1、PUBLISHED BY THE AMERICAN ASSOCIATION OF STATE HIGHWAY AND TRANSPORTATION OFFICIALS AASHTO, Guide for Design of Pavement Structures 1993 Published by the American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials 444 N. Capitol Street, N.W., Suite 249 Washington, D.C. 20001 O Copyright, 1986
2、, 1993 by the American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials. All Rights Reserved. Printed in the United States of America. This book, or parts thereof, may not be reproduced in any form without written permission of the publishers. - ISBN 1-5605 1-055-2 HIGHWAY SUBCOMMITTEE ON D
3、ESIGN Chairman: Byron C. Blaschke, Texas Vice Chairman: Kenneth C. Afferton, New Jersey Secretary: Thomas Willett, FHWA Alabama, Don Arkle, Ray D. Bass, J.F. Caraway Alaska, Rodney R. Platzke, Timothy Mitchell, Boyd Arizona, Robert P. Mickelson, Dallis B. Saxton, Arkansas, Bob Walters, Paul DeBusk C
4、alifornia, Walter P. Smith Colorado, James E. Siebels Connecticut, Earle R. Munroe, Bradley J. Smith, James F. Byrnes, Jr. Delaware, Michael A. Angelo, Chao H. Hu D.C., Charles F. Williams, Sanford H. Vinick Florida, Bill Deyo, Ray Reissener Georgia, Walker Scott, Hoyt J. Lively, Roland Hinners Hawa
5、ii, Kenneth W.G. Wong, Albert Yamaguchi Idaho, Richard Sorensen, Jeff R. Miles Illinois, Ken Lazar, Dennis Pescitelli Indiana, Gregory L. Henneke Iowa, George F. Sisson, Donald L. East, Dave Little Kansas, Bert Stratmann, James Brewer, Kentucky, Charles S. Raymer, John Sacksteder, Louisiana, Charles
6、 M. Higgins, William Hickey, Maine, Charles Smith, Walter Henrickson Maryland, Steve Drum, Robert D. Douglass Massachusetts, Sherman Eidelman, Frederick J. Nohelty, Jr. Michigan, Charles J. Arnold Minnesota, Roger M. Hill Mississippi, Irving Harris, Wendel T. Ruff, Glenn Calloway Missouri, Frank Car
7、roll, Bob Sfreddo Montana, David S. Johnson, Ronald E. Williams, Nebraska, Gerald Grauer, Marvin J. Volf, Nevada, Michael W. McFall, Steve R. Oxoby New Hampshire, Gilbert S. Rogers New Jersey, Kenneth Afferton, Walter W. Caddell, New Mexico, Joseph Pacheco, Charles V. P. Trujillo New York, J. Robert
8、 Lambert, Philip J. Clark, North Carolina, D.R. (Don) Morton, G.T. (Tom) North Dakota, David K.O. Leer, Ken Birst Ohio, Donald K. Huhman, George L. Butzer Brownfield John L. Louis Richard G. Adams Steve Williams Nick Kalivado Carl S. Peil Eldon D. Poppe Charles A. Goessel Robert A. Dennison Rearin,
9、J.T. Peacock, Jr. Oklahoma, Bruce E. Taylor, Richard B. Hankins, Oregon, Tom Lulay, Wayne F. Cobine Pennsylvania, Fred W, Bowser, John J. Faiella, Jr., Puerto Rico, Jose E. Hernandez, Maria M. Casse, Rhode Island, J. Michael Bennett South Carolina, Robert L. White, William M. DuBose South Dakota, La
10、wrence L. Weiss, Larry Engbrecht, Tennessee, Paul Morrison, Clellon Loveall, Texas, Frank D. Holzmann, William A. Lancaster, U.S. DOT, Robert Bates (FAA), Thomas O. Willett Utah, Dyke LeFevre, P.K. Mohanty, Heber Vlam Vermont, Robert M. Murphy, Donald H. Lathrop, Virginia, E.C. Cochran, Jr., R.E. At
11、herton, K.F. Phillips Washington, E.R. (Skip) Burch West Virginia, Norman Roush, Randolph Epperly Wisconsin, Joseph W. Dresser, Robert Pfeiffer Wyoming, Donald A. Carlson C. Wayne Philliber Dean Schreiber Eugenio Davila Monte Schneider Jerry D. Hughes Mark Marek (FHWA) John L. Armstrong AFFILIATE ME
12、MBERS Alberta, P.F. (Peter) Tajcnar Hong Kong, S.K. Kwei Manitoba, A. Boychuk Mariana islands, Nick C. Sablan New Brunswick, C. Herbert Page Newfoundland, Terry McCarthy Northwest Territories, Peter Vician Nova Scotia, Donald W. MacIntosh Ontario, Gerry McMillan Saskatchewan, Ray Gerbrandt ASSOCIATE
13、 MEMBERS-STATE Mass. Metro. Dist. Com., E. Leo Lydon N. J. Turnpike Authority, Arthur A. Linfante, Jr. Port Auth. of NY Roger H. Barcus, Illinois; Craig Smith, South Dakota iv SPECIAL NOTICE The Guide for Design of Pavement Structures, when it was published in 1986, was pub- lished as two volumes. V
14、olume 1 was written as a basic design guide and provided all of the information required to understand and apply the “Guide” to pavement design. Volume 2 was a series of appendices prepared to provide documentation or further explanations for informa- tion contained in Volume l. Volume 2 is not requ
15、ired for design. This 1993 edition of the “Guide” contains only one Volume. This Volume replaces the 1986 “Guide” Volume 1 and serves the same purpose. The major changes included in the 1993 “Guide” are changes to the overlay design procedure and the accompanying appendices L, My and N. There are ot
16、her minor changes and some of an editorial nature throughout the new Volume 1. Volume 2 of the 1986 “Guide” is still applicable to most sections of Volume 1 of the 1993 “Guide” and is available through AASHTO, 444 N. Capitol Street, N.W., Suite 249, Wash- ington, D.C. 20001; 202-624-5800. Request bo
17、ok code “GDPS3-V2.” A copy of the Table of Contents from Volume 2 of the 1986 “Guide” follows. VOLUME 2 APPENDICES AA. BB . cc. DD . EE . FF. GG. HH. II. JJ. KK. LL . MM. NN . OO. PP. Guidelines for the Design of Highway Internal Drainage Systems Position Paper on Pavement Management Remaining Life
18、Considerations in Overlay Design Development of Coefficients for Treatment of Drainage Development of Reliability Relationship Between Resilient Modulus and Soil Support Relationships Between Resilient Modulus and Layer Coefficients Development of Effective Roadbed Soil Moduli Survey of Current Leve
19、ls of Reliability Development of Design Nomographs Determination of J-Factor for Undowelled Pavements Development of Models for Effects of Subbase and Loss of Support Extension of Equivalency Factor Tables Recommendations for the Selection of an AASHTO Overlay Method Using NDT Within the AASHTO Perf
20、ormance Model Framework Pavement Recycling Fundamentals Development of NDT Structural Capacity Relationships V PREFACE When construction, maintenance, and rehabilita- tion costs are considered, the single most costly ele- ment of our nations highway system is the pavement structure. In an effort to
21、reduce this cost, the state highway and transportation departments and the Fed- eral Government have sponsored a continuous pro- gram of research on pavements. One output of that research effort was the Interim Guidefor the Design of Pavement Structures published in 1972 and revised in 1981. It was
22、based largely upon the findings at the AASHO Road Test. Because this is such an important topic, the Joint Task Force on Pavements-composed of members from the Subcommittee on Design, one member each from the Materials, Construction, and Maintenance Subcommittees, and one from the Planning Commit- t
23、ee of AASHTO-was assigned the task of rewriting the Interim Guide incorporating new developments and specifically addressing pavement rehabilitation. Because many states were found to be using at least portions of the Interim Guide and because no other generally accepted procedures could be identifi
24、ed, it was decided that this Guide would retain the basic algorithms developed from the AASHO Road Test as used in the Interim Guide. Because the Road Test was very limited in scope, Le. a few materials, one sub- grade, non-mixed traffic, one environment, etc., the original Interim Guide contained m
25、any additional models to expand the framework so designers could consider other conditions. The new Guide has been further expanded with the following 14 major new considerations: (1) Reliability (2) (3) (4) Drainage (5) Improved Environment Considerations (6) (7) (8) Life Cycle Cost Considerations
26、(9) Rehabilitation Resilient Modulus for Soil Support Resilient Modulus for Flexible Pavement Layer Coefficients Tied Concrete Shoulders or Widened Lanes Subbase Erosion for Rigid Pavements (10) Pavement Management (1 1) Extension of Load Equivalency Values 12) Improved Traffic Data 13) 14) Design o
27、f Pavements for Low Volume Roads State of the Knowledge on Mechanistic- Empirical Design Concepts The Task Force recognizes that a considerable body f information exists to design pavements utilizing so-called mechanistic models. It further believes that significant improvements in pavement design w
28、ill occur as these mechanistic models are calibrated to in-service performance, and are incorporated in everyday design usage. Part IV of this document sum- marizes the mechanistic/empirical status. In order to provide state-of-the-art approaches without lengthy research, values and concepts are sho
29、wn that have limited support in research or experi- ence. Each user should consider this to be a reference document and carefully evaluate his or her need of each concept and what initial values to use. To most effectively use the Guide it is suggested that the user adopt a process similar to the fo
30、llowing: Conduct a sensitivity study to determine which inputs have a significant effect on pavement design answers for its range of conditions. For those inputs that are insignificant or inap- propriate, no additional effort is required. For those that are significant and the state has sufficient d
31、ata or methods to estimate design values with adequate accuracy, no additional effort is required. Finally, for those sensitive inputs for which the state has no data of methodology to develop the inputs, research will be necessary. Because of the complexity of pavement design and the large expansio
32、n of this Guide, it is anticipated that some additional research will be cost- effective for each and every user agency in or- der to optimally utilize the Guide. One significant event, the pavement performance research effort being undertaken in the Strategic High- vii way Research Program (SHRP),
33、should aid greatly in improving this document. The Task Force believes that pavement design is gradually, but steadily transitioning from an art to a science. However, when one considers the nebulous nature of such difficult, but important inputs to design considerations such as traffic forecasting,
34、 weather forecasting, construction control, maintenance prac- tices, etc. ; successful pavement design will always de- pend largely upon the good judgment of the designer. Finally, the national trend toward developing and implementing pavement management systems, PMS, appears to the Task Force to be
35、 extremely important in developing the good judgment needed by pavement designers as well as providing many other elements needed for good design, Le. information to support adequate funding and fund allocation. The AASHTO Joint Task Force on Pavements . Vlll EXECUTIVE SUMMARY One of the major objec
36、tives of the AASHO Road Test was to provide information that could be used to develop pavement design criteria and pavement design procedures. Accordingly, following completion of the Road Test, the AASHO Design Committee (currently the AASHTO Design Committee), through its Sub- committee on Pavemen
37、t Design Practices, developed and circulated in 1961 the “AASHO Interim Guide for the Design of Rigid and Flexible Pavements.” The Guide was based on the results of the AASHO Road Test supplemented by existing design procedures and, in the case of rigid pavements, available theory. After the Guide h
38、ad been used for several years, the AASHTO Design Committee prepared and AASHTO published the “AASHTO Interim Guide for Design of Pavement Structures- 1972.” Revisions were made in 1981 to Chapter III of the Guide relative to design criteria for Portland Cement Concrete pave- ments. Evaluation of th
39、e Guide by the AASHTO De- sign Committee in 1983 led to the conclusion that some revisions and additions were required. Repre- sentations from government, industry, consultants, and academia led to the conclusion that the Guide should be strengthened to incorporate information de- veloped since 1972
40、 and that a new section on rehabili- tation should be added. It is also pertinent to note that, based on responses to a questionnaire sent to the States, there was an indication that the Guide was serving its main objectives and no serious problems were indicated. In other words, the States were gen
41、er- ally satisfied with the Guide but acknowledged that some improvements could be made. Based on the overall evaluation of input from user agencies and the status of research, it was determined by the AASHTO Joint Task Force on Pavements that the revisions to the Guide would retain the AASHO Road T
42、est performance prediction equations, as modi- fied for use in the 1972 Guide, as the basic model to be used for pavement design. This determination also established the present serviceability index (PSI) as the performance variable upon which design would be based. The major changes which have been
43、 included in the revised Guide include the following considerations : 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. Reliability. The procedure for design of both rigid and flexible pavements provides a com- mon method for incorporating a reliability fac- tor into the design based on a shift in the design traffic. Soil su
44、pport value. AASHTO test method T 274 (resilient modulus of roadbed soils) is recommended as the definitive test for charac- terizing soil support. The soil property is rec- ommended for use with both flexible and rigid pavement design. Layer coeficients flexible pavements). The resilient modulus te
45、st has been recommended as the procedure to be used in assigning layer coefficients to both stabilized and unstabilized material. NE: Guidelines for relating resilient modulus to soil support value and layer coeffi- cients are provided in the Guide; however, user agencies are encouraged to obtain eq
46、uipment and to train personnel in order to measure the resilient modulus directly. Drainage. Provision has been made in the Guide to provide guidance in the design of sub- surface drainage systems and for modifying the design equations to take advantage of im- provements in performance to good drain
47、age. Environment. Improvements in the Guide have been made in order to adjust designs as a func- tion of environment, e.g., frost heave, swelling soils, and thaw-weakening. Major emphasis is given to thaw-weakening and the effect that seasonal variations have on performance. Zed shoulders and widene
48、d lanes (rigid pave- ments). A procedure is provided for the design of rigid pavements with tied shoulders or wid- ened outside lanes. Subbase erosion. A method for adjusting the design equations to represent possible soil ero- sion under rigid pavements is provided. Life-cycle costs. Information ha
49、s been added relative to economic analysis and economic comparisons of alternate designs based on life- ix cycle costs. Present worth andlor equivalent uniform annual cost evaluations during a spec- ified analysis period are recommended for making economic analyses. Rehabilitation. A major addition to the Guide is the inclusion of a section on rehabilitation. Information is provided for rehabilitation with or without overlays. 10. Pavement management. Background informa- tion is provided regarding pavement manage- ment and the role of the Guide in the overall scheme of pavement management
