1、专业英语四级-145及答案解析 (总分：100.00，做题时间：90分钟)一、WRITING(总题数：3，分数：100.00)1.Traffic jam has troubled many urban citizens for long. How to solve this big problem is debated widely. The following are the supporters and opponents opinions. Read carefully the opinions from both sides and write your response in abo
2、ut 200 words, in which you should first summarize briefly the opinions from both sides and give your view on the issue. Marks will be awarded for content relevance, content sufficiency, organization and language quality. Failure to follow the above instructions may result in a loss of marks. AThe Lo
3、ndon congestion charge is becoming less effective in cutting traffic delays and has generated no real economic benefits, motoring groups and business leaders said yesterday. Transport for Londons figures show that the number of vehicles entering the central toll zone has edged up 10 per cent to 110,
4、000 a day since the 5 charge was introduced. The AAs study indicates that the initial 3mph improvement in average traffic speeds within the zone had dwindled to 2mph by the end of the year. Delivery firms, which were supposed to benefit particularly from the reduction in congestion, gave the scheme
5、an overwhelming thumbs-down. Nearly 70 per cent said their journeys were no faster than 12 months ago. The RAC attacked alarming weaknesses in the enforcement system, which had seen the number of formal appeals against fines leap to five times the level Transport for London had expected. BBeijing al
6、ready has more than 5.59 million vehicles, the most in any Chinese city. According to the Beijing Transport Research Center, on average, the citys drivers were stuck in traffic for about 115 minutes on any weekday in 2014. Based on the estimates from AutoNavi Software Co, on average Beijing commuter
7、s lose 808 yuan ($127) in time-cost every month because of traffic jams. The basic idea is to impose a fee on cars driving on certain roads, a fee that would vary according to the time of day, with the highest fee charged during peak hours. Among the measures, the congestion charge, which is unprece
8、dented in China, will arguably play the most important role in reducing traffic. （分数：30.00）_2.An increasing population of young people goes to other countries to further their study. Whether overseas education is beneficial or not is debated widely. The following are the supporters and opponents opi
9、nions. Read carefully the opinions from both sides and write your response in about 200 words, in which you should first summarize briefly the opinions from both sides and give your view on the issue. Marks will be awarded for content relevance, content sufficiency, organization and language quality
10、. Failure to follow the above instructions may result in a loss of marks. AMany times it really opens their eyes to a whole another way of thinking about the world that we live in and how their actions and their interactions with people from other cultures really have an effect on the world that we
11、live in. .Many times it reshapes the way they think about their own career plan, and they take a more reflective turn on the role that theyre going to play in the world as it relates to their career plans. And oftentimes, you talk to people who studied abroad 50 years ago, and they will tell you tha
12、t that was the most powerful experience that they had. .I remember my mother telling about getting on a ship in Montreal and going across to the great museums of Europe, and looking at artwork in person that they couldnt see in the States, and that that was sort of the stereotype of study abroad tha
13、t we have. And now, things have changed quite a bit. BCiting data compiled by the 2013 Overseas-Returned Graduate Recruitment Report and university statistics, the South China Morning Post of Hong Kong reports that one in four Chinese students attending Ivy League universities in the U.S. end up dro
14、pping out. The study said that while students exhibited high academic achievement in their home country, many found it difficult to adjust and adapt to the new environment, citing problems like language barriers and differences in the education system. On top of that, those students who do end up fi
15、nishing their degrees dont stay in the host country for long, and usually end up back in China. The study, which examined more than 9,000 professionals in 23 major cities in a cross-section of fields, found that half of returning graduates say the main obstacle of staying overseas is economic condit
16、ions, followed by related issues like extremely competitive employment markets, and poor social skills, which accounted for 38.9 percent and 33.6 percent of respondents reasons given, respectively. （分数：30.00）_3.Giving up meat can make our planet better. Whether this is true or not is debated widely.
17、 The following are two different opinions. Read carefully the opinions from both sides and write your response in about 200 words, in which you should first summarize briefly the opinions from both sides and give your view on the issue. Marks will be awarded for content relevance, content sufficienc
18、y, organization and language quality. Failure to follow the above instructions may result in a loss of marks.AMany people are surprised to learn that livestock farming is responsible for a high level of green house gas emissions, which are known to cause global warming. One study estimates that the
19、farming of animals causes more emissions (18%) than the worlds entire transport system (13.5%). There are even more interesting statistics about the impact that livestock have on global warming. For example, nitrous oxide is almost 300 times more damaging to the climate than carbon dioxide, and 65%
20、of the total quantity produced comes from livestock. Methane is another gas that causes global warming, and cows and sheep are responsible for 37% of total methane emissions. BFor most of human history, cattle, sheep and goats have eaten the grass on land that is not suitable for growing crops or gr
21、ain. By doing this, they convert grass that is inedible into meat and milk. Even today, sheep or goats can be the most efficient way to get food from some land. In a world where more than a billion people do not have enough food to eat, taking this land out of the food production process would creat
22、e even less food security for many people. Moreover, when land is very dry or hilly, grazing by livestock often causes much less damage to the environment than growing crops. （分数：40.00）_专业英语四级-145答案解析 (总分：100.00，做题时间：90分钟)一、WRITING(总题数：3，分数：100.00)1.Traffic jam has troubled many urban citizens for l
23、ong. How to solve this big problem is debated widely. The following are the supporters and opponents opinions. Read carefully the opinions from both sides and write your response in about 200 words, in which you should first summarize briefly the opinions from both sides and give your view on the is
24、sue. Marks will be awarded for content relevance, content sufficiency, organization and language quality. Failure to follow the above instructions may result in a loss of marks. AThe London congestion charge is becoming less effective in cutting traffic delays and has generated no real economic bene
25、fits, motoring groups and business leaders said yesterday. Transport for Londons figures show that the number of vehicles entering the central toll zone has edged up 10 per cent to 110,000 a day since the 5 charge was introduced. The AAs study indicates that the initial 3mph improvement in average t
26、raffic speeds within the zone had dwindled to 2mph by the end of the year. Delivery firms, which were supposed to benefit particularly from the reduction in congestion, gave the scheme an overwhelming thumbs-down. Nearly 70 per cent said their journeys were no faster than 12 months ago. The RAC atta
27、cked alarming weaknesses in the enforcement system, which had seen the number of formal appeals against fines leap to five times the level Transport for London had expected. BBeijing already has more than 5.59 million vehicles, the most in any Chinese city. According to the Beijing Transport Researc
28、h Center, on average, the citys drivers were stuck in traffic for about 115 minutes on any weekday in 2014. Based on the estimates from AutoNavi Software Co, on average Beijing commuters lose 808 yuan ($127) in time-cost every month because of traffic jams. The basic idea is to impose a fee on cars
29、driving on certain roads, a fee that would vary according to the time of day, with the highest fee charged during peak hours. Among the measures, the congestion charge, which is unprecedented in China, will arguably play the most important role in reducing traffic. （分数：30.00）_正确答案：()解析：Do Congestion
30、 Fees Work?Traffic congestion has long been troubling many big cities. Many measures have even been discussed or even piloted to solve this problem. One of them is to charge congestion fees. In my opinion, whether congestion charge works or not depends on the traffic condition of a city and other re
31、lated factors. According to Beijing traffic, its large number of daily traffic and the high cost of jammed commuters seem to prove that congestion fees really work for this city. The trapped drivers have to pay on the ground of the driving time and roads, and paid more in rush hours. Once charged ab
32、out this, commuters may consider their increasing cost and be discouraged from driving, thus helping reduce the traffic crowdedness. However, the fact does not prove this to be true. The London case tells us that this kind of charge is not so effective. Instead, more cars are entering the city centr
33、e where the jam problem is serious. Another subsequence is to invite more legal cases about the enforcement of fines. From the two cases, congestion fees may not be effective as expected due to the number of traffic on the jammed roads and driving time as well as the implementing effect. It is advis
34、able to take more factors of traffic congestion and the real need of city people into consideration to work out an efficient way of charging congestion fee. 解析 交通堵塞问题是城市建设的一个主要问题，对于怎样解决这个问题，世界各城市都有自己的方法，所给短文正是伦敦和北京两大城市对交通堵塞的认识和提出的解决方案，以及对方案的效果的阐述。因此在写作文的过程中，这两篇短文可以作为例证来论述。2.An increasing population
35、of young people goes to other countries to further their study. Whether overseas education is beneficial or not is debated widely. The following are the supporters and opponents opinions. Read carefully the opinions from both sides and write your response in about 200 words, in which you should firs
36、t summarize briefly the opinions from both sides and give your view on the issue. Marks will be awarded for content relevance, content sufficiency, organization and language quality. Failure to follow the above instructions may result in a loss of marks. AMany times it really opens their eyes to a w
37、hole another way of thinking about the world that we live in and how their actions and their interactions with people from other cultures really have an effect on the world that we live in. .Many times it reshapes the way they think about their own career plan, and they take a more reflective turn o
38、n the role that theyre going to play in the world as it relates to their career plans. And oftentimes, you talk to people who studied abroad 50 years ago, and they will tell you that that was the most powerful experience that they had. .I remember my mother telling about getting on a ship in Montrea
39、l and going across to the great museums of Europe, and looking at artwork in person that they couldnt see in the States, and that that was sort of the stereotype of study abroad that we have. And now, things have changed quite a bit. BCiting data compiled by the 2013 Overseas-Returned Graduate Recru
40、itment Report and university statistics, the South China Morning Post of Hong Kong reports that one in four Chinese students attending Ivy League universities in the U.S. end up dropping out. The study said that while students exhibited high academic achievement in their home country, many found it
41、difficult to adjust and adapt to the new environment, citing problems like language barriers and differences in the education system. On top of that, those students who do end up finishing their degrees dont stay in the host country for long, and usually end up back in China. The study, which examin
42、ed more than 9,000 professionals in 23 major cities in a cross-section of fields, found that half of returning graduates say the main obstacle of staying overseas is economic conditions, followed by related issues like extremely competitive employment markets, and poor social skills, which accounted
43、 for 38.9 percent and 33.6 percent of respondents reasons given, respectively. （分数：30.00）_正确答案：()解析：Is an Overseas Study Worth It?Studying abroad has been popular among young people for their higher education instead of studying in their own countries. Is this study really worthwhile? In my opinion,
44、 only those who have clear aims and full preparations benefit most. Supporters for overseas study believe this international education really benefits them a lot. This not only opens their mind to another culture, but also helps them develop their diverse skills such as communication skills and chan
45、ge their way of thinking of themselves and their future career. Such great experience enables them to handle people from different backgrounds. However, not all students can survive in the competitive educational jungle. According to the given data, almost 25% of students may drop out of universitie
46、s due to many difficulties like language problems, unfamiliarity with academic references and inability to adapt to a new environment. Another issue is that after spending a fortune in another country, those survivors still go back to their own country to find a job, which does not meet their initia
47、l expectation about career planning. Therefore, overseas study is not always a good choice for all students. They should have a clear goal, enough money and ability to study in a new place and reasonable expectations of themselves. Otherwise they may either fail in this study or feel disappointed about this experience. 解析 海外教育或出国留学一直都是一个热门话题，是否应该出国学习呢?所给的两篇短文提出不同的例证。短文A是通过学生直抒自己的留学经验来陈述留学的好处；而短文B则是通过数据显示出国留学不是那么美好的事情。因此，这两篇短文都可作为例证或证据来论述自己的观点。3.Giving up meat can make our planet better. Whether this is true or not is deba
