocative paper based on game theory, Mr Basu argues for the legalisation of some kinds of bribe-giving. His proposal has caused a furious debate in India, with television channels even assembling panels to discuss it
5、. Some thunder that the economist is condoning (宽恕) corruption. But Mr Basu makes clear that paying an official to bend the rules in ones favour should continue to be illegal. The category of payments he would like to legalise are harassment bribes, made by a person to get things to which he is lega
6、lly entitled. In such cases, Mr Basu argues, the giver should be granted immunity (豁免) from prosecution and a proven complaint should result not only in punishment for the corrupt official but also in a refund for the bribe-giver. These steps, he believes, will give bribery victims the confidence to
7、 lodge complaints and encouraging them to hang on to evidence of bribery. Fear of being caught should make officials more wary of asking for bribes in the first place. This sounds promising in theory. But Indias courts are notoriously slow. Jean Drze, an Indian development economist, thinks that the
8、 difficulty of pursuing a legal case against a corrupt official may mean that few will complain. If so, Mr Basus idea may unintentionally result in an increase in the incidence of corruption. At least some people who would earlier have refused when asked for a bribe, Mr Drze thinks, would now pay up
9、. Yet when the bribes are for things that are their due, refusal to pay is unrealistic for most people. The tone of those posting on the bribe-reporting website suggest that people are keen to strike back at corrupt officials. Because Mr Basus idea should make this easier, it is worth considering. S
10、o are steps such as moving more transactions online, to reduce contact with officials. Fighting corruption will need more than one clever idea.（分数：12.50）(1).The author points out that may NOT be effective in _.（分数：2.50）A.revealing the phenomenon of corruptionB.exposing the greedy officials to the p
11、ublicC.expressing peoples anger over corruptionD.getting the greedy officials punished by law(2).In Para. 2, Mr Basu suggests that some kinds of bribe-giving should be _.（分数：2.50）A.strongly condemnedB.encouraged by the governmentC.punished slightlyD.exempted from prosecution(3).The harassment bribes
12、 are the bribes that are made in order to _.（分数：2.50）A.bend the rules in ones favorB.get what is entitled by lawC.obtain some privilegesD.cause trouble for the officials(4).Jean Drze most probably agrees that Mr Basus idea is _.（分数：2.50）A.unreasonableB.thoughtlessC.impracticalD.ridiculous(5).As it i
13、s mentioned in the last paragraph, most people dont refuse to give a bribe when _.（分数：2.50）A.they are denied what they deserveB.they are forced to do soC.their complaints will be handled quicklyD.other people do the sameI was in nay third year of teaching creative writing at Ralph McKee Vocational S
14、chool in Staten Island, New York, when one of my students, 16-year-old Mikey, gave me a note from his mother. It explained his absence from class the day before. I had seen Mikey writing the note at his desk, using his left hand to disguise his handwriting. I said nothing. Most parental-excuse notes
15、 I received back in those days were penned by my students. Theyd been forging excuse notes since they learned to write, and if I were to confront each forger Id be busy 24 hours a day. I threw Mikeys note into a desk drawer along with dozens of other notes. While my classes took a test, I decided to
16、 read all the notes Id only glanced at before. I made two piles, one for the genuine ones written by mothers, the other for forgeries. The second was the larger pile, with writing that ranged from imaginative to lunatic. I was having an idea. Isnt it remarkable, I thought, how the students complaine
17、d and said it was hard putting 200 words together on any subject? But when they forged excuse notes, they were brilliant. The notes I had could be turned into a collection of Great American Excuses. They were samples of talent never mentioned in song, story or study. How could I have ignored these g
18、ems of fiction and fantasy? Here was American high school writing at its bestraw, real, urgent, brief, and lying. I read: The stove caught fire and the wallpaper went up and the fire department kept us out of the house all night. Arnold was getting off the train and the door closed on his school bag
19、 and the train took it away. He yelled to the conductor who said very vulgar things as the train drove away. His sisters dog ate his homework and I hope it chokes him. The writers of these notes didnt realize that honest excuse notes were usually dull: Peter was late because the alarm clock didnt go
20、 off. One day I typed out a dozen excuse notes and distributed them to my senior classes. The students read them silently, intently. Mr. McCourt, who wrote these? asked one boy. You did, I said. I omitted names to protect the guilty. Theyre supposed to be written by parents, but you and I know the r
21、eal authors. Yes, Mikey? So what are we supposed to do? This is the first class to study the art of the excuse notethe first class, ever, to practice writing them. Youre so lucky to have a teacher like me who has taken your best writing and turned it into a subject worthy of study. Everyone smiled a
22、s I went on, You didnt settle for the old alarm clock story. You used your imaginations. So try it now. Imagine you have a 15-year-old who needs an excuse for falling behind in English. The students produced excuses, ranging from a 16-wheeler crashing into a house to a severe case of food poisoning
23、blamed on the school cafeteria. They said, More, more. Can we do more? So I said, Id like you to write And I finished, An Excuse Note from Adam to God or An Excuse Note from Eve to God. Heads went down. Pens raced across paper. Before long the bell rang. For the first time ever I saw students so imm
24、ersed in their writing they had to be urged to go to lunch by their friends.（分数：12.50）(1).What was the authors attitude towards students forging excuse notes?（分数：2.50）A.He found it quite understandable.B.He was indifferent to this phenomenon.C.He was aware of its prevalence.D.He regarded it as a min
25、or mistake.(2).By saying that I was having an idea (Para. 4), the author means that _.（分数：2.50）A.he began to realize the students writing talentB.he began to understand the students complaintsC.he would read all the excuse notes to the whole classD.he would incorporate the excuse notes into his clas
26、s(3).Mikey was mentioned by the author _.（分数：2.50）A.as an example of those who forged excuse notesB.as a warning to those who forged excuse notesC.because Mikey wasnt good at writingD.because Mikey didnt admit his fault(4).The author found that compared with the genuine excuse notes, the forged ones
27、 were usually _.（分数：2.50）A.less impressiveB.more imaginativeC.better-writtenD.less convincing(5).The author had the students practice writing excuse notes so that the students could learn _.（分数：2.50）A.the importance of being honestB.how to write excuse notes skillfullyC.the merits of creative writin
28、gD.how to be creative in writing三、TEXT B(总题数：2，分数：25.00)One August afternoon, Peaches gave birth to 14 puppies. The kids were thrilled. But it crossed my mind once or twice that I had no idea how wed find good homes for so many adorable mutts. The father was a purebred golden retriever (寻回猎犬). And n
29、ot until now had I wondered why Roberta, who gave Peaches to us, had named her in the plural. Peaches didnt resemble a peach, either. She was jet black with long retriever hair, an agreeable blend of many breeds. But she was indeed a peach, although once when her round pups were lined against her tu
30、mmy, we affectionately called her Pea Pod, and that name pretty much stuck. The kids and I had a blast with the pups, but as our cuddly friends grew, the cleanup job on the backyard lawn increased as well. I usually ended up with the chore after the kids had left for school in the morning, and after
31、 eight weeks the job was getting old. Besides, the time had come to start to get them settled into permanent homes. So one weekend the kids and I piled into the van, puppies in the rear, playfully biting each others ears and tails, and we headed for the local humane society. But in northern Californ
32、ia at that time, shelters were full of animals, and if they werent adopted quickly they were put to sleep. I tried stifling that bit of information, but it wouldnt stay submerged; I cried the whole way. When we arrived at the shelter, I dried my tears and smoothed my puffy eyes. I walked alone up to
33、 the counter and cheerfully announced I had 14 wonderful puppies for them. The woman, without looking up from her paperwork, roared, We dont take puppies. I cried all the way home, this time with tears of relief. So I placed an ad for free puppies in the newspaper. I dont think we got a single phone
34、 call. In the meantime, the kids and pups grew more inseparable. Only Happy and Callie, our two cats, were allowed to spend the nights inside, but from the giggling and the look of the blankets in the morning, some pups had been overlooked at bedtime. The gate on our backyard fence opened onto the e
35、lementary schools grass field. Every afternoon, scores of kids arrived to play soccer. The children loved it when their games were over, for then I would open the floodgate, releasing 14 roly-poly, tail-wagging puppies for them to play with. Surely a parent wouldnt mind taking one or two home? The p
36、arents loved the pups, too; but their disciplined ability to decline our offering amazed me. Certainly the divine plan could not have been for us to keep all 14 puppies, even if they had been given perfect names. I desperately searched the heavens for a solution. The odd idea came to put another ad
37、in the paper, this time asking $10 for each puppy. It worked. Placing a value on the mutts somehow had an effect. I made a deal with the kids: If they would prepare the puppy food and clean up the yard every day until all the puppies had homes, I would give them each, in turn, $10 for every pup sold
38、. When he was about 11 weeks old, the last puppyBoots, with four white sockshad gone. It was a sad day; the yard was much too quiet. So Saturday morning I had the kids get their money jars out. They proudly carried their savings as I drove them to their favorite placethe toy store. The dog pound mig
39、ht have seemed easier. But I liked this ending much better.（分数：15.00）(1).As it is mentioned in the passage, Peaches _.（分数：2.50）A.was the name of a purebred golden retrieverB.included a group of new-born puppiesC.got her name for an unknown reasonD.was one of the two dogs the author had(2).By saying
40、The kids and I had a blast with the pups, the author means that _.（分数：2.50）A.the pups were a burden to the familyB.the pups kept the family occupiedC.the family quarreled over how to deal with the pupsD.the family was delighted with the birth of the pups(3).The author cried on the way home to the lo
41、cal humane society because _.（分数：2.50）A.she hated to have to send away the dogsB.the dogs might end up being killed in the sheltersC.the shelters might refuse to take the dogsD.the new owners might maltreat the dogs(4).What happened when some pups were overlooked at bedtime?（分数：2.50）A.They would spe
42、nd the night in the house.B.They would be separated from the kids.C.They would fight with the two cats.D.They would mess up the blankets.(5).How many times had the author failed before she was able to send away all the pups?（分数：2.50）A.Once.B.Twice.C.Three times.D.Four times.(6).The author rewarded t
43、he kids with money because _.（分数：2.50）A.they thought out the best ideaB.they helped look after the pupsC.the pups were their inseparable friendsD.the money equaled the value of each pupThe use of nitrous oxide, or laughing gas during childbirth fell out of favor in the United States decades ago, and
44、 just two hospitalsone in San Francisco and one in Seattlestill offer it. But interest in returning the dentist office staple to the delivery room is growing: respected hospitals including Dartmouth-Hitchcock Medical Center plan to start offering it, the federal government is reviewing it, and after
45、 a long break, the equipment needed to administer it is expected to hit the market soon. Lori Rowell, due to give birth to her second child in June, is interested in the option. I would definitely think about it, and read about and talk to my doctor about it, said Rowell, 36, of Concord. It is nice
46、to know that it doesnt affect the baby. Though laughing gas is commonly used for labor pain relief in Canada, Great Britain and other countries, its been all but abandoned in the United States in favor of other options, said Judith Bishop, a certified nurse midwife at the University of California Sa
47、n Francisco Medical Center and leader in the effort to reintroduce laughing gas for labor. In this country, most people when they hear about laughing gas, they think it sounds pretty retro (重新流行的), that it sounds very old-fashioned and theyre sure theres something bad or dangerous about it and we mu
48、stve chosen to eliminate it. But I think we eliminated it because we went for the more specialized, higher-tech options, said Bishop, who will be among the speakers Monday at a conference for New Hampshire, Vermont and Maine hospital officials. She and other advocates of reintroducing laughing gas emphasize that it is no silver bulletit takes the edge off pain rather than elimina
