1、翻译三级口译综合能力模拟1答案模拟 120Part A听力原文1-10 Its generally believed that leaders are often thought to be people with unusual personal ability. However, decades of research have failed to produce consistent evidence that there is any category of natural leaders. It seems that there is no set of personal quali
2、ties that all leaders have in common: rather, virtually any person may be recognized as a leader if the person has the qualities that meet the needs of that particular group. Furthermore, although it is commonly supposed that social groups have a single leader, research suggests that there are typic
3、ally two different leadership roles that are held by different individuals. Instrumental leadership is leadership that emphasizes the completion of tasks by a social group. Group members look to instrumental leaders to get things done Expressive leadership, on the other hand, is leadership that emph
4、asizes the collective well-beings of a social groups members. Expressive leaders are less concerned with the overall goals of the group than with providing emotional support to group members and attempting to minimize tension and conflict among them. Group members expect expressive leaders to mainta
5、in stable relationships within the group and provide support to individual members. Instrumental leaders are likely to have a rather secondary relationship to other group members. They may discipline group members who inhibit attainment of the groups goals. Expressive leaders cultivate a more person
6、al or primary relationship to others in the group. They offer sympathy when someone experiences difficulties or is subjected to discipline, are quick to lighten a serious moment with humor, and try to resolve issues that threaten to divide the group. So, expressive leaders generally receive more per
7、sonal affection from group members; instrumental leaders, if they are successful in promoting group goals, may enjoy a more distant respect. 第1题：参考答案：B答案解析：第2题：参考答案：B答案解析：第3题：参考答案：A答案解析：第4题：参考答案：B答案解析：第5题：参考答案：A答案解析：第6题：参考答案：A答案解析：第7题：参考答案：B答案解析：第8题：参考答案：B答案解析：第9题：参考答案：B答案解析：第10题：参考答案：A答案解析：B第11题：参考
8、答案：B答案解析：听力原文After meeting with several failures, Walter is not unsuccessful with his new business.第12题：参考答案：C答案解析：听力原文At the meeting the board chairman of the car company outlined the development strategy for the next decade.第13题：参考答案：A答案解析：听力原文Since Professor Smith cannot come on Friday, the quiz
9、will be postponed until next weeks class.第14题：参考答案：B答案解析：听力原文Im having trouble fitting into my jeans. It looks like Ill have to cut down what I eat.第15题：参考答案：C答案解析：听力原文Lisa is out of the office again, another business meeting. She will be flying to Paris tomorrow.第16题：参考答案：A答案解析：听力原文We could take th
10、e train, but a direct flight will be a lot less complicated.第17题：参考答案：B答案解析：听力原文If you cant do better in this course, Im afraid you will have to drop it.第18题：参考答案：C答案解析：听力原文Excuse me, do you have any apartments available for under $ 500 a month?第19题：参考答案：A答案解析：听力原文Professor Sinclair says that he wil
11、l give us one week extension on our economic papers.第20题：参考答案：B答案解析：听力原文Bill gave a diamond ring to Linda. It must have cost him an arm and a leg.Part Listen to the following passages and then choose the best answer to each question by blackening the corresponding circle. You may need to scribble a
12、few notes in order to answer the questions satisfactorily. There are three passages in this part, each with five questions. And each question carries two points. You will hear the passages only once. 听力原文21-25 By the mid-nineteenth century, the term icebox had entered the American language, but ice
13、was still only beginning to affect the diet of ordinary citizens in the United States. The ice trade grew with the growth of cities. Ice was used in hotels, taverns, and hospitals, and by some forward-looking city dealers in fresh meat, fresh fish, and butter. After the Civil War (1861- 1865), as ic
14、e was used to refrigerate freight cars, it also came into household use. Even before 1880, half of the ice sold in New York, Philadelphia, and Baltimore, and one-third of that sold in Boston and Chicago, went to families for their own use. This had become possible because a new household convenience
15、, the icebox - a precursor of the modem refrigerator, had been invented. Making an efficient icebox was not as easy as we might now suppose. In the early nineteenth century, the knowledge of the physics of heat, which was essential to a science of refrigeration, was rudimentary. The common sense not
16、ion that the best icebox was one that prevented the ice from melting was of course mistaken, for it was the melting of the ice that performed the cooling. Nevertheless, early efforts to economize ice included wrapping up the ice in blankets, which kept the ice from doing its job. Not until near the
17、end of the nineteenth century did inventors achieve the delicate balance of insulation and circulation needed for an efficient icebox. But as early as 1803, an ingenious Maryland farmer, Thomas Moore, had been on the right track. He owned a farm about twenty miles outside the city of Washington, for
18、 which the village of Georgetown was the market center. When he used an icebox of his own design to transport his butter to market, he found that customers would pass up the rapidly melting stuff in the tubs of his competitors to pay a premium price for his butter, still fresh and hard in neat, one-
19、pound bricks. One advantage of his icebox, Moore explained, was that farmers would no longer have to travel to market at night in order to keep their produce cool. 第21题：参考答案：B答案解析：第22题：参考答案：D答案解析：第23题：参考答案：B答案解析：第24题：参考答案：C答案解析：第25题：参考答案：C答案解析：听力原文26-30 Id like to say a few words about the organizat
20、ional structure of Lampell. Now, if you look at the chart you will see that the Managing Director, that is Mr. Bruce, is responsible for running the company and is accountable to the Board. Now, he is assisted by four executive departments. These are Human Resources, which is responsible for personn
21、el, training and management development; then theres the Finance Department, which takes care of corporate finance and accounting; next we have the Management Services Department, led by Peter Collins, who is in charge of rationalization throughout the company; and finally, there is the R&D Departme
22、nt research and development - which works closely with the five regions on new product development. So this then brings me on to the regions. Directly under the Managing Director, there are five Regional Managers. Each of them is responsible for the day-to-day management of a territory, these are ge
23、ographically split into north, south, east, west and central regions. Now then, the five regions are supported by two sections - Marketing and Technical Services. They are organized on a matrix basis with section leaders accountable to the Regional Managers. They work closely with the regions on the
24、 marketing and technical side. Now, in addition to the parent company, Lampell has three subsidiaries, namely Lampell France, Germany and Japan. The subsidiaries report to the Export Sales Department, which in turn is accountable to the Board. Right, well thats a brief overview. Are there any questi
25、ons? 第26题：参考答案：A答案解析：第27题：参考答案：D答案解析：第28题：参考答案：D答案解析：第29题：参考答案：A答案解析：第30题：参考答案：B答案解析：听力原文31-35 Our company is active in world markets and we employ just over thirty thousand people worldwide. We have production facilities, agents and subsidiaries in all five continents and we are increasing our shar
26、e of the worlds cosmetics markets. Lets begin by looking at the different activities of the group. This chart shows last years sales when we had a turnover of 37.57 billion French francs. If we look more closely, we can see that the largest part of our revenue comes from Consumer and Salons activiti
27、es. This market segment accounts for forty-nine percent of the total turnover. It includes skincare products, make- up, fragrances and hair care products where we are a world leader. Moving on to Active Cosmetics, this division has dual objectives; firstly to develop new, technically advanced cosmet
28、ics and secondly to enhance our close relationships with pharmacists - a key channel of distribution. It achieved a turnover of 3.7 billion French francs last year. Then we come to Synthelabo, our pharmaceutical subsidiary, which accounts for 16.8 percent of our total revenues. It regularly invests
29、twenty percent of its turnover in research and development. In addition to these four major areas of activity, our company also owns Artcurial, a contemporary art gallery, we hold a major stake in the Marrie-Claire publishing group and we have increased our stake in Paravision International, a film
30、production and distribution company. Together these activities account for 1.8 percent of our turnover, or 0. 7 billion francs. 第31题：参考答案：B答案解析：第32题：参考答案：A答案解析：第33题：参考答案：A答案解析：第34题：参考答案：C答案解析：第35题：参考答案：D答案解析：Part Parts of the following text are missing. While listening to the tape, complete the pass
31、age by filling in each blank space with an appropriate word or words. There are 20 blanks, each carrying one point. You will hear the passage only once.听力原文36-55 Despite widespread medical opinion that alcoholic beverages may prevent heart disease, a leading medical expert is advising: dont start dr
32、inking just yet. Anybody whos ever worked in a hospital sees the hospital is full of patients that have alcohol related disease, but the hospital is not full of patients that have disease related to cholesterol and blood pressure-lowering medicines. In an editorial in the current New England Journal
33、 of Medicine, Dr. Goldberg of Columbia University said it is time to see whether alcohol actually prevents heart disease. Such a study would give alcoholic beverages to one group of heart disease patients and not to another, and see which does better. In the latest study, which followed a group of m
34、en over a 12-year period, researchers found that those who drank three or more drinks per week reduced their risk of heart attack by 35 percent compared to abstainers. The lead author, physician Kenneth Mukamal of Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center in Boston, insists his study is different from th
35、e rest. For one thing, other studies have not looked at drinking patterns. Dr. Mukamal says his findings also appear to settle which alcoholic beverages are most heart healthy. Beer and spirits, beer and liquor, were most strongly associated with reduced risk. 第36题：参考答案：widespread medical opinion详细解
36、答：第37题：参考答案：prevent heart disease详细解答：第38题：参考答案：start drinking详细解答：第39题：参考答案：alcohol related详细解答：第40题：参考答案：blood pressure-lowering medicines详细解答：第41题：参考答案：editorial详细解答：第42题：参考答案：whether alcohol actually详细解答：第43题：参考答案：alcoholic beverages详细解答：第44题：参考答案：which does better详细解答：第45题：参考答案：a group of men详细
37、解答：第46题：参考答案：three or more详细解答：第47题：参考答案：reduced their risk详细解答：第48题：参考答案：35 percent详细解答：第49题：参考答案：abstainers详细解答：第50题：参考答案：physician详细解答：第51题：参考答案：different from the rest详细解答：第52题：参考答案：drinking patterns详细解答：第53题：参考答案：his findings详细解答：第54题：参考答案：most heart healthy详细解答：第55题：参考答案：associated with reduce
38、d risk详细解答：Part 第56题：参考答案：Nowadays, English is used throughout the Commonwealth, which contributes to its worldwide use. Today, the Commonwealth is a loose association of independent sovereign states, which could trace back to the year 1867 when Canada was established as a fully self-governing count
39、ry. Then, the British Empire began to be transformed into a Commonwealth of independent nations. Later, Australia and New Zealand followed. In 1947, India and Pakistan became fully independent. Then, all the major colonial territories became fully independent within 20 years. Power was transferred t
40、o ministries responsible to parliaments elected by universal suffrage. Rhodesia, however, was an exception, which unilaterally declared itself independent without British agreement. Then, the British government considered it illegitimate and imposed sanctions. Finally, the Republic of Zimbabwe was i
41、naugural in 1980. Although these countries are independent and opposed to one another, the British cultural influence is far-reaching. Their educational systems, as well as parliamentary and legal processes, all reflect this influence.详细解答：听力原文 Another reason for the worldwide use of the English lan
42、guage is its use throughout the Commonwealth, which includes a quarter of the worlds people in one-sixth of the worlds land area. All of its forty-nine member states have at some time been under British rule. In some of them English is the first language; others, with several different languages of
43、their own, find English the most convenient means of communication except for small-scale business. Today the Commonwealth is a loose association of independent sovereign states, nearly all of their members of the United Nations, mattered among the continents and their adjacent islands. British rule
44、 still continues in a few groups of islands, all but one of them too small in population to be independent states but preferring to continue the British connection rather than to attach themselves to any neighboring states. The transformation of the British Empire into a Commonwealth of independent
45、nations began, in part, in 1867 with the establishment of Canada as a fully self-governing country, still associated with Britain. Australia and New Zealand followed. With all these, full power was transferred, with agreement on both sides, to the representative institutions of people mostly descend
46、ed from emigrants from Britain, though part of Canada was French. The new Commonwealth began in 1947, when India and Pakistan became fully independent. Indias membership of the Commonwealth was not affected by its decision three years later to become a republic. All the major colonial territories, in Asia, Africa and the Caribbean, had become independent within twenty years. In every case power was transferred, with the help and agreement of the British government, to ministries responsible to parliaments elected by universal suffrage, but with guarantees of
