1、ICS 13. 180 A 25 B 中华人民共和国国家标准GB/T 20527. 3-2006/ISO 14915-3: 2002 多媒体用户界面的软件人类工效学第3部分：媒体选择和组合Software ergonomics for multimedia user interfaces Part 3, Media selection and combination CISO 14915-3:2002,IDT) 2006-10-09发布2007-03-01实施中华人民共租国国家质量监督检验检瘦总局串舍中国国家标准化管理委员会4叩GB/T 20527. 3-2006/ISO 14915-3,20
2、02 目次前言四引言 . 白白N 1 范围.2 规范性引用文件3 术语和定义4 GB/T 20527的本部分的应用.5 4. 1 目标用户群，4. 2 建议的应用.4. 3 符合GB/T20527的本部分的报告5 媒体选择和组合的一般指南.5 1 总则. . . . . . 5 5. 2 支持用户任务5. 3 支持通信目的5. 4 确保与用户理解的兼容性. . 5 5. 5 选择适合用户特性的媒体.5. 6 支持用户的偏好. 6 5. 7 考虑使用背景. 6 5.8 对关键信息使用冗余. . 6 5.9 避免知觉通道问冲突. 6 5. 10 避免语义冲突5. 11 简单化设计E5. 12 组合
3、不同视点的媒体.6 5. 13 选择媒体组合以详细阐述信息 E 6 5. 14 防止劣化.7 5. 15 预览媒体选择. 7 5. 16 对重要信息使用静态媒体a E . 7 6 信息类型的媒体选择 . 7 6. 1 总则,. . 7 6. 2 考虑信息类型. 7 6. 3 考虑多种信息类型 . 7 6. 4 选择和组合媒体7 媒体整合., .“. . 10 7. 1 总则. . -. 10 7. 2 设计问题 10 7.3 媒体整合指南.108 引导用户的注意力118. 1 总则，.,. 11 8. 2 关键主题链接的直接联系点.u11GB/T 20527. 3-2006/ISO 14915
4、-3: 2002 8. 3 链接组成部分的直接联系点.11 8. 4 间接联系点.12 8. 5 连接主题线索的联系点顺序. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12 8. 6 媒体对之间的联系点指南.12 附录A（资料性附录）类型分类决策树.17 附录B（资料性附录）媒体组对指南.m附录C（资料性附录媒体组合模式示例.28 附录D（资料性附录）设计问题和认知背景. 29 参考文献.32图AI 信息类型分类决策树.18 图A2 媒体源分类的维度.18 图A.3媒体类型分类决策树.19图D.l 人类信息加工的近似模型，该模型使用“将
5、人视为计算机系统”的类比，以人类信息处理模型为基础.30 表1为信息类型选择和组合媒体的示例概要.8 表2实现媒体对之间联系点的设计效果实例概要.13 表B.l 媒体组合概要和示例E.mIT 前言GB/T 20527多媒体用户界面的软件人类工效学分为2一一第1部分g设计原则和框架p一一第2部分g多媒体导航和控制；一一一第3部分：媒体选择和组合。本部分是GB/T20527的第3部分。GB/T 20527. 3-2006/ISO 14915-3:2002 本部分等同采用ISO14915 3: 2002多媒体用户界面的软件人类工效学第3部分s媒体选择和组合（英文版），并根据ISO14915 3: 2
6、002翻译起草本部分的附录A至附录D为资料性附录本部分由中国标准化研究院提出本部分由全国人类工效学标准化技术委员会归口。本部分起草单位2中国标准化研究院、联想集团、空军航空医学研究所、总后军需装备研究所、清华大学本部分主要起草人g陈元桥、杨万丽、张欣、陈柏鸿、叶盛、郭小朝、冉令华、湛玉红、李志忠。m GB/T 20527. 3-2006月so14915-3 :2002 51 言相比仅基于文本和图形格式的传统用户界面，多媒体应用软件用户界面的设汁涉及更为广泛的设计和评估问题，有许多不同的技术和设计选项可用。多媒体用户界面使不同媒体（静态媒体如文本、图形和图像g动态媒体如音频、动画、视频或其他感觉
7、形式）得以合并、整合并同步。在每一种媒体内，仍可进一步加以区分，例如：图形，；r按呈现格式不同分为二维和三维图形；音频可按音质水平或者按单声道、立体声和环绕声予以进一步分类。人类工效学设计可以提高用户操作多媒体应用软件的有效性、效率和满意度（参见GB/T18978. 11 l. 就用户特性、拟执行的任务（例如工作、教育培训或绩效支持）以及系统应用环境来说，通过精心设计多媒体应用软件就可实现用户上述能力的提高。多媒体应用软件常用于通信目的。多媒体用户界面的人类工效学设计也可改善系统操作的安全性（例如：吁同时利用视觉媒体和昕觉媒体发出警告）。就多媒体应用软件的用户而言，在知觉、认知和其他人类工效学
8、涵义方面，可资利用的媒体的范围以及这些媒体间的交互各有不同。多媒体具有潜在的高知觉负荷、复杂的结构和语义及通过系统传递大量信息的特性。处理多媒体应用软件中所呈现的数据或信息也常成为用户活动的一部分。GB/T 20527的本部分提供了关于媒体选择、组合和整合的指南。它主要关注于多媒体的呈现方面（亦即从系统至用户的呈现），而非控制和导航问题（控制和导航问题在ISO149152, 2002中阐述）。依逻辑顺序，本部分首先以信息需求为起始点阐述了关于就信息需求而选择媒体组合的设计问题，然后阐述了关于如何通过设计效果来引导用户的阅读和（或）浏览顺序以确保用户获得所期望的信息的指南。资料性附录A至附录D补
9、充给出f不同媒体组合和整合的设计指南。凹GB/T 20527. 3-2006/ISO 149153: 2002 多媒体用户界面的软件人类工效学第3部分：媒体选择和组合1 范围GB/T 20527的本部分给出了使不同媒体得以整合和同步的交互式用户界面的设计、选择和组合的建议和指南。它针对使不同媒体得以合并、整合和同步的应用软件的用户界面。媒体包括静态媒体什例如B文本、图形、图像和动态媒体例如：音频、动画、视频或与其他感觉形式相关的媒体。单一媒体内的详细设计问题（例如动画序列的图形设计）仅在对用户具有人类工效学结果时才予以阐述。GB/T 20527的本部分适用于z基于计算机的多媒体应用软件的一般呈
10、现技术，包括单机软件和网络软件（当主要目的是为了支持用户的工作任务或信息提供时h一一软件用户界面的设计：培训和教学多媒体（当本部分的建议与信息的有效传递相关时）。本部分不涉及教学应用软件的教学法设计问题，也不涉及硬件问题（例如输入或输出设备）。本部分的建议不专门针对以娱乐为主要目的的应用软件（例如游戏）。本部分主要关注于多媒体的呈现问题。使用不同媒体的多模式输入例如通过组合语音和点击来输入信息在所提出的建议中未予以考虑。2 规范性引用文件下列文件中的条款通过GB/T20527的本部分的引用而成为本部分的条款凡是注日期的引用文件，其随后所有的修改单（不包括勘误的内容）或修订版均不适用于本部分然而
11、，鼓励根据本部分达成协议的各方研究是否口I使用这些文件的最新版本。凡是不注日期的引用文件，其最新版本适用于本部分。GB/T 20527. 1 2006 多媒体用户界面的软件人类工效学第l部分设计原则和框架tory material in formmg dual media associations, Journal of Educational Psychology, 76(3), pp 408 417 15 Barnard, P. (1985) Interacting cognitive subsystems: a psycholinguistic approach to short ter
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