1、专业英语四级完型填空、语法与词汇-24及答案解析 (总分：100.00，做题时间：90分钟)Thanks in part to technology and its constant sounding and ringing, roughly 41 million people in the United Statesnearly a third of all working adultsget six hours or fewer of sleep a night, according to a recent report.(1) , mention of our ever increasi
2、ng sleeplessness is followed by calls for earlier bedtimes (2) a longer nights sleep. But this directive may be (3) of the problem. (4) helping us to get more rest, the tyranny of the eight-hour block (5) a narrow conception of sleep and how we should (6) it. Doctors who peddle sleep aid products an
3、d call for more sleep may (7) reinforce the idea that there is something wrong about interrupted sleep (8) . Sleep anxiety is a common result. Some of the time we spend (9) and turning may even result from (10) about sleep and our bodily needs.Thomas A. Wehr, a psychiatrist (11) at the National Inst
4、itute of Mental Health in Bethesda, Md., was conducting an experiment in which subjects were deprived of (12) light. Without the illumination and (13) from light bulbs, televisions or computers, the subjects slept (14) the night, at least at first. But, after a while, Dr. Wehr noticed that subjects
5、began to wake up a little after midnight, lie awake for a couple of hours, and then (15) back to sleep again.It seemed that, (16) a chance to be free of modern life, the body would naturally settle into a (17) sleep schedule. (18) they broke their conception of what form sleep should (19) , they loo
6、ked forward to the time in the middle of the night as a chance for deep thinking of all kinds, (20) in the form of self-reflection or getting a jump on the next day.（分数：50.00）(1).A. Originally B. TypicallyC. Strangely D. Precisely（分数：2.50）A.B.C.D.(2).A. but B. orC. and D. while（分数：2.50）A.B.C.D.(3).A
7、. part B. pointC. answer D. solution（分数：2.50）A.B.C.D.(4).A. Rather than B. Other thanC. Less than D. Better than（分数：2.50）A.B.C.D.(5).A. stimulates B. imposesC. composes D. reinforces（分数：2.50）A.B.C.D.(6).A. adopt B. approachC. approve D. identify（分数：2.50）A.B.C.D.(7).A. particularly B. deliberatelyC.
8、intentionally D. unintentionally（分数：2.50）A.B.C.D.(8).A. circles B. cyclesC. intervals D. periods（分数：2.50）A.B.C.D.(9).A. tossing B. flingingC. bumping D. moving（分数：2.50）A.B.C.D.(10).A. conceptions B. misconceptionsC. mistakes D. concessions（分数：2.50）A.B.C.D.(11).A. then worked B. now workingC. then wo
9、rking D. who working（分数：2.50）A.B.C.D.(12).A. natural B. genuineC. aesthetic D. artificial（分数：2.50）A.B.C.D.(13).A. direction B. distributionC. distraction D. contraction（分数：2.50）A.B.C.D.(14).A. on B. throughC. at D. for（分数：2.50）A.B.C.D.(15).A. drift B. resumeC. stray D. shift（分数：2.50）A.B.C.D.(16).A.
10、considering B. asC. given D. by（分数：2.50）A.B.C.D.(17).A. scattered B. subsequentC. slipped D. split（分数：2.50）A.B.C.D.(18).A. While B. OnceC. Since D. Though（分数：2.50）A.B.C.D.(19).A. come in B. come outC. take in D. take on（分数：2.50）A.B.C.D.(20).A. which B. thatC. whether D. when（分数：2.50）A.B.C.D.Economy,
11、 one of the principles of success in the details of housekeeping, consists not alone (1) making advantageous use of fresh material, but in carefully (2) and utilizing the left-over fragments and bits of food. Few cooks can make (3) perfect calculation respecting the needs of their families as to pro
12、vide just enough and no more, and the waste of the (4) is in many homes fully equal (5) one haft the cost of the meal. (6) anything need ever be wasted. There are ways of utilizing almost every kind of cooked food (7) it will be quite as appetizing and nutritious as when first prepared.All left-over
13、 foods, as grains, vegetables, or others of a (8) character, should be removed to clean dishes. (9) this precaution is observed, the tiny bits about the (10) of the dish, which become sour or moldy much sooner than the larger mass, are apt to (11) the whole. They should also be set on ice or be kept
14、 in a cool, dry place (12) needed.There are (13) other foods that can be combined into more delicious dishes than left- over bread if the bread is properly made from (14) material and is well kept in a proper place. To (15) the perfect preservation of the fragments, the (16) itself should receive go
15、od care. Broken pieces of bread may become (17) dry, and in that case, they are (18) to crackers for use in soups. In addition, small quantities of left-over grains can be utilized for preparing various kinds of desserts (19) the ingredients require previous cooking. They may also be used in the pre
16、paration of vegetable soups, many of which are even (20) by the addition of a few spoonfuls of well-kept cooked oatmeal or rolled oats.（分数：50.00）(1).A. of B. withC. by D. in（分数：2.50）A.B.C.D.(2).A. preserving B. reservingC. conserving D. deserving（分数：2.50）A.B.C.D.(3).A. such B. soC. very D. /（分数：2.50
17、）A.B.C.D.(4).A. addition B. surplusC. remains D. supplement（分数：2.50）A.B.C.D.(5).A. on B. toC. about D. of（分数：2.50）A.B.C.D.(6).A. Frequently B. ScarcelyC. Regularly D. Occasionally（分数：2.50）A.B.C.D.(7).A. that B. whenC. in case D. so that（分数：2.50）A.B.C.D.(8).A. moist B. dampC. wet D. humid（分数：2.50）A.B
18、.C.D.(9).A. While B. IfC. Unless D. Meanwhile（分数：2.50）A.B.C.D.(10).A. margins B. boundsC. limits D. edges（分数：2.50）A.B.C.D.(11).A. spoil B. destroyC. break D. ruin（分数：2.50）A.B.C.D.(12).A. when B. thoughC. until D. for（分数：2.50）A.B.C.D.(13).A. many B. someC. a little D. few（分数：2.50）A.B.C.D.(14).A. whol
19、e B. wholesomeC. complete D. accomplished（分数：2.50）A.B.C.D.(15).A. ensure B. assureC. reassure D. guarantee（分数：2.50）A.B.C.D.(16).A. piece B. lumpC. loaf D. chunk（分数：2.50）A.B.C.D.(17).A. sharply B. fraillyC. snappily D. crisply（分数：2.50）A.B.C.D.(18).A. favorable B. preferableC. desirable D. beneficial（
20、分数：2.50）A.B.C.D.(19).A. which B. whatC. where D. that（分数：2.50）A.B.C.D.(20).A. improved B. developedC. worsened D. impaired（分数：2.50）A.B.C.D.专业英语四级完型填空、语法与词汇-24答案解析 (总分：100.00，做题时间：90分钟)Thanks in part to technology and its constant sounding and ringing, roughly 41 million people in the United Statesne
21、arly a third of all working adultsget six hours or fewer of sleep a night, according to a recent report.(1) , mention of our ever increasing sleeplessness is followed by calls for earlier bedtimes (2) a longer nights sleep. But this directive may be (3) of the problem. (4) helping us to get more res
22、t, the tyranny of the eight-hour block (5) a narrow conception of sleep and how we should (6) it. Doctors who peddle sleep aid products and call for more sleep may (7) reinforce the idea that there is something wrong about interrupted sleep (8) . Sleep anxiety is a common result. Some of the time we
23、 spend (9) and turning may even result from (10) about sleep and our bodily needs.Thomas A. Wehr, a psychiatrist (11) at the National Institute of Mental Health in Bethesda, Md., was conducting an experiment in which subjects were deprived of (12) light. Without the illumination and (13) from light
24、bulbs, televisions or computers, the subjects slept (14) the night, at least at first. But, after a while, Dr. Wehr noticed that subjects began to wake up a little after midnight, lie awake for a couple of hours, and then (15) back to sleep again.It seemed that, (16) a chance to be free of modern li
25、fe, the body would naturally settle into a (17) sleep schedule. (18) they broke their conception of what form sleep should (19) , they looked forward to the time in the middle of the night as a chance for deep thinking of all kinds, (20) in the form of self-reflection or getting a jump on the next d
26、ay.（分数：50.00）(1).A. Originally B. TypicallyC. Strangely D. Precisely（分数：2.50）A.B.C.D.解析：解析 副词辨析题。因为睡眠问题日趋严重，所以才有早睡、多睡这一倡导，情况一般是这样的，所以选B：Typically，意为“一般说来，通常”。A：Originally“原来，起初”、C：Strangely“不可思议地”及D：Precisely“恰好地”均不符合文意，故均排除。(2).A. but B. orC. and D. while（分数：2.50）A.B.C.D.解析：解析 语篇衔接题。这里所说的“早睡”和“多睡”都
27、是倡导的内容，也就是，既要早睡也要睡得时间长。因此，earlier bedtimes和a longer nights sleep之间的关系是并列的，用and连接，故选C。其他三个选项均不符合原文逻辑，故排除。(3).A. part B. pointC. answer D. solution（分数：2.50）A.B.C.D.解析：解析 名词辨析题。缺乏睡眠的问题是由多方面原因造成的，而这种倡导也是造成这个问题的部分原因，所以选A：part。B：point“点，要点”、C：answer“答案”和D：solution“解决，解答”均不符合文意，故排除。(4).A. Rather than B. Ot
28、her thanC. Less than D. Better than（分数：2.50）A.B.C.D.解析：解析 介词短语辨析题。Rather than意为“与其说，不如；不是，而是”，符合题意，故A为正确答案。B：Other than“除以外”、C：Less than“少于”和D：Better than“比好”均不符合文意，故排除。(5).A. stimulates B. imposesC. composes D. reinforces（分数：2.50）A.B.C.D.解析：解析 动词辨析题。此处所填动词应和conception搭配，根据句意，D：reinforces“加强，强化”为正确答
29、案。A：stimulates意为“刺激，激励”；B：imposes“强加于，强迫接受”，一般和on或upon连用；C：composes“创作，作曲”，此三项均不能和conception连用，故排除。(6).A. adopt B. approachC. approve D. identify（分数：2.50）A.B.C.D.解析：解析 动词辨析题。B：approach有“着手于(问题、工作)”的含义，用在此处是指想办法让睡眠更好，故B：为正确答案。A：adopt“采用，采纳”、C：approve“赞同，批准”和D：identify“辨别，确认”均不符合文意，故排除。(7).A. particul
30、arly B. deliberatelyC. intentionally D. unintentionally（分数：2.50）A.B.C.D.解析：解析 副词辨析题。医生的本意是要帮助人们得到更好的睡眠，并非有意强化错误观念，所以选D：unintentionally“无意地，非故意地”。A：particularly“特别地，尤其”、B：deliberately“蓄意地，存心地”和C：intentionally“故意地”，均可排除。(8).A. circles B. cyclesC. intervals D. periods（分数：2.50）A.B.C.D.解析：解析 名词辨析题。根据句意可知
31、，B：cycles“周期，循环”符合文意，故为答案。A：circles“圈，圆圈”、C：intervals“间隔，距离”和D：periods“期间，时期”均不符合文意，故可排除。(9).A. tossing B. flingingC. bumping D. moving（分数：2.50）A.B.C.D.解析：解析 动词辨析题。根据上下文可知，这里说的是睡眠焦虑的表现，即在床上辗转反侧睡不着。A：tossing可指“翻身，翻来翻去”，和后面的turning连用表示“辗转反侧”，符合文意，故为正确答案。B：flinging“用力扔，投”、C：bumping“颠簸，冲撞”和D：moving“移动”均
32、不符合文意，可以排除。(10).A. conceptions B. misconceptionsC. mistakes D. concessions（分数：2.50）A.B.C.D.解析：解析 名词辨析题。此处谈到的睡眠焦虑显然是由错误的认知造成的，B：misconceptions“误解，错误的观念”符合文意，故为正确答案。A：conceptions“概念，观念”、C：mistakes“错误”和D：concessions“让步”均不符合文意，故排除。(11).A. then worked B. now workingC. then working D. who working（分数：2.50）
33、A.B.C.D.解析：解析 非谓语动词题。本句的谓语动词是was conducting，而working是现在分词作后置定语，修饰a psychiatrist，并且时间上是过去，不是现在，因此用then，不可用now，由此可确定C：为正确答案。同时可排除B和D；A：then worked不能作定语，故也排除。(12).A. natural B. genuineC. aesthetic D. artificial（分数：2.50）A.B.C.D.解析：解析 形容词辨析题。从下面一句中的light bulbs，televisions，computers等词推知，这里的光(light)只能是人工的、
34、人造的，并非自然光，因此D：artificial为正确答案，同时排除A：natural“自然的，天然的”。B：genuine“真正的”和C：aesthetic“美的，美学的”都不符合文意，故排除。(13).A. direction B. distributionC. distraction D. contraction（分数：2.50）A.B.C.D.解析：解析 名词辨析题。根据本文开头部分可推知，现代科技对人的睡眠是一种干扰，且空格后是介词from，所以C：distraction“干扰”为正确答案。A：direction“方向，指导”、B：distribution“分配”及D：contrac
35、tion“收缩，缩短”皆可排除。(14).A. on B. throughC. at D. for（分数：2.50）A.B.C.D.解析：解析 介词辨析题。through表示“整个，自始至终”，sleep through the night：意为“睡一整夜”，符合文意，故B为正确答案。(15).A. drift B. resumeC. stray D. shift（分数：2.50）A.B.C.D.解析：解析 动词辨析题。A：drift本意为“漂流，漂移”，drift back在本句意为“又重新慢慢地入睡”，故为正确答案。B：resume本身即有“重新开始，继续”之意，后面可接名词及动名词，此处
36、用法不符，故排除；C：stray意为“迷路，走失，误入歧途”，一般和from连用，故排除；D：shift“改变，移动”，不符合文意，故排除。(16).A. considering B. asC. given D. by（分数：2.50）A.B.C.D.解析：解析 介词辨析题。此处的a chance to be free of modern life是一种假设或条件，C：given可表示“倘若，假定”，符合句意，故为正确答案。A：considering意为“就而论”；B：as表示“作为”；D：by“用，根据”，以上三项皆不符合文意，故排除。(17).A. scattered B. subsequ
37、entC. slipped D. split（分数：2.50）A.B.C.D.解析：解析 形容词辨析题。此处说的是和“8小时连续睡眠”相对应的另一种睡眠模式，即不连续的睡眠、分段式的睡眠。D：split“分开的，分割的”符合文意，故为正确答案。A：scattered“分散的，散布的”、B：subsequent“随后的，其后的”和C：slipped“滑倒的”皆不符合文意，故可排除。(18).A. While B. OnceC. Since D. Though（分数：2.50）A.B.C.D.解析：解析 语篇衔接题。根据上下文判断，此处应填表示条件的连词，B：Once“一旦”符合句意，故为正确答案
38、。A：While“当时；然而，虽然”、C：Since“自以来；因为；既然”和D：Though“尽管，虽然”皆不符合文意，故排除。(19).A. come in B. come outC. take in D. take on（分数：2.50）A.B.C.D.解析：解析 动词短语辨析题。A：come in“开始被采用，流行起来”，符合文意，故为正确答案。B：come out，“显现；出版”、C：take in“收容；理解”和D：take on承担；呈现”均不符合文意，故排除。(20).A. which B. thatC. whether D. when（分数：2.50）A.B.C.D.解析：解析
39、 固定搭配题。此处只有whether能和后面的or搭配，表示“无论是还是”，故选C：whether。其他三个选项均不能与or连用，故排除。Economy, one of the principles of success in the details of housekeeping, consists not alone (1) making advantageous use of fresh material, but in carefully (2) and utilizing the left-over fragments and bits of food. Few cooks can
40、make (3) perfect calculation respecting the needs of their families as to provide just enough and no more, and the waste of the (4) is in many homes fully equal (5) one haft the cost of the meal. (6) anything need ever be wasted. There are ways of utilizing almost every kind of cooked food (7) it wi
41、ll be quite as appetizing and nutritious as when first prepared.All left-over foods, as grains, vegetables, or others of a (8) character, should be removed to clean dishes. (9) this precaution is observed, the tiny bits about the (10) of the dish, which become sour or moldy much sooner than the larg
42、er mass, are apt to (11) the whole. They should also be set on ice or be kept in a cool, dry place (12) needed.There are (13) other foods that can be combined into more delicious dishes than left- over bread if the bread is properly made from (14) material and is well kept in a proper place. To (15)
43、 the perfect preservation of the fragments, the (16) itself should receive good care. Broken pieces of bread may become (17) dry, and in that case, they are (18) to crackers for use in soups. In addition, small quantities of left-over grains can be utilized for preparing various kinds of desserts (1
44、9) the ingredients require previous cooking. They may also be used in the preparation of vegetable soups, many of which are even (20) by the addition of a few spoonfuls of well-kept cooked oatmeal or rolled oats.（分数：50.00）(1).A. of B. withC. by D. in（分数：2.50）A.B.C.D.解析：解析 介词辨析题。consist in sth. 意思是“在
45、于，存在于”，由此可知，D：in符合句意，故为正确答案。经常与谓语动词consist搭配的介词是of和in，所以选项中的with和by可以排除；而consist of sth的意思是“由组成”，不符合句意，故排除。(2).A. preserving B. reservingC. conserving D. deserving（分数：2.50）A.B.C.D.解析：解析 动词辨析题。这句话中谈的是剩余食物的保存，preserve表示“为了防止损害或变质而进行保存”，由此可知，A：preserving符合文意，故为正确答案。D：deserving的意思是“值得，应该得到”，不符合文意，故排除；reserve和conserve都有“保存”的意思，但是有所差别。reserve一般表示为了将来的或其他的用途而有所保留或保存；conserve一般表示保存自然资源、人力或精力等，因此B：reserving和C：conserving均可以排除。(3).A. such B. soC. very D. /（分数：2.50）A.B.C.D.解析：解析 固定搭配题。由于空格部分的词语修饰的中心词为calculation，为不可数名词；such用于修饰不可数名词，因此A：为正确答案。在下文中出现了as to，由此可知，这里用到的是such/soas
