1、BRITISH STANDARD BS ISO/IEC 15476-4:2005 Information technology CDIF semantic metamodel Part 4: Data models ICS 35.080 BS ISO/IEC 15476-4:2005 This British Standard was published under the authority of the Standards Policy and Strategy Committee on 1 February 2006 BSI 1 February 2006 ISBN 0 580 4764
2、8 0 National foreword This British Standard reproduces verbatim ISO/IEC 15476-4:2005 and implements it as the UK national standard. The UK participation in its preparation was entrusted to Technical Committee IST/15, Software and systems engineering, which has the responsibility to: aid enquirers to
3、 understand the text; present to the responsible international/European committee any enquiries on the interpretation, or proposals for change, and keep UK interests informed; monitor related international and European developments and promulgate them in the UK. A list of organizations represented o
4、n this committee can be obtained on request to its secretary. Cross-references The British Standards which implement international publications referred to in this document may be found in the BSI Catalogue under the section entitled “International Standards Correspondence Index”, or by using the “S
5、earch” facility of the BSI Electronic Catalogue or of British Standards Online. This publication does not purport to include all the necessary provisions of a contract. Users are responsible for its correct application. Compliance with a British Standard does not of itself confer immunity from legal
6、 obligations. Summary of pages This document comprises a front cover, an inside front cover, the ISO/IEC title page, pages ii to ix, a blank page, pages 1 to 113 and a back cover. The BSI copyright notice displayed in this document indicates when the document was last issued. Amendments issued since
7、 publication Amd. No. Date Comments Reference number ISO/IEC 15476-4:2005(E)INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO/IEC 15476-4 First edition 2005-12-15 Information technology CDIF semantic metamodel Part 4: Data models Technologies de linformation Mtamodle smantique CDIF Partie 4: Modles de donnes BS ISO/IEC 15
8、476-4:2005ii BS ISO/IEC 15476-4:2005 iii Contents 1 Scope .1 2 Conformance.2 2.1 General 2 2.2 Input conformance2 2.3 Output conformance.2 2.4 Round-trip conformance 3 3 Normative references .3 4 Terms and definitions.3 4.1 From other International Standards 3 4.1.1 ISO/IEC 15474-1.3 4.1.2 ISO/IEC 1
9、3238-1.4 4.1.3 For this International Standard 4 5 Symbols (and abbreviated terms)4 5.1 Naming, diagramming and definition conventions 4 5.2 Abbreviations4 5.3 Notation for this subject area.4 6 Data models subject area overview.5 6.1 Introduction.5 6.2 Diagrams. .6 6.3 Entities.11 6.4 Relationships
10、 11 6.4.1 Binary relationship12 6.4.2 N-ary relationship12 6.4.3 Simple relationship .12 6.4.4 Complex relationship12 6.5 Roles 14 6.6 Cardinalities 15 6.6.1 Outer cardinalities.16 6.6.2 Inner cardinalities .17 6.7 Multi-player roles 18 6.8 Role constraints20 6.9 Attributes.22 6.10 Keys and access p
11、aths.23 6.11 Referential integrity 27 6.12 Supertypes and subtypes 29 6.12.1 Coverage30 6.12.2 Exclusivity .31 6.12.3 Orthogonality 32 6.12.4 Inheritance.33 6.13 Refinement of inherited characteristics 34 6.13.1 Refinement of attribute characteristics.34 6.13.2 Refinement of relationship characteris
12、tics.35 6.14 Subsets36 6.15 Clusters .37 6.16 Projections 38 6.17 Computable languages.41 7 Data models subject area summary 43 7.1 AttributableMetaObject hierarchy43 7.2 MetaEntity summary .45 BS ISO/IEC 15476-4:2005 iv 7.3 MetaRelationship summary50 8 Data models subject area specification 54 8.1
13、Introduction .54 8.2 Subject area definition54 8.3 Meta-entity definitions 55 8.3.1 AccessPath. .55 8.3.2 Attribute.56 8.3.3 CandidateKey58 8.3.4 Cluster .59 8.3.5 ComponentObject.59 8.3.6 DataModel59 8.3.7 DataModelObject.60 8.3.8 DataModelSubset61 8.3.9 DefinitionObject 61 8.3.10 Entity62 8.3.11 F
14、oreignKey 68 8.3.12 InheritableDataModelObject.68 8.3.13 Key .69 8.3.14 ProjectedAttribute.70 8.3.15 ProjectionComponent.71 8.3.16 Relationship 73 8.3.17 Role 74 8.3.18 RoleConstraint 75 8.3.19 RolePlayer .77 8.3.20 SemanticInformationObject .90 8.3.21 SubtypeSet 91 8.3.22 SubtypeSetMembershipCriter
15、ion.92 8.4 Meta-relationship definitions .94 8.4.1 AccessPath.Incorporates.Attribute .94 8.4.2 AccessPath.Instantiates.Key .95 8.4.3 Attribute.IsDiscriminatorFor.SubtypeSetMembershipCriterion 96 8.4.4 Attribute.IsInheritedFrom.Attribute .96 8.4.5 CandidateKey.Incorporates.ForeignKey.97 8.4.6 Cluster
16、.Collects.DataModelObject.97 8.4.7 ComponentObject.References.DefinitionObject 97 8.4.8 DataModel.Collects.DataModelObject.98 8.4.9 DataModelObject.ActsAs.RolePlayer98 8.4.10 DataModelObject.IsMemberOf.DataModelSubset.99 8.4.11 DataModelSubset.Excludes.Attribute99 8.4.12 DataModelSubset.IsSubsetOf.D
17、ataModel .100 8.4.13 DefinitionObject.Contains.ComponentObject 100 8.4.14 DefinitionObject.IsConstructedWith.ProjectionComponent100 8.4.15 Entity.IsAccessedUsing.AccessPath 101 8.4.16 Entity.IsIdentifiedBy.CandidateKey .101 8.4.17 ForeignKey.Incorporates.RolePlayer 102 8.4.18 ForeignKey.References.C
18、andidateKey .102 8.4.19 InheritableDataModelObject.IsSubtypeIn.SubtypeSet .103 8.4.20 InheritableDataModelObject.IsSupertypeFor.SubtypeSet .104 8.4.21 Key.Incorporates.Attribute .105 8.4.22 Key.Incorporates.SemanticInformationObject .106 8.4.23 ProjectedAttribute.IsProjectionOf.Attribute107 8.4.24 P
19、rojectionComponent.IsFullProjectionOf.DefinitionObject.107 8.4.25 ProjectionComponent.IsProjectionOf.Attribute108 8.4.26 Role.BelongsTo.Relationship 109 8.4.27 RoleConstraint.Incorporates.RoleConstraint .109 8.4.28 RoleConstraint.Incorporates.RolePlayer 110 8.4.29 RoleConstraint.Incorporates.Semanti
20、cInformationObject.110 8.4.30 RolePlayer.IsSupportedBy.Key111 8.4.31 RolePlayer.Plays.Role 111 v 8.4.32 RolePlayer.Refines.RolePlayer112 8.4.33 RolePlayer.RefinesForSubtype.DataModelObject112 8.4.34 SubtypeSet.Specifies.SubtypeSetMembershipCriterion.113 8.4.35 SubtypeSetMembershipCriterion.Selects.I
21、nheritableDataModelObject.113 Table of Illustrations Figure 1 CDIF family of International Standards 1 Figure 2 Diagrammatic Conventions - Keys. 5 Figure 3 Data Models subject area overview . 6 Figure 4 Partitioning/View mechanisms . 7 Figure 5 Keys and AccessPath 8 Figure 6 Roles, RolePlayers and R
22、oleConstraints . 9 Figure 7 Connection between Data Models and Common subject areas. 10 Figure 8 Connection between Data Models and Data Definition subject areas 11 Figure 9 Binary Relationship 12 Figure 10 Ternary Relationship 12 Figure 11 Complex Binary Relationship . 13 Figure 12 Instance Diagram
23、 showing a Complex Relationship 14 Figure 13 Roles . 14 Figure 14 Reflexive or Recursive Relationship. 15 Figure 15 Examples of Types of Binary Relationships . 16 Figure 16 Outer Cardinalities . 16 Figure 17 Inner Cardinalities 17 Figure 18 Inner Cardinalities and Attributed Binary Relationships1 8
24、Figure 19 Multi-player Roles and Heterogeneous Collections 19 Figure 20 Multi-player Roles and Common Outer Cardinality 20 Figure 21 Role Constraint Network 21 Figure 22 Constraints on Role Participation. 21 Figure 23 Instance Diagram showing Role Constraints 22 Figure 24 Attributed Relationships, R
25、oles and RolePlayers . 23 Figure 25 Foreign Keys 24 BS ISO/IEC 15476-4:2005vi Figure 26 RolePlayer as a component of a ForeignKey. 25 Figure 27 Key support of RolePlayer . 26 Figure 28 Key support for RolePlayer in a Reflexive Relationship . 27 Figure 29 Subtype Set Discriminator 30 Figure 30 Abstra
26、ct Supertype 31 Figure 31 Concrete Supertype . 31 Figure 32 Non-exclusive Subtype Set 32 Figure 33 Orthogonal Subtype Sets. 32 Figure 34 Instance Diagram showing Orthogonal Subtype Sets 33 Figure 35 Overlapping Subtype Sets . 33 Figure 36 Inheritance . 34 Figure 37 Refinement of Cardinalities 35 Fig
27、ure 38 Instance Diagram showing refinement of Cardinalities. 36 Figure 39 Subsets 37 Figure 40 Clusters 38 Figure 41 Instance Diagram showing Simple Projection 39 Figure 42 Instance Diagram showing Complex Projection . 40 Figure 43 Instance Diagram showing Attribute Renaming . 41 BS ISO/IEC 15476-4:
28、2005vii Foreword ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) and IEC (the International Electrotechnical Commission) form the specialized system for worldwide standardization. National bodies that are members of ISO or IEC participate in the development of International Standards throug
29、h technical committees established by the respective organization to deal with particular fields of technical activity. ISO and IEC technical committees collaborate in fields of mutual interest. Other international organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO and IEC, also t
30、ake part in the work. In the field of information technology, ISO and IEC have established a joint technical committee, ISO/IEC JTC 1. International Standards are drafted in accordance with the rules given in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2. The main task of the joint technical committee is to prepar
31、e International Standards. Draft International Standards adopted by the joint technical committee are circulated to national bodies for voting. Publication as an International Standard requires approval by at least 75 % of the national bodies casting a vote. Attention is drawn to the possibility tha
32、t some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent rights. ISO and IEC shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. ISO/IEC 15476-4 was prepared by Joint Technical Committee ISO/IEC JTC 1, Information technology, Subcommittee SC 7, Software and syste
33、m engineering. ISO/IEC 15476 consists of the following parts, under the general title Information technology CDIF semantic metamodel: Part 1: Foundation Part 2: Common Part 3: Data definitions Part 4: Data models Part 5: Data flow models Part 6: State/event models BS ISO/IEC 15476-4:2005viii Introdu
34、ction This International Standard will assist the vendors and users of modelling tools and meta-data repositories in developing mechanisms for interchanging information. This International Standard specifies an element of a family of related International Standards. When used together, these Interna
35、tional Standards specify a mechanism for transferring information between tools. ISO/IEC 15474-1:2002, Information technology - CDIF framework - Part 1: Overview and ISO/IEC 15474-2:2002, Information technology - CDIF framework - Part 2: Modelling and extensibility should be read first when initiall
36、y exploring CDIF. The first explains the overall CDIF architecture and how the family of standards fits together. The second explains the scope, and modelling approach in CDIF. The CDIF meta-metamodel and extensibility mechanism are also defined in that document. This International Standard explains
37、 the Data models subject area. The CDIF semantic metamodel is used to ensure that the information held by tools communicating using CDIF is transferred with an agreed meaning. It covers the information required to express Entity-Relationship-Attribute Modelling and Logical Database Design concepts.
38、This International Standard has been developed with the wide support and participation of vendors, users, academia and government involved in or familiar with the CASE industry, its products and the general requirements associated with interchanging information between these products. This document
39、is organized into the following Clauses. Clause 1 to 5 are prescribed ISO/IEC Clauses; Clause 6: Subject area overview: This Clause gives an overview of the coverage of this subject area. Clause 7: Subject area summary: This Clause gives an overview of the content of this subject area. Clause 8: Sub
40、ject area specification: This Clause gives the formal specification of all the objects defined in the subject area, and the formal reference to those used, but not defined in the subject area. This document is intended to be used by anyone wishing to understand and/or use CDIF. This document provide
41、s a definition of a single subject area of the CDIF semantic metamodel. It is suitable for: Those evaluating CDIF; Those who wish to understand the principles and concepts of a CDIF transfer; and Those developing importers and exporters. This document, ISO/IEC 15474-1:2002, Information technology -
42、CDIF framework - Part 1: Overview, and the framework document ISO/IEC 15474-2:2002, Information technology - CDIF framework - Part 2: Modelling and extensibility, should be read first when initially exploring CDIF and before attempting to read other documents in the CDIF family of standards. BS ISO/
43、IEC 15476-4:2005ixWhile there are no specific prerequisites for reading this document, it will be helpful for the reader to have familiarity with the following: Entity-Relationship-Attribute modelling; Modelling (CASE) tools; Information repositories; Data dictionaries; Multiple meta-layer modelling
44、. BS ISO/IEC 15476-4:2005blank1 Information technology CDIF semantic metamodel Part 4: Data models 1 Scope The CDIF family of International Standards is primarily designed to be used as a description of a mechanism for transferring information between modelling tools. It facilitates a successful tra
45、nsfer when the authors of the importing and exporting tools have nothing in common except an agreement to conform to CDIF. The language that is defined for the transfer format also has applicability as a general language for import/export from repositories. The CDIF semantic metamodel defined for CA
46、SE also has applicability as the basis of standard definitions for use in repositories. The International Standards which form the complete family of CDIF standards are documented in ISO/IEC 15474-1. These International Standards cover the overall framework, the transfer format and the CDIF semantic
47、 metamodel. 15476 CDIF Semantic Metamodel 15474 CDIF Framework Part 1 : Overview Part 2 : Modeling and Extensibility Part 1 : Foundation Part 6 : State/event models Part 3 : Data definitions Part 4 : Data models Part 5 : Data flow models 15475 CDIF Transfer Format Part 1 : General rules forsyntaxes
48、and encodings Part 2 : Syntax SYNTAX.1 Part 3 : Encoding ENCODING.1 Part n : . Part n : . Part 2 : CommonFigure 1 CDIF family of International Standards The diagram in Figure 1 depicts the various International Standards that comprise the CDIF family of standards. The shaded box depicts this Standar
49、d and its position in the CDIF family of standards. BS ISO/IEC 15476-4:20052 This International Standard defines the portion of the CDIF semantic metamodel that supports general Data Modelling. This includes Entity-Relationship-Attribute Modelling as well as Logical Database Design. 2 Conformance 2.1 General A product is fully stand
