1、专业英语四级-70及答案解析 (总分：100.00，做题时间：90分钟)一、READING COMPREHENSIO(总题数：0，分数：0.00)二、TEXT A(总题数：2，分数：22.50)Testing has replaced teaching in most public schools. My own childrens school week is framed by pretests, drills, tests, and retests. They know that the best way to read a textbook is to look at the ques
2、tions at the end of the chapter and then skim the text for the answers. I believe that my daughter Erica, who gets excellent marks, has never read a chapter of any of her school textbooks all the way through. And teachers are often heard to state proudly and openly that they teach to the mandated st
3、ate test. Teaching to the test is a curious phenomenon. Instead of deciding what skills students ought to learn, helping students learn them, and then using some sensible methods of assessment to discover whether students have mastered the skills, teachers are encouraged to reverse the process. Firs
4、t one looks at a commercially available test. Then on distills the skills needed not to master reading, say, or math, but to do well on the test. Finally, the test skills are taught. The ability to read or write or calculate might imply the ability to do reasonably well on standardized tests. Howeve
5、r, neither reading nor writing develops simply through being taught to take tests. We must be careful to avoid mistaking preparation for a test of a skill with the acquisition of that skill. Too many discussions of basic of skills make this fundamental confusion because people are test-obsessed rath
6、er than concerned with the nature and quality of what is taught. Recently, many schools have faced what could be called the crisis of comprehension or, in simple terms, the phenomenon of students with phonic and grammar skills still being unable to understand what they read. These students are compe
7、tent at test taking and filling in workbooks and ditto masters. However, they have little or no experience reading or thinking, and talking about what they read. They know the details but cant see or understand the whole. They are taught to be so concerned with grade that they have no time or ease o
8、f mind to think about meaning, and reread things if necessary.（分数：10.00）(1).What do teachers think about teaching to the mandated state test?（分数：2.50）A.It is commonly recognized.B.It is curiously controversial.C.It has been exceptionally effective.D.It has been inadequately developed.(2).As it is in
9、dicated in the second paragraph, the author finds it strange that _.（分数：2.50）A.skills are determined before tests are setB.tests are used to assess students skillsC.tests restrict the skills necessary for studentsD.skills are consolidated by taking tests(3).According to the third paragraph, this fun
10、damental confusion refers to the fact that _.（分数：2.50）A.the basic of skills have been discussed too muchB.a test of a skill has been equated with acquiring the skillC.the nature and quality of what is taught are rarely concernedD.skills do not develop by being taught to take tests(4).The crisis of c
11、omprehension is most probably resulted from _.（分数：2.50）A.students insufficient phonic and grammar skillsB.teaching that takes up much of students free timeC.teaching that emphasizes details rather than the wholeD.students incompetence in thinking about what they readCorporate scandal, labor reductio
12、ns, economic recession. The past year has been a sobering experience for the average worker, a return of the nose-to-the-grindstone work ethic, and a time to roll up the shirt sleeves and get serious. Youve seen your workload increase, your pay frozen, and your training budgets cut. And to make matt
13、ers worse, youve seen expectations for ROI (Return on Investment) rise and e-learning companies fall. Need a tissue? Its not that bad. Honest. Despite what you may have heard, fun is not dead. In the burgeoning niche of game-based e-learning, a group of companies are using the video games kids (and
14、adults) play as inspiration for delivering learning that counters workers reluctance towards training and offers an antidote to the stress that many are under. Now that incentives of a pay increase or promotion are being reigned in by higher ups, employees are less enthusiastic about taking time awa
15、y from their jobs for trainingmanagers even less so. These game-based e-learning applications counter by being fun, engaging, and in some cases, addictive. But, as can be expected, e-learning that draws heavily on video games in a coat-and-tie culture is often a tough sell. Advanced games and simula
16、tions dont come cheap. Development costs for custom-designed games often top the million dollar mark and purchase prices are typically several hundred thousand dollars. Such an investment matches the cost of in-classroom training. With training budget cuts, companies that are on the fence are unwill
17、ing to take a chance on an unproven mode of delivery. Pragmatism and proven technology rule the day, as companies decide what they really need and suppliers figure out how to deliver. For some in the game-based e-learning segment, the mood is rather pensive. For them, fun isnt dead. Its just on paus
18、e. For others, its game on. Companies such as LearningWare, Corporate Adrenalin, and Games2Train are finding success by delivering within a tight budget and providing back-end data to ensure that games earn their keep. Even in the midst of this economic slump, game-based e-learning is demonstrating
19、its potential to improve the way we train and do business.（分数：12.50）(1).E-learning companies expect that video games will be used for _.（分数：2.50）A.inspiring childrens passion for learningB.inspiring workers passion for their jobC.relieving employees from work pressureD.relieving the need for certain
20、 job training(2).Employees are less enthusiastic about training because _.（分数：2.50）A.promotion doesnt take training into accountB.managers serve as a bad model for trainingC.it is more and more difficult to get a promotionD.game-based e-learning is the more updated trend(3).In a coat-and-tie culture
21、, people tend to demand _.（分数：2.50）A.that games be custom-designedB.that games and simulations be cheapC.higher budget for in-classroom trainingD.pragmatism and proven technology(4).The passage is aimed at people who _.（分数：2.50）A.probably work for e-learning companiesB.probably work for video game c
22、ompaniesC.are worded about the economyD.are concerned about e-training(5).What happens to LearningWare, Corporate Adrenalin, and Games2Train?（分数：2.50）A.They are optimistic but cautious about e-learning.B.They are successful even in the economic recession.C.They will become profitable when the econom
23、y revives.D.They will be provided with low-budget training programs.三、TEXT B(总题数：2，分数：20.00)About forty years ago, I was an instructor in the military academy at Woolwich, when young Scoresby was given his first examination. I felt extremely sorry for him. Everybody answered the questions well, inte
24、lligently, while hewhy, dear mehe did not know anything, so to speak. He was a nice, pleasant young man. It was painful to see him stand there and give answers that were miracles of stupidity. I knew of course that when examined again he would fail and be thrown out. So, I said to myself, it would b
25、e a simple, harmless act to help him as much as I could. I took him aside and found he knew a little about Julius Ceasars history. But, he did not know anything else. So, I went to work and tested him and worked him like a slave. I made him work, over and over again, on a few questions about Ceasar,
26、 which l knew he would be asked. If you will believe me, he came through very well on the day of the examination. He got high praise too, while others who knew a thousand times more than he were sharply criticized. By some strange, lucky accident, he was asked no questions but those I made him study
27、. Such an accident does not happen more than once in a hundred years. Well, all through his studies, I stood by him, with the feeling a mother has for a disabled child. And he always saved himself by some miracle. I thought that what in the end would destroy him would be the mathematics examination.
28、 I decided to make his end as painless as possible. So, I pushed facts into his stupid head for hours. Finally, I let him go to the examination to experience what I was sure would be his dismissal from school. Well, sir, try to imagine the result. I was shocked out of my mind. He took first prize! A
29、nd he got the highest praise. I felt guilty day and nightwhat I was doing was not right. But I only wanted to make his dismissal a little less painful for him. I never dreamed it would lead to such strange, laughable results. I thought that sooner or later one thing was sure to happen: The first rea
30、l test once he was through school would ruin him.（分数：12.50）(1).According to the narrator, Scoresby passed the exams because of _.（分数：2.50）A.the narrators helpB.Scoresbys good luckC.Scoresbys hard workD.the teachers kindness(2).The narrator decided to help Scoresby _.（分数：2.50）A.so that Scoresby would
31、 not lose all his confidenceB.so that Scoresby could stay at school as long as possibleC.because the narrator regarded Scoresby as his own childD.because the narrator didnt want to see the students lag behind(3).What did the narrator think about Scoresby?（分数：2.50）A.Scoresby would never get over his
32、stupidity.B.Scoresby would have a promising future.C.Scoresbys stupidity would be compensated by hard work.D.Scoresbys failure should be attributed to his laziness.(4).The narrator felt guilty about _.（分数：2.50）A.being unable to help Scoresby to be smartB.indulging Scoresbys stupidityC.enabling Score
33、sby to stay in schoolD.making Scoresby arrogant(5).The first real test for Scoresby would most probably be _.（分数：2.50）A.his first talk with his supervisorB.his first service to the communityC.his first job interviewD.his first task as a soldierRecently, a couple in New Zealand were forbidden from na
34、ming their baby son 4Real. Even though New Zealand has quite liberal rules about naming children, names beginning with a number are not allowed. They decided to call him Superman instead. In many countries around the world, unusual names for children are becoming more popular, especially since the i
35、ncreasing trend for celebrities to give their children wacky names. In Britain, you can call a child almost anything you likethe only restrictions on parents relate to offensive words such as swear words. Some parents choose names which come from popular culture. For example, there have been six boy
36、s named Gandalf after the character in the Lord of the Rings novels and films. Equally, names related to sport are fairly commonsince 1984, 36 children have been called Arsenal after the football team. Other parents like to make up names, or combine names to make their own unique version, a method d
37、emonstrated by Jordan, the British model, who recently invented the name Tiamii for her daughter by combining the names Thea and Amy (the two grandmothers). She was quoted as saying that the accent and double letters were added to make the name more exotic. Other countries have much stricter rules w
38、hen it comes to naming children. Countries including Japan, Denmark, Spain, Germany and Argentina have an approved list of names from which parents must choose. In China, there are some rules about what you may call a childno foreign letters or symbols are allowed. As a result a couple were recently
39、 banned from calling their baby . In Britain, some names which were previously thought of as old-fashioned have become more popular again, such as Maisie or Ella for a girl, or Alfie or Noah for a boy. But the most popular names are not the wacky ones. The top names are fairly traditionalJack, Charl
40、ie and Thomas for boys and Grace, Ruby and Jessica for girls.（分数：7.50）(1).Celebrity parents tended to give their children _.（分数：2.50）A.an outstanding nameB.a meaningless nameC.an eccentric nameD.a distinctive name(2).What can we infer about Arsenal since 1984?（分数：2.50）A.Arsenal has won the most cham
41、pions.B.Arsenal has become the most appreciated childrens name.C.Arsenal is preferred because the word has double meanings.D.The prevalence of Arsenal has never ceased.(3).Jordan invented the name Tiamii for her daughter in order to _.（分数：2.50）A.make the name different from any othersB.commemorate h
42、er daughters two grandmothersC.demonstrate a special way of namingD.make a foreign name四、TEXT C(总题数：2，分数：30.00)We need to reform the European social model, not play round with it. Make it work in the long term to achieve the values it stands for. Thats what we mean by New Labour, New in our means. B
43、ut Labour in our aims. Since being elected, the New Labour Government has set its course according to these principles of the third way, the radical centre if you like. First, we have tightened public finances sharply. Next year, we will have one of the lowest levels of deficit of any major world ec
44、onomy. Two years after we may eliminate it. But we have tightened the deficit without raising income taxes and whilst still getting more cash to poor pensioners and to the unemployed. Second, we have started to squeeze the inflation we inherited back out of the system. But we did it by giving the Ba
45、nk of England independence over the setting of interest rates. And we have continued that with far-reaching reforms of our financial system, to make it more open and secure. Third, we have made a firm commitment to more investment in our education system, which we have put as the top priority of the
46、 new Government. There is a huge investment going in. But, it is a deal: investment for reform. Schools are going to have to raise standards sharply. There is a strong emphasis on discipline, high quality in teachers, and schools are being encouraged to be more flexible and imaginative in the way th
47、ey work. Education Authorities are there to help schools, not control them. Teachers unions do not set the agenda. We want partnership with those that work in our public services. But they are run for those that use them. Fourth, we are embarking on reform of our welfare state. It is not simply the
48、size of the budget. It is that it isnt doing the things it was established to do. We have more workless households, more people dependent on benefit, more socially excluded. We are instituting a Welfare to Work programme, giving young and long-term unemployed people the chance to work or get a skill. But in return there is an obligation to take work. There is a new emphasis on services like childcare and less just on extra cash benefits. Student finance is being reformed. Univ
