1、Recommended Practice for Oilfield Explosives SafetyAPI RECOMMENDED PRACTICE 67SECOND EDITION, MAY 2007REAFFIRMED, JANUARY 2015Recommended Practice for Oilfield Explosives SafetyUpstream SegmentAPI RECOMMENDED PRACTICE 67SECOND EDITION, MAY 2007REAFFIRMED, JANUARY 2015SPECIAL NOTESAPI publications ne
2、cessarily address problems of a general nature. With respect to particular circumstances, local, state, and federal laws and regulations should be reviewed.Neither API nor any of APIs employees, subcontractors, consultants, committees, or other assignees make any warranty or representation, either e
3、xpress or implied, with respect to the accuracy, completeness, or usefulness of the information contained herein, or assume any liability or responsibility for any use, or the results of such use, of any information or process disclosed in this publication. Neither API nor any of APIs employees, sub
4、contractors, con-sultants, or other assignees represent that use of this publication would not infringe upon pri-vately owned rights.API publications may be used by anyone desiring to do so. Every effort has been made by the Institute to assure the accuracy and reliability of the data contained in t
5、hem; however, the Institute makes no representation, warranty, or guarantee in connection with this publication and hereby expressly disclaims any liability or responsibility for loss or damage resulting from its use or for the violation of any authorities having jurisdiction with which this publi-c
6、ation may conflict.API publications are published to facilitate the broad availability of proven, sound engineer-ing and operating practices. These publications are not intended to obviate the need for applying sound engineering judgment regarding when and where these publications should be utilized
7、. The formulation and publication of API publications is not intended in any way to inhibit anyone from using any other practices.Any manufacturer marking equipment or materials in conformance with the marking requirements of an API standard is solely responsible for complying with all the applicabl
8、e requirements of that standard. API does not represent, warrant, or guarantee that such prod-ucts do in fact conform to the applicable API standard.Where applicable, authorities having jurisdiction should be consulted.Work sites and equipment operations may differ. Users are solely responsible for
9、assessing their specific equipment and premises in determining the appropriateness of applying the RP. At all times users shoul employ sound business, scientific, engineering, and judgment safety when using this RP.API is not undertaking to meet the dutuies of employers, manufacturers, or suppliers
10、to warn and preperly train and equip their employees, and other exposed, concerning health and safety risks and precautions, nor undertaking their obligations to comply with authorities having jurisdiction.All rights reserved. No part of this work may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or
11、transmitted by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise, without prior written permission from the publisher. Contact the Publisher, API Publishing Services, 1220 L Street, N.W., Washington, D.C. 20005.Copyright 2007 American Petroleum InstituteFOREWORDThis publicatio
12、n is under the jurisdiction of the API Executive Committee on Drilling and Production Operations. Nothing contained in any API publication is to be construed as granting any right, by impli-cation or otherwise, for the manufacture, sale, or use of any method, apparatus, or product covered by letters
13、 patent. Neither should anything contained in the publication be construed as insuring anyone against liability for infringement of letters patent.This document was produced under API standardization procedures that ensure appropriate notification and participation in the developmental process and i
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15、 Street, N.W., Washington, D.C. 20005. Requests for permission to reproduce or translate all or any part of the material published herein should also be addressed to the director.Shall: As used in a standard, “shall” denotes a minimum requirement in order to conform to the specification.Should: As u
16、sed in a standards, “should” denotes a recommendation or that which is advised but not required in order to conform to the specification.Generally, API standards are reviewed and revised, reaffirmed, or withdrawn at least every five years. A one-time extension of up to two years may be added to this
17、 review cycle. Status of the publication can be ascertained from the API Standards Department, telephone (202) 682-8000. A catalog of API publications and materials is published annually and updated quarterly by API, 1220 L Street, N.W., Washington, D.C. 20005.Suggested revisions are invited and sho
18、uld be submitted to the Standards and Publications Department, API, 1220 L Street, NW, Washington, D.C. 20005, standardsapi.org.iiiCONTENTSPage1 GENERAL. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .11.1 Scope . . . . . . . .
19、. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .11.2 Application. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .11.3 Human Factors. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
20、. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .11.4 Attitude. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .11.5 Technical Innovation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
21、 . .11.6 Security and Oilfield Explosives . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .12 NORMATIVE REFERENCES. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .13 TERMS AND DEFINITIONS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
22、. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .24 SYMBOLS AND ABBREVIATED TERMS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .45 SURFACE EQUIPMENT. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .45.1 Introduction . . . . . . . . . . .
23、. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .45.2 Electrical Power. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .45.3 Cable Safety System . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
24、. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .45.4 Firing System Requirements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .45.5 Communication System. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .55.6 Inspection and Maintenance . . .
25、. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .55.7 Electrical Grounding/Bonding System . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .55.8 Electrical Detonator Safety Tube . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .55
26、.9 Electrical Detonator Circuit Testing Instruments . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .55.10 Explosives Warning Signs (Land Operations). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .55.11 Chemical Cutter Protective Sleeve. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
27、 . . . . . . . . .55.12 Pressure Testing of Surface Pressure Control Equipment. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .56 DOWNHOLE EQUIPMENT . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .66.1 Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
28、. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .66.2 Primary High Explosives. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .66.3 Detonators and Initiating Devices . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .66.4 Downhole
29、Firing Systems . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .76.5 Other Downhole Equipment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .76.6 Special Provisions for Shallow Operations. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
30、 . . . . . . . . . . .76.7 Electric Downhole Tractors. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .77 FIELD SAFETY PROCEDURES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .87.1 Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
31、. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .87.2 Transportation of Explosives. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .87.3 Arrival at the Wellsite . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
32、. . . . . . .87.4 Loading or Unloading of Explosive Devices at the Wellsite . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .98 ELECTRIC LINE CONVEYED OPERATIONS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .108.1 Well Site Preparation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
33、. . . . . . . . . . . .108.2 Pre-checks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .118.3 Preparation for Explosive Device Attachment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .118.4 Arming the Explosive Device . . . . . . .
34、. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .118.5 Deploying the Explosive Device. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .12vPage8.6 Recovery of the Explosive Device . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .139 TUBIN
35、G CONVEYED PERFORATING (TCP) AND OTHER NON-ELECTRIC LINE CONVEYED OPERATIONS. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .149.1 Well Site Preparation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .149.2 Preparing the Explo
36、sive Device . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .149.3 Arming the Explosive Device . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .149.4 Deploying the Explosive Device. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
37、. . . . . .159.5 Recovery of Explosive Devices. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1510 SPECIAL CATEGORIES OF EXPLOSIVE DEVICE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1610.1 Setting Tools. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
38、. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1610.2 Cased Hole Formation Testers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1610.3 Propellant-activated Sidewall Sample Takers, Select Fire, and Bullet Perforating Guns . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
39、 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1610.4 Perforating Guns with Power Safe Devices. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1611 PERSONNEL TRAINING . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1611.1 Introd
40、uction. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1611.2 Classification of Personnel. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1611.3 Qualifications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
41、. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1711.4 Training . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .171Recommended Practice for Oilfield Explosives Safety1 General1.1 SCOPEThis publication is applicable to explosives
42、 used in oil and gas producing operations, and more specifically to the use of explo-sives inside a wellbore. The purpose of this Recommended Practice is to prevent the inadvertent detonation of explosives.1.2 APPLICATIONOperating companies and/or service companies may establish more stringent and a
43、dditional policies and procedures, as they deem appropriate for their particular situation(s).1.3 HUMAN FACTORSHuman error is the principle cause of accidents and incidents involving explosives. Persons who use explosives on a regular basis over a long period of time must guard against becoming comp
44、lacent and taking “short-cuts” in the required operations and proce-dures. Established procedures should be faithfully observed in order to prevent explosives accidents.1.4 ATTITUDEThe total commitment of all individuals and their respective companies is necessary to achieve the safe use of oilfield
45、 explosives.1.5 TECHNICAL INNOVATIONNew technologies will be developed that offer opportunities for improved safety and increased operational efficiency. These may fall within the intended scope of this RP, but may not be specifically addressed in the current version. Any proposed changes to current
46、 procedures as a consequence of new technology shall include a demonstrated safe design. This shall include a rigorous review of potential failure points and their consequences, validated by an independent, recognized testing agency. Operation under such a change shall require prior review by, and a
47、greement between, the service company and operator.1.6 SECURITY AND OILFIELD EXPLOSIVESMany of the materials referred to in this document are attractive to those with criminal intent. It is therefore recommended that each user establish consistent security measures. These should be routinely applied
48、 and should not be subject to the varying threat levels reported by Government or other agencies, such as the United States Department of Homeland Security (DHS). However, enhanced security measures may be required when operating in specific geographical areas or markets identified by such agen-cies
49、, and each user should prepare action plans to be enacted in the event of increased threat.Note that the party responsible for defining and implementing security measures may be the user, operator, or other agency as will be defined by federal, state or local law. The responsible party may change depending on the level of security and when the cus-tody of explosive materials changes.The IME (Institute of Makers of Explosives) has recommended that all explosives be stored in anti-theft magazines under lock and key. Users should report the loss or theft of explosives, in compliance with pre
