1、专业英语四级-69及答案解析 (总分：100.00，做题时间：90分钟)一、READING COMPREHENSIO(总题数：0，分数：0.00)二、TEXT A(总题数：2，分数：22.50)The poor old consumer! Hed have to pay a great deal more if advertising didnt create mass markets for products. It is precisely because of the heavy advertising that consumer goods are so cheap. But we g
2、et the wrong idea if we think the only purpose of advertising is to sell goods. Another equally important function is to inform. A great deal of the knowledge we have about household goods derives largely from the advertisements we read. Advertisements introduce us to new products or remind us of th
3、e existence of ones we already know about. Supposing you wanted to buy a washing machine, it is more than likely you would obtain details regarding performance, price, etc., from an advertisement. Lots of people pretend that they never read advertisements, but this claim may be seriously doubted. It
4、 is hardly possible not to read advertisements these days. And what fun they often are, too! Just think what a railway station or a newspaper would be like without advertisements. Would you enjoy gazing at a blank wall or reading railway bylaws while waiting for a train? Would you like to read only
5、closely-printed columns of news in your daily paper? A cheerful, witty advertisement makes such a difference to a drab wall or a newspaper full of the daily ration of calamities. We must not forget, either, that advertising makes a positive contribution to our pockets. Newspapers, commercial radio a
6、nd television companies could not subsist without this source of revenue. The fact that we pay so little for our daily paper, or can enjoy so many broadcast programs is due entirely to the money spent by advertisers. Just think what a newspaper would cost if we had to pay its full price! Another thi
7、ng we mustnt forget is the small ads, which are in virtually every newspaper and magazine. What a tremendously useful service they perform for the community! Just about anything can be accomplished through these columns. For instance, you can find a job, buy or sell a house, announce a birth, marria
8、ge or death in what used to be called the hatch, match and dispatch column but by far the most fascinating section is the personal or agony column. No other item in a newspaper provides such entertaining reading or offers such a deep insight into human nature. Its the best advertisement for advertis
9、ing there is!（分数：12.50）(1).We are different from the old consumers in that _.（分数：2.50）A.we have cheap goods because of heavy advertisingB.we know to inform is one of the functions of advertisingC.we have much knowledge about household goodsD.we believe the only purpose of advertising is to sell good
10、s(2).What does advertising do with the products we already know about?（分数：2.50）A.To introduce their new functions.B.To compare them with new products of the same sort.C.To tell that they are still available.D.To correct any impropriate information about them.(3).The railway bylaws most probably refe
11、r to _.（分数：2.50）A.newspapers published by railway companyB.lengthy regulations of the railway companyC.boring advertisements about useless productsD.cheerful and witty advertisements on the station(4).By saying that advertising makes a positive contribution to our pockets, the author means that _.（分
12、数：2.50）A.advertisements are informativeB.advertisements are entertainingC.advertisements save money for consumersD.advertisements serve the whole community(5).Which of the following statements is true about the agony column?（分数：2.50）A.It is classified as a kind of small ads.B.It is included in the h
13、atch, match and dispatch column.C.It mainly consists of distressful news.D.It provides most helpful advertisements for households.Because of computers and cable television, the members of the audience will soon be more than watchers. They will be able to do more than choose their programs. They will
14、 also be able to give feedback on them. Two-way TV is not a dream. The hardware for such a two-way system already exists. One experimental group of cable-television watchers is called Qube in Columbus, Ohio. Qube has thirty channels. Members pay for what they watch. The choice of programs includes e
15、verything from sports to childrens shows, from TV games to anthropology. Most importantly, however, the viewers can talk back. A book-sized box of buttons makes it possible. For example, after a program, the announcer might ask for the opinion of the audience. The audience can respond by pushing but
16、tons. An electronic signal goes to a bank of computers at the Qube station. Almost instantly, the data are analyzed, and the viewers see the results on their TV sets. A nationwide Qube system would have many uses. Government leaders could use it to get feedback from the people. It could even be used
17、 for voting. Furthermore, teachers in television classrooms could communicate with their unseen students. A television communication system would have a great influence on a country. For example, after a talk about a new product, an announcer could ask the audience for opinions. Would they buy the p
18、roduct? During a talk by a government leader, the announcer could ask the audience to talk back. The leader would know whether the audience believed him or not. The communication-computer system is possible because of glass. The same material that is used in windows can carry information. Glass stri
19、ngs as fine as hair are being used in telephone wires. One glass string, which now carries only telephone signals, could connect a house to a central computer bank. Many different kinds of information could also travel on it. All of the telephone messages, a number of TV shows, and computer services
20、 could flow through the glass at the same time. The home TV screen could act as a computer cathode ray tube. It could give any information that had been stored in it. For example, instead of an advertisement in the newspaper, a supermarket could put an ad on the computer. The person at home could as
21、k the system for the ad, read it, and other groceries all at one time. The television set could connect a person to all other parts of the world.（分数：10.00）(1).Thanks to computers and cable TV, _.（分数：2.50）A.there will be more audience than watchersB.the audience will have more programs to chooseC.the
22、 viewers can do more than watching programsD.the watchers will become listeners as well(2).Which of the following can be done by Qube?（分数：2.50）A.Giving oral feedback.B.Analyzing feedback on a computer.C.Playing games on TV.D.Responding by typing on a computer.(3).The nationwide Qube system would emp
23、hasize _.（分数：2.50）A.the influence of watchersB.how to serve the watchers betterC.the development of TV programsD.serving the public instead of individuals(4).The present use of glass string is _.（分数：2.50）A.economicalB.inefficientC.unprofitableD.scientific三、TEXT B(总题数：2，分数：25.00)Clothes play a critic
24、al part in the conclusions we reach by providing clues to who people are, who they are not, and who they would like to be. They tell us a good deal about the wearers background, personality, status, mood, and social outlook. Since clothes are such an important source of social information, we can us
25、e them to manipulate peoples impression of us. Our appearance assumes particular significance in the initial phases of interaction that is likely to occur. An elderly middle-class man or woman may be alienated by a young adult who is dressed in an unconventional manner, regardless of the persons edu
26、cation, background, or interests. People tend to agree on what certain types of clothes mean. Adolescent girls can easily agree on the lifestyles of girls who wear certain outfits, including the number of boyfriends they likely have had and whether they smoke or drink. Newscasters, or the announcers
27、 who read the news on TV, are considered to be more convincing, honest, and competent when they are dressed conservatively. And college students who view themselves as taking an active role in their interpersonal relationships say they are concerned about the costumes they must wear to play these ro
28、les successfully. Moreover, many of us can relate instances in which the clothing we wore changed the way we felt about ourselves and how we acted. Perhaps you have used clothing to gain confidence when you anticipated a stressful situation, such as a job interview or a court appearance. In the work
29、place, men have long had well-defined precedents and role models for achieving success. It has been otherwise for women. A good many women in the business world are uncertain about the appropriate mixture of masculine and feminine attributes they should convey by their professional clothing. The var
30、iety of clothing alternatives to women has also been greater than that available for men. Male administrators tend to judge women more favorably for managerial positions when the women display less feminine groomingshorter hair, moderate use of make-up, and plain tailored clothing. As one male admin
31、istrator confessed, An attractive woman is definitely going to get a longer interview, but she wont get a job.（分数：12.50）(1).The author believes that we can use clothes to _.（分数：2.50）A.lead others to believe we are who we appear to beB.make a correct judgment on peoples personalitiesC.improve our soc
32、ial statusD.influence peoples mood(2).The phrase agree on (Para. 3) can best be replaced by _.（分数：2.50）A.sing high praise ofB.be influenced byC.be unanimous inD.follow the example of(3).It is commonly agreed that _.（分数：2.50）A.newscasters should be conservativeB.college students play an active role i
33、n interpersonal relationshipsC.clothes enables people to be confidentD.job interviews and court appearances are stressful situations(4).By saying that it has been otherwise for women, the author means that _.（分数：2.50）A.women couldnt achieve success as easily as menB.women dont have a well-defined dr
34、ess codeC.women have to merge masculine attributes into clothingD.women enjoy more freedom in the choice of clothing(5).According to the last paragraph, male administrators tend to hire _.（分数：2.50）A.a woman without feminine attributesB.a woman with a masculine appearanceC.a woman with some masculine
35、 attributesD.an attractive and femininely-dressed womanThe level of discrimination has varied enormously in the history of human societies, from genocide where, ethnics are killed off through expulsion and, when these extreme forms of discrimination are not possible, through segregation in a ghetto
36、and a narrow range of jobs. One type of ethnic minority is lower class. Here disproportionate numbers of a population are isolated in slum housing tracts and pushed into the lowest-paying occupations such that they are in the poverty classes of a society. African-Americans have suffered this fate in
37、 the United States. Another type of ethnic minority created by discrimination is the middleman minority where members are segregated but, at the same time, allowed to occupy a narrow range of entrepreneurial and professional economic positions which give them some affluence. For example, Jews in feu
38、dal and early modem Europe often occupied high positions in banking and finance; and many Asian immigrants in America today have moved into small business niches. What determines which type of a minority an ethnic population will become? One important condition is the resourcesmoney, entrepreneurial
39、 know-how, educational credentialsthat a population can mobilize. When ethnics have some resources, they can more readily move into intermediary minority positions and live a more middle-class life style. But resources are not the only factor; another is the absolute size of an ethnic population. A
40、small minority with resources can more easily find intermediary niches than a large one, for the simple reason that there are not enough small-business positions for a large population. A large ethnic population will, therefore, be pushed to lower niches especially if their resources are limited and
41、, as a result, their ability to fight off discrimination is low. African-Americans have suffered this fate: They are too large a group to fill middlemen minority positions, and they have insufficient resources to overcome discrimination. Indeed, what often happens is that members of a large minority
42、 who can mobilize resourcessay, educational credentials move into middle-class positions, leaving behind their fellow ethnics. For example, many blacks in America have made dramatic strides in moving to the middle-classes in the Post-Civil Rights era, but the fate of the vast majority of blacks in t
43、he lower classes has remained the same, or worsened over the last twenty-five years. Black America itself is thus divided by large class differences.（分数：12.50）(1).Which of the following is the correct description of genocide?（分数：2.50）A.It is a place where ethnics are discriminated.B.It is an extreme
44、 form of ethnic discrimination.C.It is manifested by means of segregation.D.It is the earliest discrimination in history.(2).How were the Jews in feudal and early modern Europe discriminated?（分数：2.50）A.They were isolated in living in slum housing tracts.B.Only the lowest-paying occupations were avai
45、lable to them.C.Only very few high-paying professions were open to them.D.They suffered the same fate as the African-Americans.(3).The Asian-Americans are classified as the middleman minority mainly because _.（分数：2.50）A.their population is smaller than that of the African AmericansB.they are not dis
46、criminated as severely as the African AmericansC.they cannot go beyond small businessD.they are a small minority with resources(4).What is most likely to happen to the large ethnic minority, according to the last paragraph?（分数：2.50）A.All its members have to stay in the lower class.B.It is hard for i
47、ts members to enter the middleman class.C.There is obvious class division in the group itself.D.There is no way for them to overcome discrimination.(5).Which of the following factor determines ones chance to move into the middle class?（分数：2.50）A.The population of the group one is in.B.Ones ability t
48、o make use of resources.C.Ones educational background.D.The severity of discrimination.四、TEXT C(总题数：2，分数：25.00)Current poll numbers indicate Obama has a chance at winning the Democratic presidential nomination, and would be a serious contender in the November general election. Throughout his campaign, the senator has insisted that his race is irrelevant to his bid for the White House. Hoover Institution senior fellow and prize-winning author Shelby Steele disagrees. Steele say
