1、raising standards worldwide NO COPYING WITHOUT BSI PERMISSION EXCEPT AS PERMITTED BY COPYRIGHT LAW BSI Standards Publication BS ISO/IEC 11770-1:2010 Information technology Security techniques Key management Part 1: FrameworkBS ISO/IEC 11770-1:2010 BRITISH STANDARD National foreword This British Stan
2、dard is the UK implementation of ISO/IEC 11770-1:2010. The UK participation in its preparation was entrusted to Technical Committee IST/33, IT - Security techniques. A list of organizations represented on this committee can be obtained on request to its secretary. This publication does not purport t
3、o include all the necessary provisions of a contract. Users are responsible for its correct application. BSI 2010 ISBN 978 0 580 68075 5 ICS 35.040 Compliance with a British Standard cannot confer immunity from legal obligations. This British Standard was published under the authority of the Standar
4、ds Policy and Strategy Committee on 31 December 2010. Amendments issued since publication Date Text affectedBS ISO/IEC 11770-1:2010Reference number ISO/IEC 11770-1:2010(E) ISO/IEC 2010INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO/IEC 11770-1 Second edition 2010-12-01 Information technology Security techniques Key mana
5、gement Part 1: Framework Technologies de linformation Techniques de scurit Gestion de cls Partie 1: Cadre gnral BS ISO/IEC 11770-1:2010 ISO/IEC 11770-1:2010(E) PDF disclaimer This PDF file may contain embedded typefaces. In accordance with Adobes licensing policy, this file may be printed or viewed
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8、use by ISO member bodies. In the unlikely event that a problem relating to it is found, please inform the Central Secretariat at the address given below. COPYRIGHT PROTECTED DOCUMENT ISO/IEC 2010 All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, no part of this publication may be reproduced or utiliz
9、ed in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying and microfilm, without permission in writing from either ISO at the address below or ISOs member body in the country of the requester. ISO copyright office Case postale 56 CH-1211 Geneva 20 Tel. + 41 22 749 01 11 Fax +
10、41 22 749 09 47 E-mail copyrightiso.org Web www.iso.org Published in Switzerland ii ISO/IEC 2010 All rights reservedBS ISO/IEC 11770-1:2010 ISO/IEC 11770-1:2010(E) ISO/IEC 2010 All rights reserved iiiContents Page Foreword iv Introduction.v 1 Scope1 2 Terms and definitions .1 3 Symbols and abbreviat
11、ed terms 6 3.1 Symbols6 3.2 Abbreviated terms.6 4 General model of key management.6 4.1 General .6 4.2 Protection of keys .7 4.2.1 General aspects of key management7 4.2.2 Protection by cryptographic techniques 7 4.2.3 Protection by non-cryptographic techniques.7 4.2.4 Protection by physical means7
12、4.2.5 Protection by organisational means .8 4.3 Generic key life cycle model 8 4.3.1 Key life cycle definitions.8 4.3.2 Transitions between key states .9 4.3.3 Transitions, services and keys 10 5 Basic concepts of key management .10 5.1 Key management services .10 5.1.1 Summary of key management ser
13、vices10 5.1.2 Generate-Key (key generation) 12 5.1.3 Register-Key (key registration) 12 5.1.4 Create-Key-Certificate (key certification)12 5.1.5 Distribute-Key (key distribution)12 5.1.6 Install-Key (key installation).12 5.1.7 Store-key (key storage).12 5.1.8 Derive-Key (key derivation) 13 5.1.9 Arc
14、hive-Key (key archiving) .13 5.1.10 Revoke-Key (key revocation) .13 5.1.11 Deregister-Key (key deregistration) 13 5.1.12 Destroy-Key (key destruction) .13 5.2 Support services .13 5.2.1 Key management facility services.13 5.2.2 User-oriented services14 6 Conceptual models for key distribution for tw
15、o entities.14 6.1 Introduction to key distribution .14 6.2 Key distribution between two communicating entities.14 6.3 Key distribution within one domain 15 6.4 Key distribution between two domains.16 7 Specific service providers18 Annex A (informative) Threats to key management 19 Annex B (informati
16、ve) Key management information objects .20 Annex C (informative) Classes of cryptographic applications.21 Annex D (informative) Certificate lifecycle management23 Bibliography30 BS ISO/IEC 11770-1:2010 ISO/IEC 11770-1:2010(E) iv ISO/IEC 2010 All rights reservedForeword ISO (the International Organiz
17、ation for Standardization) and IEC (the International Electrotechnical Commission) form the specialized system for worldwide standardization. National bodies that are members of ISO or IEC participate in the development of International Standards through technical committees established by the respe
18、ctive organization to deal with particular fields of technical activity. ISO and IEC technical committees collaborate in fields of mutual interest. Other international organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO and IEC, also take part in the work. In the field of informati
19、on technology, ISO and IEC have established a joint technical committee, ISO/IEC JTC 1. International Standards are drafted in accordance with the rules given in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2. The main task of the joint technical committee is to prepare International Standards. Draft International
20、Standards adopted by the joint technical committee are circulated to national bodies for voting. Publication as an International Standard requires approval by at least 75 % of the national bodies casting a vote. Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be
21、the subject of patent rights. ISO and IEC shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. ISO/IEC 11770-1 was prepared by Joint Technical Committee ISO/IEC JTC 1, Information technology, Subcommittee SC 27, IT Security techniques. This second edition cancels and replaces
22、 the first edition (ISO/IEC 11770-1:1996), which has been technically revised. ISO/IEC 11770 consists of the following parts, under the general title Information technology Security techniques Key management: Part 1: Framework Part 2: Mechanisms using symmetric techniques Part 3: Mechanisms using as
23、ymmetric techniques Part 4: Mechanisms based on weak secrets The following part is under preparation: Part 5: Group key management BS ISO/IEC 11770-1:2010 ISO/IEC 11770-1:2010(E) ISO/IEC 2010 All rights reserved vIntroduction In information technology there is an ever-increasing need to use cryptogr
24、aphic mechanisms for the protection of data against unauthorised disclosure or manipulation, for entity authentication, and for non-repudiation functions. The security and reliability of such mechanisms are directly dependent on the management and protection afforded to a security parameter, the key
25、. The secure management of these keys is critical to the integration of cryptographic functions into a system, since even the most elaborate security concept will be ineffective if the key management is weak. The purpose of key management is to provide procedures for handling cryptographic keying ma
26、terial to be used in symmetric or asymmetric cryptographic mechanisms. This part of ISO/IEC 11770 defines a general model of key management that is independent of the use of any particular cryptographic algorithm. However, certain key distribution mechanisms may depend on particular algorithm proper
27、ties, for example, properties of asymmetric algorithms. This part of ISO/IEC 11770 contains the material required for a basic understanding of subsequent parts. Examples of the use of key management mechanisms are included in ISO 11568. If non-repudiation is required for key management, ISO/IEC 1388
28、8 is applicable. This part of ISO/IEC 11770 addresses both the automated and manual aspects of key management, including outlines of data elements and sequences of operations that are used to obtain key management services. However it does not specify details of protocol exchanges that might be need
29、ed. As with other security services, key management can only be provided within the context of a defined security policy. The definition of security policies is outside the scope of ISO/IEC 11770. The fundamental problem is to establish keying material whose origin, integrity, timeliness and (in the
30、 case of secret keys) confidentiality can be guaranteed to both direct and indirect users. Key management includes functions such as the generation, storage, distribution, deletion and archiving of keying material in accordance with a security policy (ISO 7498-2). This part of ISO/IEC 11770 has a sp
31、ecial relationship to the security frameworks for open systems (ISO/IEC 10181). All the frameworks, including this one, identify the basic concepts and characteristics of mechanisms covering different aspects of security. BS ISO/IEC 11770-1:2010BS ISO/IEC 11770-1:2010 INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO/IEC
32、11770-1:2010(E) ISO/IEC 2010 All rights reserved 1Information technology Security techniques Key management Part 1: Framework 1 Scope This part of ISO/IEC 11770 a) establishes the general model on which key management mechanisms are based, b) defines the basic concepts of key management which are co
33、mmon to all the parts of ISO/IEC 11770, c) specifies the characteristics of key management services, d) establishes general principles on the management of keying material during its life cycle, and e) establishes the conceptual model of key distribution. 2 Terms and definitions For the purposes of
34、this document, the following terms and definitions apply. 2.1 asymmetric cryptographic technique cryptographic technique that uses two related transformations, a public transformation (defined by the public key) and a private transformation (defined by the private key) NOTE The two transformations h
35、ave the property that, given the public transformation, it is computationally infeasible to derive the private transformation. 2.2 asymmetric key pair pair of related keys where the private key defines the private transformation and the public key defines the public transformation ISO/IEC 11770-3:20
36、08 2.3 certification authority entity trusted to create and assign public key certificates 2.4 data integrity property that data has not been altered or destroyed in an unauthorized manner ISO 7498-2:1989 BS ISO/IEC 11770-1:2010 ISO/IEC 11770-1:2010(E) 2 ISO/IEC 2010 All rights reserved2.5 data orig
37、in authentication corroboration that the source of data received is as claimed ISO 7498-2:1989 2.6 decryption reversal of a corresponding encryption NOTE Decryption ISO/IEC 18033-1 and decipherment ISO/IEC 9798-1 are equivalent terms. 2.7 digital signature data appended to, or a cryptographic transf
38、ormation of, a data unit that allows a recipient of the data unit to prove the source and integrity of the data unit and protect against forgery e.g. by the recipient ISO/IEC 9798-1:1997 2.8 directory maintenance authority entity responsible for making the public key certificates available online fo
39、r ready use by the user entities 2.9 distinguishing identifier information which unambiguously distinguishes an entity 2.10 encryption (reversible) transformation of data by a cryptographic algorithm to produce ciphertext, i.e., to hide the information content of the data NOTE Encryption ISO/IEC 180
40、33-1 and encipherment ISO/IEC 9798-1 are equivalent terms. 2.11 entity authentication corroboration that an entity is the one claimed ISO/IEC 9798-1:1997 2.12 key sequence of symbols that controls the operation of a cryptographic transformation (e.g., encryption, decryption, cryptographic check func
41、tion computation, signature generation, or signature verification) 2.13 key agreement process of establishing a shared secret key between entities in such a way that neither of them can predetermine the value of that key 2.14 key archiving service which provides a secure, long-term storage of keys a
42、fter normal use 2.15 key certification service which assures the association of a public key with an entity BS ISO/IEC 11770-1:2010 ISO/IEC 11770-1:2010(E) ISO/IEC 2010 All rights reserved 32.16 key confirmation assurance for one entity that another identified entity is in possession of the correct
43、key 2.17 key control ability to choose the key, or the parameters used in the key computation 2.18 key deregistration procedure provided by a key registration authority that removes the association of a key with an entity 2.19 key derivation service which forms a potentially large number of keys usi
44、ng a secret original key called the derivation key, non-secret variable data and a secure transformation process 2.20 key destruction service for the secure destruction of keys that are no longer needed 2.21 key distribution service which securely provides key management information objects to autho
45、rized entities 2.22 key distribution centre entity that is trusted to generate or acquire keys and to distribute the keys to communicating parties and that shares a unique symmetric key with each of the parties 2.23 key establishment process of making available a shared key to one or more entities,
46、where the process includes key agreement or key transport ISO/IEC 11770-3:2008 2.24 key generation process of generating a key 2.25 key generator entity responsible for generation of an asymmetric key pair 2.26 key installation service which securely establishes a key within a key management facilit
47、y in a manner that protects it from compromise 2.27 keying material data necessary to establish and maintain cryptographic keying relationships EXAMPLES Keys, initialization values. BS ISO/IEC 11770-1:2010 ISO/IEC 11770-1:2010(E) 4 ISO/IEC 2010 All rights reserved2.28 key management administration a
48、nd use of generation, registration, certification, deregistration, distribution, installation, storage, archiving, revocation, derivation and destruction of keying material in accordance with a security policy 2.29 key registration service which associates a key with an entity 2.30 key revocation se
49、rvice which assures the secure deactivation of a key 2.31 key storage service which provides secure storage of keys intended for current or near-term use or for backup 2.32 key translation centre entity trusted to decrypt a key that was generated and encrypted by one party and re-encrypt it for another party 2.33 key transport process of transferring a key from one entity to another entity, suitably protected ISO/IEC 11770-3:2008 2.34 personal identification number secret number sequence
