1、ACI 423.9M-10(metric)Test Method for Bleed Stability ofCementitious Post-TensioningTendon GroutAn ACI StandardReported by Joint ACI-ASCE Committee 423American Concrete InstituteAdvancing concrete knowledgeTest Method for Bleed Stability of Cementitious Post-Tensioning Tendon GroutFirst printingJune
2、2010ISBN 978-0-87031-355-4Copyright by the American Concrete Institute, Farmington Hills, MI. All rights reserved. This materialmay not be reproduced or copied, in whole or part, in any printed, mechanical, electronic, film, or otherdistribution and storage media, without the written consent of ACI.
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10、 reprint and may be obtained by contacting ACI.Most ACI standards and committee reports are gathered together in the annually revised ACI Manual ofConcrete Practice (MCP).American Concrete Institute38800 Country Club DriveFarmington Hills, MI 48331U.S.A.Phone: 248-848-3700Fax: 248-848-3701www.concre
11、te.orgACI 423.9M-10 was adopted April 9, 2010 and published June 2010.Copyright 2010, American Concrete Institute.All rights reserved including rights of reproduction and use in any form or by anymeans, including the making of copies by any photo process, or by electronic or mechan-ical device, prin
12、ted, written, or oral, or recording for sound or visual reproduction or foruse in any knowledge or retrieval system or device, unless permission in writing isobtained from the copyright proprietors.423.9M-1Test Method for Bleed Stability of CementitiousPost-Tensioning Tendon GroutAn ACI StandardRepo
13、rted by Joint ACI-ASCE Committee 423ACI 423.9M-10Cement grouts for post-tensioning tendons ensure durability of the system.Voids formed from bleeding of grout may result in loss of a protective envi-ronment that may lead to corrosion of prestressing steel. This test method isa tool to evaluate the b
14、leed stability of a grout under static pressure andcan be used to prequalify grout materials or for quality control.CONTENTS(Mandatory portion follows)Section 1Scope, p. 423.9M-1Section 2Referenced standards, p. 423.9M-22.1ASTM standardsSection 3Terminology, p. 423.9M-23.1Definitions3.2Definitions o
15、f terms specific to this standardSection 4Significance and use, p. 423.9M-2Section 5Apparatus, p. 423.9M-25.1Filtration funnel5.2Stand5.3Gas supply5.4Bleed water collection containerSection 6Sample preparation, p. 423.9M-3Section 7Procedure, p. 423.9M-3Section 8Report, p. 423.9M-3Section 9Precision
16、and bias, p. 423.9M-3Section 10Keywords, p. 423.9M-3(Nonmandatory portion follows)Appendix A, p. 423.9M-3A1.1Example of specification limits for pressurizedbleed test(Mandatory portion follows)SECTION 1SCOPE1.1 This test method is designed to determine the resistanceto bleeding of freshly-mixed ceme
17、ntitious grout under staticpressure.1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard.No other units of measurement are included in this standard.1.3 This test method does not purport to address all of thesafety issues, if any, associated with its use. It is theTheresa M. Ahlborn Henr
18、y J. Cronin, Jr. Mohammad Iqbal David H. SandersRobert W. Barnes Charles W. Dolan L. S. Paul Johal Thomas C. SchaefferFlorian G. Barth James P. Donnelly Donald P. Kline Morris SchupackSarah L. Billington Martin J. Fradua Mark E. Moore Richard W. StoneAllan P. Bommer William L. Gamble Antoine E. Naam
19、an Amy M. Reineke TrygestadKenneth B. Bondy Shawn P. Gross Theodore L. Neff H. Carl WalkerNed H. Burns Pawan R. Gupta Sami H. Rizkalla Paul ZiaSteven R. Close H. R. Trey Hamilton III Bruce W. RussellAndrea J. SchokkerChairCarin L. Roberts-WollmannSecretary423.9M-2 ACI STANDARDresponsibility of the u
20、ser of this test method to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and to determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations before use. (WarningFreshhydraulic cementitious mixtures are caustic and may causechemical burns to skin and tissue upon prolonged exposure.*)SECTION 2REFERENCE
21、D STANDARDS2.1 ASTM standardsC938-02 Standard Practice for Proportioning GroutMixtures for Preplaced-Aggregate ConcreteC125-09a Standard Terminology Relating to Concreteand Concrete AggregatesSECTION 3TERMINOLOGY3.1 Definitions3.1.1 For definitions of terms used in this test method,refer to ASTM C12
22、5.3.2 Definitions of terms specific to this standard3.2.1 bleedingautogenous flow of mixing water within,or its emergence from, newly placed grout; caused by thesettlement of the solid materials with the mass and filteringaction of strands and wires.3.2.2 grouta mixture of cementitious material and
23、water,with or without aggregate, proportioned to produce a pourableconsistency without segregation of the constituents.3.2.3 post-tensioningmethod of prestressing in whichprestressing steel is tensioned after concrete has hardened.3.2.4 bleed stability (of cementitious grout)resistanceto bleeding.SE
24、CTION 4SIGNIFICANCE AND USE4.1 The majority of durability problems found in groutedpost-tensioned structures are related to voids in the grout dueto incomplete filling of ducts or bleeding of the grout. Voidsin the grout within the duct result in a loss of the protectiveenvironment and may end up as
25、 a collection point for moistureor outside contaminants such as saltwater. Voids can beformed from water separation from the grout before setting.Bleed water may remain trapped in the tendons or may bereabsorbed into the hardened grout, leaving voids. Bleedingincreases with vertical pressure head.Th
26、is test method is designed to evaluate the bleed stabilityof a freshly-mixed grout under static pressure. It can be usedin both the laboratory to qualify grout materials and in thefield as a quality-control test. When used to qualify groutmaterials, replicate tests may be specified. It is intended t
27、hatthe test pressure, acceptance criteria, and number of replicatetests be set forth in the Contract Documents. These valueswill generally vary depending on the vertical rise of the post-tensioning tendon. Appendix A is an example set of testpressures and acceptance criteria.4.2 The procedure for th
28、is test was developed by Schokkeret al.based on previous work by Schupack.*Section on Safety Precautions, Manual of Aggregate and Concrete Testing, AnnualBook of ASTM Standards, V. 04.02.SECTION 5APPARATUSThe apparatus consists of a commercially available pressurefiltration funnel, stand, pressure s
29、upply with gauge, pressureregulator, valve, and bleed water collection container, asshown in Fig. 5.1.5.1 Filtration funnelThe filtration funnel as shown inFig. 5.2 is 47 mm inside diameter with a 200 mL capacity.The filter funnel shall have removable threaded caps at bothends with stems for connect
30、ion of the gas supply and forescape of water. The base of the vessel shall contain a stain-less steel screen that supports a Type A/E borosilicate glassfilter (1 m pore size), as shown in Fig. 5.2. The screen shallSchokker, A. J.; Koester, B. D.; Breen, J. E.; and Kreger, M. E., “Development ofHigh
31、Performance Grouts for Bonded Post-Tensioned Structures,” Research Report1405-2, Center for Transportation Research, Oct. 1999.Schupack, M., “Admixture for Controlling Bleed in Cement Grout Used in Post-Tensioning,” Precast/Prestressed Concrete Institute Journal, Nov.-Dec. 1974, pp. 1-10.Fig. 5.1Tes
32、t apparatus.Fig. 5.1Filtration funnel.TEST METHOD FOR BLEED STABILITY OF CEMENTITIOUS POST-TENSIONING TENDON GROUT 423.9M-3be inserted with the woven side against the glass filter, andthe funnel gasket shall be placed above the glass filter, asshown in Fig. 5.2. The filtration funnel stem cap shall
33、besecurely attached before being placed in the stand.5.2 StandThe filtration funnel shall be attached to astand capable of holding the filter in the vertical positionwith adequate space for the bleed water collection container.5.3 Gas supplyA gas pressure supply with a pressureregulator, an in-line
34、shutoff valve, and gas pressure gaugeshall be firmly attached to the top stem of the filtrationfunnel. The gas pressure gauge shall be capable of readingpressures up to 700 kPa with 20 kPa graduation marks.5.4 Bleed water collection containerThe bleed watercollection container shall consist of a 10
35、mL transparentgraduated cylinder with 0.2 mL graduation marks. Thebottom stem of the filtration funnel shall be inserted into thebleed water collection container.SECTION 6SAMPLE PENETRATION6.1 Grout shall be mixed in accordance with ASTM C938.SECTION 7PROCEDURE7.1 Fill the filtration funnel with 200
36、 mL of freshly mixedgrout within 5 minutes after completion of grout mixing.7.2 Screw top stem cap on funnel hand tight, whilekeeping funnel in upright position.7.3 Place funnel in stand.7.4 Connect gas supply (gas pressure at 0 kPa).7.5 Allow grout to rest in funnel for 10 minutes (+30 s, 0 s)after
37、 grout placement.7.6 Increase pressure to specified pressure level (20 kPa)within 30 s.7.7 Hold at specified pressure for 5 minutes (+30 s, 0 s).7.8 Release the pressure and tip the filter funnel slightly tobreak the surface tension and allow the bleed waterremaining in the exit stem to be collected
38、 as part of the bleedvolume to be measured.7.9 Measure the volume of the collected bleed water to thenearest 0.2 mL at the end of hold time.7.10 If a complete loss of pressure occurs before comple-tion of the 5 minute hold period, the test is considered invalidfor the specified pressure level.Note 1
39、Loss of pressure in this test generally occurs as a“blow out” or complete loss of pressure with gas blowing outof the stem.SECTION 8REPORT8.1 Report bleed volume as a percentage of the samplevolume as follows8.2 Report the pressure used for the test and the durationfor which the pressure was applied
40、.8.3 If replicate tests are specified, report each test resultindividually.SECTION 9PRECISION AND BIAS9.1 Sufficient data are not available at this time to provideprecision and bias statements.SECTION 10KEYWORDS10.1 bleeding; bleed stability; bleed water; grout; post-tensioning; pressure.(Nonmandato
41、ry portion follows)APPENDIX AA1.1 Example of specification limits for pressurized bleedtestWhen tested using the pressurized bleed test, themaximum percentage of permitted bleeding in grout shouldbe specified in the Contract Documents. Normally, thespecification requirements for test pressure and ma
42、ximumpercentage bleeding will differ depending on the vertical riseof the post-tensioning tendons being used. Table A1.1 is anexample of specification limits for the pressurized bleed test.A1.2 The bleed limits for the test pressures indicated inTable A1.1 are based on work by Hamilton et al.*andsho
43、uld result in grout with little or no bleeding for the givenvertical rise. The specified bleed limits in Table A1.1 apply tothe grout sample tested in accordance with this test methodand do not represent the permitted amount of bleeding whenthe grout mixture is used in the actual structure.* Hamilto
44、n, H. R.; Schokker, A. J.; and Schupack, M., “Estimating Post-Tensioning Grout Bleed Resistance Using a Pressure-Filter Test,” Precast/PrestressedConcrete Institute Journal, Mar-Apr. 2002, pp. 32-39.% bleed = bleed (mL)200 mL- 1 0 0Table A1.1Example of specification limits for pressurized bleed test
45、Vertical rise x, m Test pressure, kPaMaximum bleeding, %0 x 0.6 140 40.6 x 1.8 220 21.8 x 30 360 0As ACI begins its second century of advancing concrete knowledge, its original chartered purposeremains “to provide a comradeship in finding the best ways to do concrete work of all kinds and inspreadin
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49、sand convention registration fees.As a member of ACI, you join thousands of practitioners and professionals worldwide who share acommitment to maintain the highest industry standards for concrete technology, construction, andpractices. In addition, ACI chapters provide opportunities for interaction of professionals and practitionersat a local level.American Concrete Institute38800 Country Club DriveFarmington Hills, MI 48331U.S.A.Phone: 248-848-3700Fax: 248-848-3701www.concrete.orgAmerican Concrete I
