1、BSI Standards Publication BS ISO/IEC 29794-1:2016 Information technology Biometric sample quality Part 1: FrameworkBS ISO/IEC 29794-1:2016 BRITISH STANDARD National foreword This British Standard is the UK implementation of ISO/IEC 29794-1:2016. It supersedes BS ISO/IEC 29794-1:2009 which is withdra
2、wn. The UK participation in its preparation was entrusted to Technical Committee IST/44, Biometrics. A list of organizations represented on this committee can be obtained on request to its secretary. This publication does not purport to include all the necessary provisions of a contract. Users are r
3、esponsible for its correct application. The British Standards Institution 2016. Published by BSI Standards Limited 2016 ISBN 978 0 580 80785 5 ICS 35.040 Compliance with a British Standard cannot confer immunity from legal obligations. This British Standard was published under the authority of the S
4、tandards Policy and Strategy Committee on 31 January 2016. Amendments/corrigenda issued since publication Date Text affectedBS ISO/IEC 29794-1:2016 Information technology Biometric sample quality Part 1: Framework Technologies de linformation Qualit dchantillon biomtrique Partie 1: Cadre INTERNATION
5、AL STANDARD ISO/IEC 29794-1 Reference number ISO/IEC 29794-1:2016(E) Second edition 2016-01-15 ISO/IEC 2016 BS ISO/IEC 29794-1:2016ii ISO/IEC 2016 All rights reserved COPYRIGHT PROTECTED DOCUMENT ISO/IEC 2016, Published in Switzerland All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, no part of this
6、publication may be reproduced or utilized otherwise in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, or posting on the internet or an intranet, without prior written permission. Permission can be requested from either ISO at the address below or ISOs member body in the
7、country of the requester. ISO copyright office Ch. de Blandonnet 8 CP 401 CH-1214 Vernier, Geneva, Switzerland Tel. +41 22 749 01 11 Fax +41 22 749 09 47 copyrightiso.org www.iso.org ISO/IEC 29794-1:2016(E)BS ISO/IEC 29794-1:2016ISO/IEC 29794-1:2016(E)Foreword iv Introduction v 1 Scope . 1 2 Conform
8、ance . 1 3 Normative references 1 4 T erms and definitions . 1 5 Abbreviated terms 3 6 Biometric sample quality criteria 4 6.1 Reference model 4 6.2 Quality components: character, fidelity, utility . 5 6.3 Usefulness of quality data . 5 6.3.1 Real-time quality assessment . 5 6.3.2 Use in different a
9、pplications 6 6.3.3 Use as a survey statistic . 6 6.3.4 Accumulation of relevant statistics 6 6.3.5 Reference dataset improvement 6 6.3.6 Quality-based conditional processing . 6 6.3.7 Interchange of quality data by disparate systems 7 7 Data int er change format field definition 7 7.1 Binary encodi
10、ng . 7 7.2 XML encoding . 9 7.3 Quality score 10 7.3.1 Purpose .10 7.3.2 Data transformation considerations 10 7.3.3 Failure modes 10 7.3.4 Resolution .10 7.3.5 Summarisation .10 7.4 Quality algorithm identification 10 7.4.1 Overview 10 7.4.2 Methodology .11 7.5 Standardized exchange of quality algo
11、rithm results .11 8 Normalisation .12 Annex A (informative) Example of encoding a biometric quality record 13 Annex B (informative) Example of standardized exchange of quality algorithm results .14 Annex C (informative) Procedures for aggregation of utility-based quality scores .16 Bibliography .19
12、ISO/IEC 2016 All rights reserved iii Contents PageBS ISO/IEC 29794-1:2016ISO/IEC 29794-1:2016(E) Foreword ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) and IEC (the International Electrotechnical Commission) form the specialized system for worldwide standardization. National bodies that a
13、re members of ISO or IEC participate in the development of International Standards through technical committees established by the respective organization to deal with particular fields of technical activity. ISO and IEC technical committees collaborate in fields of mutual interest. Other internatio
14、nal organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO and IEC, also take part in the work. In the field of information technology, ISO and IEC have established a joint technical committee, ISO/IEC JTC 1. The procedures used to develop this document and those intended for its furt
15、her maintenance are described in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 1. In particular the different approval criteria needed for the different types of document should be noted. This document was drafted in accordance with the editorial rules of the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2 (see www.iso.org/directives).
16、Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent rights. ISO and IEC shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. Details of any patent rights identified during the development of the document will be in the
17、 Introduction and/or on the ISO list of patent declarations received (see www.iso.org/patents). Any trade name used in this document is information given for the convenience of users and does not constitute an endorsement. For an explanation on the meaning of ISO specific terms and expressions relat
18、ed to conformity assessment, as well as information about ISOs adherence to the WTO principles in the Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) see the following URL: Foreword - Supplementary information. The committee responsible for this document is ISO/IEC JTC 1, Information technology, Subcommittee SC 3
19、7, Biometrics. This second edition cancels and replaces the first edition (ISO/IEC 29794-1:2009), which has been technically revised to revise Clause 8 and Table 2, which describes the structure of quality record. ISO/IEC 29794 consists of the following parts, under the general title Information tec
20、hnology Biometric sample quality: Part 1: Framework Part 4: Finger image data Part 5: Facial image data Technical Report Part 6: Iris image data ISO/IEC 29794 series is prepared to accommodate new, additional parts that address other modalities specified by ISO/IEC 19794, with part numbers and title
21、s aligning appropriately. However, as Part 1 is intended for use by all modalities, a modality does not necessarily need a modality-specific part in order to make use of quality scores. It is anticipated that a future version of each part of the ISO/IEC 19794 series will reference this part of ISO/I
22、EC 29794 normatively, and their respective data fields will be updated as required.iv ISO/IEC 2016 All rights reservedBS ISO/IEC 29794-1:2016ISO/IEC 29794-1:2016(E) Introduction Quality metrics are useful for several applications in the field of biometrics. While ISO/IEC 19784- 1 specifies a structu
23、re and gives guidelines for quality score categorization, ISO/IEC 29794 defines and specifies methodologies for objective, quantitative quality score expression, interpretation, and interchange. This International Standard is intended to add value to a broad spectrum of applications in a manner that
24、 encourages competition, innovation, interoperability and performance improvements, and avoids bias towards particular applications, modalities, or techniques. This International Standard presents several biometric sample quality scoring tools, the use of which is generally optional but can be deter
25、mined as mandatory by particular Application Profiles or specific implementations. A number of applications can benefit from the use of biometric sample quality data; an example is the use of real-time quality feedback upon enrolment to improve the operational efficiency and performance of a biometr
26、ic system. The association of quality data with biometric samples is an important component of quality metric standardization. Quality fields as specified in 7.1 and 7.2 will be incorporated into data interchange formats. If a CBEFF header is present, then CBEFF_BDB_quality may additionally be used
27、to express quality data. Useful analyses can be performed using quality data along with other data in order to improve the performance of a biometric system. For example, correlating quality data to other system metrics can be used to diagnose problems and highlight potential areas of performance im
28、provement. This edition introduces encoding of a vector of quality metrics. ISO/IEC 2016 All rights reserved vBS ISO/IEC 29794-1:2016BS ISO/IEC 29794-1:2016Information technology Biometric sample quality Part 1: Framework 1 Scope This part of ISO/IEC 29794, for any or all biometric sample types as n
29、ecessary, establishes the following: terms and definitions that are useful in the specification and use of quality metrics; purpose and interpretation of biometric quality scores; encoding of quality data fields in biometric data interchange formats; methods for developing biometric sample datasets
30、for the purpose of quality score normalisation; format for exchange of quality algorithm results; methods for aggregation of quality scores. The following are outside the scope of this part of ISO/IEC 29794: specification of minimum requirements for sample, module, or system quality scores; performa
31、nce assessment of quality algorithms; standardization of quality algorithms. 2 Conformance A biometric sample quality record shall conform to this part of ISO/IEC 29794 if its structure and data values conform to the formatting requirements of Clause 7. Conformance to normative requirements of 7.1 a
32、nd 7.2 fulfils Level 1 and Level 2 conformance as specified in ISO/IEC 19794-1:2011, Annex A. Conformance to normative requirements of 7.3 is Level 3 conformance as specified in ISO/IEC 19794- 1:2011, Annex A. 3 Normative references The following documents, in whole or in part, are normatively refer
33、enced in this document and are indispensable for its application. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies. ISO/IEC 197941:2011, Information technology Biometric data interchange for
34、mats Part 1: Framework ISO/IEC 197851, Information technology Common Biometric Exchange Formats Framework Part 1: Data element specification ISO/IEC 238237, Information technology Vocabulary Part 37: Biometrics 4 T erms a nd definiti ons For the purposes of this document, the terms and definitions g
35、iven in ISO/IEC 2382-37, ISO/IEC 19794-1 and the following apply. INTERNATIONAL ST ANDARD ISO/IEC 29794-1:2016(E) ISO/IEC 2016 All rights reserved 1BS ISO/IEC 29794-1:2016ISO/IEC 29794-1:2016(E) 4.1 ac qu i s i t ion f ide l i t y fidelity (4.6) of a sample attributed to the acquisition process 4.2
36、character contributor to quality (4.11) of a sample attributable to inherent properties of the source (4.17) 4.3 environment physical surroundings and conditions where biometric capture occurs, including operational factors such as operator (4.9) skill and enrolee cooperation level 4.4 e x t r ac t
37、ion f ide l i t y component of the fidelity (4.6) of a sample attributed to the biometric feature extraction process 4.5 extrinsic when used to describe a quality score (4.12), requiring reference to an external source (4.17), such as a standard, register, or technical specifications for full interp
38、retation (4.8) and normalisation 4.6 f i d el it y expression of how accurately a biometric sample represents its source (4.17) biometric characteristic Note 1 to entry: The fidelity of a sample comprises components attributable to one or more of the processing steps: acquisition, extraction, signal
39、 processing. 4.7 intrinsic when used to describe a quality score (4.12), conveying fully interpreted (4.8), normalised data without the requirement for additional extrinsic (4.5)information for quality score normalisation (4.13) 4.8 interpretation process of analysing a quality score (4.12) along wi
40、th other data in order to give that score contextual, relative meaning 4.9 operator individual who processes a capture subject in a biometric system, performing or supervising capture and recapture 4.10 performance assessment of false match rate, false non-match rate, failure to enrol rate and failu
41、re to acquire rate of a biometric system 4.11 quality degree to which a biometric sample fulfils specified requirements for a targeted application Note 1 to entry: Specified quality requirements may address aspects of quality such as focus, resolution, etc. Implicit quality requirements address the
42、likelihood of achieving a correct comparison result. 4.12 quality score quantitative expression of quality (4.11)2 ISO/IEC 2016 All rights reservedBS ISO/IEC 29794-1:2016ISO/IEC 29794-1:2016(E) 4.13 quality score normalisation rescaling of quality scores (4.12) to improve consistency in scale and in
43、terpretation (4.8) 4.14 quality score normalisation dataset QSND dataset of biometric samples annotated with quality scores (4.12) for use in quality score normalisation (4.13) Note 1 to entry: Target quality scores may be assigned on the basis of performance (4.10) outcomes using the sample in ques
44、tion, or may be based on quality factors recorded in acquisition of the dataset. 4.15 quality score percentile rank QSPR percentile rank of the quality score (4.12) of a biometric sample, derived from its own utility score and those of other samples in an identified control dataset Note 1 to entry:
45、See QSND (4.14). 4.16 raw quality score quality score (4.12) that has not been interpreted (4.8), either by the creator or recipient of the score, and alone may not intrinsically provide contextual information 4.17 source physical body part or function represented by a biometric sample 4.18 utility
46、observed performance (4.10) of a biometric sample or set of samples in one or more biometric systems Note 1 to entry: The character (4.2) of the sample source (4.17) and the fidelity (4.6) of the processed samples contribute to, or similarly detract from, the utility of the sample. Note 2 to entry:
47、Utility may combine performance measures such as false match rate, false non-match rate, failure to enrol rate, and failure to acquire rate. 5 Abbreviated terms BDB biometric data block BDIR biometric data interchange record BIR biometric information record CBEFF common biometric exchange formats fr
48、amework (ISO/IEC 19785) FERET facial recognition technology database FNMR false non-match rate QAID quality algorithm identifier QSND quality score normalisation dataset QSPR quality score percentile rank ISO/IEC 2016 All rights reserved 3BS ISO/IEC 29794-1:2016ISO/IEC 29794-1:2016(E) QVID quality a
49、lgorithm vendor identifier XML eXtensible Markup Language 6 Biometric sample quality criteria 6.1 Reference model In biometrics, the term “quality” is used to describe several different aspects of a biometric sample that contribute to the overall performance of a biometric system. For the purposes of standardization, this part of ISO/IEC 29794 defines terms, definitions, and a reference model for distinguishing between these different aspects of quality, i
